{"id":8209,"date":"2025-10-18T16:37:45","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T16:37:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=8209"},"modified":"2025-10-20T16:48:05","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T16:48:05","slug":"hilar-bir-yerlesim-yeri-olarak-neden-secildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=8209","title":{"rendered":"Hilar bir yerle\u015fim yeri olarak neden se\u00e7ildi?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n, tarih\u00e7ilerin, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n, gazetecilerin ve merakl\u0131lar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7eken, Hilar ma\u011faralar\u0131 ve \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc Tepesi\/ Qot\u00e9 Ber\u00e7\u00e9m ile \u00fcnl\u00fc Hilar k\u00f6y\u00fc neden bir yerle\u015fim yeri olarak se\u00e7ildi?
Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez\u2019in Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131n 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan On Bin Y\u0131ll\u0131k Tarihin Tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 H\u0130LAR kitab\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.
Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yazarlar\u0131m\u0131zdan M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez bu konuyu detayl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p kitab\u0131nda nedenlerini bir bir s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lgili k\u0131sm\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi sunuyoruz:Hilar\u2019\u0131n Yerle\u015fim Yeri Olarak Se\u00e7ilmesinin Nedenleri?
Do\u011fada b\u00fct\u00fcn olu\u015fumlar, g\u00f6receli olarak, ihtiya\u00e7 ve tepki sonucu, neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n Hilar\u2019\u0131 ilk yerle\u015fim yerlerinden biri olarak se\u00e7mesi de, do\u011fal \u00e7evresinin uygun olu\u015fu ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na cevap vermesindendir.
Hilar\u2019\u0131n iklim, co\u011fraf\u00ee \u00f6zellik ve do\u011fal \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yerle\u015fik bir d\u00fczene ge\u00e7ilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok uygun oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bir da\u011f\u0131n ete\u011finde ve havadar bir yerde bulunmas\u0131, kenar\u0131ndan bir \u00e7ay\u0131n ge\u00e7mesi, g\u00fcney ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda me\u015felik ve kayal\u0131klar\u0131n olmas\u0131, tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli geni\u015f topraklarla \u00e7evrili olmas\u0131, hayvanlar i\u00e7in geni\u015f otlaklar\u0131n olmas\u0131 bir yerle\u015fim yeri olarak se\u00e7ilmesinde etken olmu\u015ftur: Hilar\u2019\u0131n akarsu kenar\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131, ikliminin elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131, kayalar\u0131n ma\u011faral\u0131 olu\u015fu, a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131 ve topra\u011f\u0131n tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131, avlanma i\u00e7in gerekli olan yaban hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n bollu\u011fu \u00fcretime ilk ge\u00e7i\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda insanlara besinlerini kolayca sa\u011flama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7ok elveri\u015fli bir ya\u015fam ortam\u0131 sunmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca kayalar\u0131n ve ma\u011faralar\u0131n i\u00e7inde gizlenilebilen, korunakl\u0131 olu\u015flar\u0131 da ayr\u0131 bir avantaj sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u0130bn Haldun, Mukaddime adl\u0131 eserinde, yerle\u015fim yerleri se\u00e7ilirken, \u015fehirler kurulurken dikkat edilecek hususlar\u0131 k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klar:
1) \u015eehir g\u00fcvenli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015fman veya rakip kavimlere kar\u015f\u0131 kolay savunulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle da\u011flar\u0131n tepelerine kurulmal\u0131 ve etraf\u0131 surlarla \u00e7evrilmelidir.
2) \u015eehir havas\u0131 iyi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131tma, veba, akci\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klara neden olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in batakl\u0131k, pis kokulu su kenarlar\u0131, rutubetli yerlerden uzak durulmal\u0131d\u0131r.
3) \u0130\u00e7me ve kullan\u0131m su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n teminini sa\u011flayacak temiz su kaynaklar\u0131na yak\u0131n olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
4) Hayvanlar i\u00e7in geni\u015f otlak alanlar\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
5) Tar\u0131m ve ba\u011f bah\u00e7e i\u00e7in ekilebilir topraklar olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
6) \u015eehir kurarken, yap\u0131 malzemeleri ve yak\u0131t\u0131n (odun vs…) kolay temin edilebilece\u011fi bir yer \u00f6zelli\u011finde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Vs…
\u0130lk yerle\u015fim yerlerinin, ilk uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n da\u011f eteklerinde mi, \u0131rmak kenarlar\u0131nda m\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011fu konusunda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve bilim insanlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahipler:
Prof. V. Gordon Childe, Do\u011fu\u2019nun Prehistoryas\u0131 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bask\u0131s\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u2019de: \u201cMedeniyet -\u015fehir hayat\u0131, yaz\u0131, kanun, matematik- b\u00fcy\u00fck nehir vadilerinde -Nil, Dicle, F\u0131rat, \u0130ndus- do\u011fmu\u015ftur ve yaln\u0131z buralarda do\u011fabilirdi\u201d diye yazmaktad\u0131r. Hikmet K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131 da, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, Tarih Tezi\u2019nde medeniyetler \u201cdo\u011frudan do\u011fruya b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0131rmak boylar\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015flard\u0131r\u201d diye yazar.
M. \u0130lin ve E. Segal, \u0130nsan Nas\u0131l \u0130nsan Oldu\u2019da, ilkel insan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler, genel olarak bir \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n su basmayan y\u00fcksek k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunurdu: Irmak, insan\u0131n hem su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar, hem de k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda alet yapmak i\u00e7in gerekli malzemeyi, yani ta\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flar diye yazmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Ord. Prof. Dr. Benno Landsberger de, \u201cMezopotamya\u2019da Medeniyetlerin Do\u011fu\u015fu\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da\u011f eteklerinden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve oralardan yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir: \u201c… ta\u015f devrinden sonraki ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck uygarl\u0131k at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nehir vadilerinde de\u011fil de, en \u00f6nce da\u011f eteklerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlar. \u0130\u015fte bu uygarl\u0131k da\u011f eteklerinden nehir kenarlar\u0131na inmi\u015ftir.
\u201dBerlin Frei Universit\u00e4t \u00d6n Asya Arkeoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Chicago Do\u011fu Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Hans J. Nissen, Ana Hatlar\u0131yla Mezopotamya adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, ilk yerle\u015fimlerin \u201cy\u00fczeyi \u00e7ok farkl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f yani her \u015feyden \u00f6nce da\u011flar ve tepe olu\u015fumlar\u0131 bulunan y\u00f6relerde rastlanmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr\u201d diye yazmaktad\u0131r.
Tor\u00ee ise, K\u00fcrt K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihi adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, tah\u0131l yeti\u015ftirme, \u00e7anak-\u00e7\u00f6mlek\u00e7ilik, \u015fehir isk\u00e2n\u0131, s\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n zenginli\u011fi gibi yeni ta\u015f devrinden sonraki ilk uygarl\u0131k at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n nehir vadilerinde de\u011fil, da\u011f eteklerinde do\u011fdu\u011funu belirtir ve uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da\u011f eteklerinden nehir kenarlar\u0131na indi\u011fini yazar.
Jared Diamond, insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n yazg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 konu alan T\u00fcfek, Mikrop ve \u00c7elik adl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda, \u201cBereketli Hilal\u2019de yiyecek \u00fcretimi ve k\u00f6y hayat\u0131 d\u00fczl\u00fcklerdeki \u0131rmak yataklar\u0131nda de\u011fil da\u011flarda ve tepelerde\u201d ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazar.
Sonu\u00e7 itibariyle ister V. Gordon Childe, Hikmet K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131 ve M. \u0130lin-E. Segal\u2019in, ister Benno Landsberger, Hans J. Nissen, Jared Diamond, Tor\u00ee\u2019nin yazd\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011fru olsun; Hilar, hem da\u011flar\u0131n ete\u011finde, kayalar\u0131n aras\u0131nda, hem de Bo\u011faz \u00c7ay\u0131 gibi bir \u00e7aya \u00e7ok yak\u0131n -su kenar\u0131nda- insanlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilecekleri bir yerdir. Bu durum, do\u011fal \u00e7evre a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilk yerle\u015fime \u00e7ok uygun bir yer olma niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yer se\u00e7iminin hi\u00e7 de tesad\u00fcf\u00ee olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.
G\u00f6\u00e7ebelik, kentli ve uygar ya\u015fam\u0131n bir \u00f6nceki devresidir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n yerle\u015fik hayat \u00f6ncesinde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imidir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7ebelikten kurtulup topluluklar halinde, birlikte yerle\u015fik halde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla k\u00f6ylerin, kentlerin imar\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birlikte ya\u015famak, toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n zorunlulu\u011fundan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130bn Haldun\u2019a g\u00f6re, yerle\u015fik bir d\u00fczene ge\u00e7ilecek k\u00f6y ve \u015fehirleri kurmak i\u00e7in, \u00f6ncelikle baz\u0131 topraklar\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmesi, elde tutulmas\u0131, korunmas\u0131 ve sonra da egemenli\u011fin peki\u015ftirilmesi l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. Topraklar\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmesi, \u015fehirlerin kurulmas\u0131 ve devletlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131; yenme ve korunman\u0131n ancak koruyan birinin buyru\u011fu ve komutas\u0131nda, birbirini sava\u015fa, kavgaya te\u015fvik eden, kand\u0131ran ve ba\u015flar\u0131nda bulunan liderleri i\u00e7in canlar\u0131n\u0131 feda ederek sava\u015fmaya haz\u0131r topluluklar\u0131n, yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131n yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla olmu\u015ftur.
Tarihte var olan yerle\u015fim yerlerinin her biri, ilk yerle\u015fenlerce veya i\u015fgal edenlerce topra\u011fa ak\u0131l yoluyla uydurulmu\u015f, bir bi\u00e7im verilmi\u015ftir. Hilarl\u0131lar da g\u00fcvenilir, do\u011fa ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve d\u0131\u015ftan gelecek tehlikelere kar\u015f\u0131 uygun, fazla masraf ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc harcamadan, haz\u0131r var olan ma\u011faralar\u0131, yerle\u015fim i\u00e7in uygun hale getirmi\u015ftir diyebiliriz.
Hilar, \u015fimdi s\u0131radan bir k\u00f6y olabilir, ama unutmayal\u0131m: Tarihte nice kentler, ba\u015fkentler, devletler yok olmu\u015f, haritadan silinmi\u015ftir. Hilar hi\u00e7 de\u011filse hem yerle\u015fim yeri olarak ve hem de tarih\u00ee kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcne dek s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Bug\u00fcn ma\u011faralar, kaya kabartmalar\u0131 ve Qot\u00e9 Ber\u00e7\u00e9m\/\u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019nden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan kaz\u0131 buluntular\u0131 olmasayd\u0131, bizler Hilar\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok eski ve de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yerle\u015fim yeri oldu\u011funu bilemeyecektik; \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc de buluntular\u0131yla uygarl\u0131k tarihine o muazzam katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sunamayacakt\u0131.
Bizler, tarihin tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan tarih\u00ee eser ve kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel varl\u0131klar\u0131, bilgi ve belgeleri korumak ve g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kartmakla g\u00f6revliyiz. (Sayfa 22-25) M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcZ\u00dcLMEZ<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18 Ekim 2025 tarihinde:<\/strong>
https:\/\/www.erganihaber.net\/haber\/11240\/hilar-bir-yerlesim-yeri-olarak-neden-secildi.html
yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

Benno Landsberger<\/a>, <\/span>ergani<\/a>, <\/span>Hans J. Nissen<\/a>, <\/span>Hikmet K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>hilar<\/a>, <\/span>Jared Diamond<\/a>, <\/span>M. \u0130lin-E. Segal\u2019in<\/a>, <\/span>Qot\u00e9 Ber\u00e7\u00e9m\/\u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc<\/a>, <\/span>Tor\u00ee<\/a>, <\/span>V. Gordon Childe<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n, tarih\u00e7ilerin, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n, gazetecilerin ve merakl\u0131lar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7eken, Hilar ma\u011faralar\u0131 ve \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc Tepesi\/ Qot\u00e9 Ber\u00e7\u00e9m ile \u00fcnl\u00fc Hilar k\u00f6y\u00fc neden bir yerle\u015fim yeri olarak se\u00e7ildi?Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez\u2019in Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131n 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan On Bin Y\u0131ll\u0131k Tarihin Tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 H\u0130LAR kitab\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yazarlar\u0131m\u0131zdan M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez bu konuyu detayl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p kitab\u0131nda nedenlerini bir bir s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lgili k\u0131sm\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi sunuyoruz:Hilar\u2019\u0131n Yerle\u015fim Yeri Olarak Se\u00e7ilmesinin Nedenleri?Do\u011fada b\u00fct\u00fcn olu\u015fumlar, g\u00f6receli olarak, ihtiya\u00e7 ve tepki sonucu, neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n Hilar\u2019\u0131 ilk yerle\u015fim yerlerinden biri olarak se\u00e7mesi de, do\u011fal \u00e7evresinin uygun olu\u015fu ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na cevap vermesindendir.Hilar\u2019\u0131n iklim, co\u011fraf\u00ee<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1321],"tags":[5214,129,5212,1202,892,1220,5213,5210,5215,5211],"class_list":["post-8209","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-basinda","tag-benno-landsberger","tag-ergani","tag-hans-j-nissen","tag-hikmet-kivilcimli","tag-hilar","tag-jared-diamond","tag-m-ilin-e-segalin","tag-qote-bercem-cayonu","tag-tori","tag-v-gordon-childe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8209","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8209"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8209\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8213,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8209\/revisions\/8213"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8209"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8209"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}