{"id":7655,"date":"2024-07-05T17:24:43","date_gmt":"2024-07-05T17:24:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=7655"},"modified":"2026-02-24T13:22:58","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T13:22:58","slug":"eski-zamanlarda-ucevler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=7655","title":{"rendered":"Eski Zamanlarda \u00dc\u00e7evler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

                 \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de herkesin yerine n\u00f6bete kalan Anam Hava \u00dcz\u00fclmez\u2019e\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

h\u00fcz\u00fcn sar\u0131nca
kayan bir y\u0131ld\u0131z gibi d\u00fc\u015fersin akl\u0131ma.
ahhh\u2026 \u00fc\u00e7evler\u2026
dut a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde kald\u0131 gen\u00e7li\u011fim.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler<\/strong>; Makam Da\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan bazen \u00e7ok sert, bazen de serin esen r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n dokunu\u015fuyla ok\u015fanan, ya\u015fam\u0131mda ge\u00e7mi\u015fe do\u011fru uzanan biraz puslu, biraz silik, biraz da duru hik\u00e2yelerin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131r; Makam Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ete\u011finde, Goconun Tepesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bah\u00e7eler i\u00e7inde Saray Mahallesi\u2019nin bitim noktas\u0131nda yer al\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fumun, deli dolu gen\u00e7li\u011fimin \u00f6zg\u00fcr fukara mek\u00e2n\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131n hayali g\u00f6zlerimin \u00f6n\u00fcnde. Bahar geldi\u011finde bah\u00e7elerimiz gelinlik gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar gibi s\u00fcslenirdi. \u00c7i\u00e7ek kokular\u0131, ku\u015flar\u0131n c\u0131v\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131, Abdullah dede ve Zeki amcan\u0131n ar\u0131 kovanlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan ar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0131z\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131 her taraf\u0131 sarard\u0131. G\u00f6n\u00fclleri ho\u015f duygular doldururdu. Geceler, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131 ve b\u00f6ceklerin \u00f6t\u00fc\u015flerinin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7ek kokard\u0131, ay geceyi g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fe boyard\u0131. O zamanlar ay\u0131n \u015favk\u0131 alt\u0131nda bol y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc seyretmek \u00e7ok g\u00fczeldi. Bir \u015fark\u0131yd\u0131. Hele geceleri uzun kavak a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sal\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2026 Yapraklar\u0131n aras\u0131na gizlenmi\u015f olan huzur ve h\u00fcz\u00fcn yapraklar\u0131n h\u0131\u015f\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131yla geceleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. A\u011fa\u00e7lar hep birlikte sonsuzlu\u011fun \u015fark\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerdi. Yapraklar\u0131n h\u0131\u015f\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131na c\u0131rc\u0131r b\u00f6cekleri e\u015flik ederdi. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019deki kavak a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n alacakaranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ye\u015filimsi ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck y\u0131ld\u0131zlar gibi \u0131\u015f\u0131ldatarak titreyi\u015flerini hi\u00e7 unutamad\u0131m!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nas\u0131l unutabilirim? \u00dc\u00e7evler, salt bir toprak par\u00e7as\u0131, sosyal bir alan de\u011fil, ruhlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bi\u00e7imlendiren bir mek\u00e2nd\u0131. \u0130bn-i Haldun bo\u015funa m\u0131 \u201cco\u011frafya kaderdir<\/em>\u201d diyor. Hayat\u0131m\u0131n bahar\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de ge\u00e7ti; bende \u00f6zel bir yeri var: Ki\u015fili\u011fimi ve kimli\u011fimi olu\u015fturdu. Sonra zorunlu nedenlerle yeni yerler ve yollar aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131m, ama b\u00fct\u00fcn kap\u0131lar kapal\u0131yd\u0131 uzaklar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda. G\u00fcne\u015fin batt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ne giden yollara d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Yeni bir yer bulmak i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131karken yersiz kalaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 bilemedim. K\u00f6ks\u00fcz kenger gibi savrulup duruyorum r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n esti\u011fi y\u00f6ne do\u011fru. Yersizim, yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00fczerinden bunca y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen geceleri r\u00fcyalar\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcslemektedir h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00dc\u00e7evler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcjdeci ince uzun kanatl\u0131 k\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7lar her g\u00fcz;
Baharda yeniden d\u00f6nmek \u00fczere yuvalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p giderler.
K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Tepenin \u00fczerinden g\u00fcne\u015f on bir bin kez do\u011fdu;
h\u00e2l\u00e2 bu umut s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00f6nemedi gurbetten, hasret sonlanmad\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015f, bitmeyen bir anlat\u0131d\u0131r; insan do\u011fdu\u011fu yerden, memleketinden, akrabalar\u0131ndan uzaklara d\u00fc\u015fer ve ya\u015f\u0131 da orta ya\u015f\u0131 a\u015farsa ge\u00e7mi\u015f yakaya yap\u0131\u015f\u0131r kopmaz, akl\u0131n bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde beyni t\u0131rmalay\u0131p durur. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kalan g\u00fcnler, imge olarak h\u00fczn\u00fcn sal\u0131nca\u011f\u0131nda gezinir ve an\u0131lar bir bir s\u00f6k\u00fcn ediverir. An\u0131lar\u0131n bu s\u00f6k\u00fcn edi\u015fini f\u0131rsat bilerek zaman\u0131 geriye do\u011fru kayd\u0131r\u0131p yeniyetmelik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn ser\u00fcvenlerini ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu kendi halindeki mek\u00e2n\u0131, \u00f6zelliklede 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 ve sonras\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeleri kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u0131sa notlar halinde, insan\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131 insan\u0131 yan\u0131ltabilir notunu d\u00fc\u015ferek yazman\u0131n iyi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum: Bir zamanlar hep s\u00fcrecekmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ve bu y\u00fczden de de\u011feri bilinmeyen \u015feyleri anlataca\u011f\u0131m. \u015eimdi arad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015feyleri\u2026 Biliyorum, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kalm\u0131\u015f bulan\u0131k an\u0131lar\u0131, yok olmu\u015f bir yeri anlatmak \u00e7ok zor, ama denemeliyim. An\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ekmecesini a\u00e7arak belki de \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumun unutulmu\u015f duygulanmalar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden bulurum bu sayede. O halde gelin hep birlikte biraz zamanda yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u00dc\u00e7evler ismi nereden geliyor?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNereye bir ad verilmi\u015fse, bir sebebi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in o ad oraya verilmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnyada sebepsiz verilmi\u015f hi\u00e7bir ad yoktur.<\/em>\u201d \u0130m\u00e2m\u00ee<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ergani \u00e7ok eski bir yerle\u015fim yeridir. Makam da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ete\u011fine kuruluydu. Osmanl\u0131 Sanca\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. 1846 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ergani Sanca\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n ismi Erganimaden Sanca\u011f\u0131<\/strong> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilip sancak merkezinin Ergani\u2019den Maden\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan d\u00f6nemin Diyarbak\u0131r Valisi Kurt \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Pa\u015fa (1867-1875) zaman\u0131nda Diyarbak\u0131r-Elaz\u0131\u011f \u015eose Yolu<\/strong>\u2019nun (Karayolu\u2019nun) Ergani\u2019de \u015fuandaki bulundu\u011fu yerden ge\u00e7irilmesiyle Makam Da\u011f\u0131 ete\u011findeki eski yerle\u015fim yeri, yani as\u0131l Ergani \u00f6nemini yitirdi. Daha sonra ya\u015fanan \u201cErmeni olay\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden H\u0131ristiyan halk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcnce ticaret ve el sanatlar\u0131 canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. N\u00fcfus azald\u0131. Belirtilen sebeplerden halk ticaret ve ula\u015f\u0131m zorlu\u011fu \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca Ba\u011f\u00fcr k\u00f6y\u00fc (\u015fimdiki Nam\u0131k Kemal Mahallesi[1]<\/strong><\/a>) civar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130lk olarak Gregi\u2019nin Meyhanesi ile Musa Bey\u2019in Han\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Nahiye M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Kahraman Efendi nahiye merkezini de Kahraman Efendi\u2019nin kona\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131 ile yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 binaya nakletti<\/em>.\u201d[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7, 1920 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra daha da h\u0131zland\u0131. Cumhuriyetle birlikte, k\u0131sa zamanda \u015fimdi harabe olan ve Eski Ergani olarak an\u0131lan tarihi kasaba tamamen bo\u015falmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Diyarbekir vilayetinde vaki Ergani kazas\u0131n\u0131n manzaras\u0131. Y\u0131l: 1315 (1897)
Kaynak: Muzaffer bin Fuad (\u00c7iftlik\u00e2t-\u0131 H\u00fcmay\u00fbn-u Askeriye m\u00fcfetti\u015fi)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDuman\u0131n havada, k\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn suda iz b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi,<\/em>\u201d eski kasaba hi\u00e7bir iz b\u0131rakmadan yok oldu. Devlet dairelerinin, tarihi kalenin, camilerin, medreselerin, kiliselerin, manast\u0131rlar\u0131n, evlerin, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve H\u0131ristiyan mezarlar\u0131n\u0131n kesme ta\u015flar\u0131 baz\u0131 insanlar taraf\u0131ndan e\u015feklerle ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131p yeni kurulan kasabada ev yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece eski kasaba zaman i\u00e7inde viranla\u015f\u0131p harabeye d\u00f6nd\u00fc, Yeni Ergani\u2019de kendisini yeniden var etti. Mek\u00e2n\u0131ndan, tarihinden, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyal kimli\u011finden koparak yeni bir mek\u00e2nda, farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda da yeni bir idari d\u00fczenlemeyle sancaklar kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Vilayet, kaza, nahiye, kasaba, k\u00f6y \u015feklinde idari d\u00fczenlemeye ge\u00e7ildi. Erganimaden Sanca\u011f\u0131<\/em> la\u011fvedildi ve sancak b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek Ergani<\/em> (Osmaniye<\/em>) il\u00e7e olarak Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019a, Maden ise Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019a ba\u011fland\u0131.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

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(Yeni) Ergani\u2019nin<\/em> kurulu\u015funa dair bir belge<\/em>. Belgede k\u0131saca: Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Ergani kasabas\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Bak\u00fcr (Ba\u011f\u00fcr) k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc te\u015fkil eden evlere yak\u0131n bir mahalde arazi-i emiriye \u00fczerine ev ve d\u00fckk\u00e2n gibi bina in\u015faa olunarak orada bir kasaba te\u015fkiline izin verilerek ad\u0131n\u0131n da Osmaniye (Ergani) olarak belirlendi\u011fi yaz\u0131lmakta.<\/em>
Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k-Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Tarih: 18\/Za\/1306 (Hicr\u00ee)-[16 Temmuz 1889 (Miladi)], Dosya No:1639, G\u00f6mlek No:2, Fon Kodu: DH.MKT<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski Ergani\u2019den a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya, bug\u00fcn bulunan yere g\u00f6\u00e7 ba\u015flay\u0131nca C\u00fcma dede de Yukar\u0131 \u015eehir\u2019de G\u00fcll\u00fck<\/em>\u2019te bulunan evini, dedeleri Kavas Mehmed\u2019den kendilerine miras kalan arazileri \u00fczerine, bug\u00fcn \u00dc\u00e7evler<\/strong> olarak bilinen yere karg\u0131r, y\u0131\u011fma ta\u015flardan \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6zl\u00fc kul\u00fcbeye benzer bir ev yaparak ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. \u00d6n taraftaki iki g\u00f6zde kendisi, arka b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise hayvanlar kal\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131 Zekeriya, Abdullah, Hava, Rahime, Sido Yukar\u0131 \u015eehir\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015flard\u0131r. Daha sonra bu evin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131na Yukar\u0131 \u015eehir\u2019de \u00f6len karde\u015fi Mehmed\u2019in e\u015fi Minto Nene ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Ali, Bekir, Seher, Kemo\u2026 i\u00e7in kul\u00fcbeye benzer bir ev daha yapar. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fumda bu eve Minto (Mintehar) Nenenin Evi deniliyordu. Ard\u0131ndan C\u00fcma dedenin amcas\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu K\u00f6r C\u00fcmo (S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct), C\u00fcma dedenin evinin do\u011fu taraf\u0131na bir ev yapm\u0131\u015f. \u0130\u015fte bu yap\u0131lan ilk \u00fc\u00e7 evden dolay\u0131 bu mek\u00e2na \u00dc\u00e7evler <\/strong>denilmi\u015ftir.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

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(Yeni)<\/em> Ergani\u2019nin kurulu\u015funa dair ikinci bir belge<\/em>. Belgede k\u0131saca: Ergani’nin Bak\u00fcri (Ba\u011f\u00fcr) karyesinde (k\u00f6y\u00fcnde) kurulan kasabaya Osmaniye ad\u0131 verilmesi istenmekte.<\/em>
Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k-Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Tarih: 22\/Z\/1306 (Hicr\u00ee)-[16 Temmuz 1889 (Miladi)], Dosya No:1649, G\u00f6mlek No:45, Fon Kodu: DH.MKT.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00fcma dedenin karde\u015fi Abbas dede \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de ev yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u00f6nce kasabada Meydan\u2019a yak\u0131n bir yerde ev yapm\u0131\u015f, sonra da bunu satarak B\u00fcy\u00fckbah\u00e7e\u2019deki kendi kergesine yerle\u015fmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sofibekirlerin buraya ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 tahminen 1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda olmu\u015f. K\u00f6r Cumo daha sonra evini y\u0131k\u0131p kasabaya, Saray Mahallesi Be\u015fikta\u015f Caddesi \u00fczerine ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Sonralar\u0131, 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda C\u00fcma dedenin evinin bat\u0131s\u0131na Zekeriya amca, do\u011fusuna da Abdullah dede kendi evlerini yapm\u0131\u015flar. Ard\u0131ndan da Ali ve Bekir amcalar Abdullah dedenin evinin do\u011fu taraf\u0131na ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 birer ev yapm\u0131\u015flar. Ali ve Bekir amcalar daha sonra 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda buradaki evlerini b\u0131rak\u0131p kendi hisselerine d\u00fc\u015fen arazinin alt taraf\u0131nda Saray Mahallesi\u2019nin bitiminde, \u00c7iftp\u0131nar\/\u00c7\u00fctp\u0131nar<\/em> Yolu kenar\u0131nda ta\u015ftan iki katl\u0131 birer g\u00fczel ev yapm\u0131\u015flar. Ben eski evleri g\u00f6rmedim, ama Bekir amcan\u0131n evinin harabesini g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Ali amcan\u0131n evinin yerine ise Yahya amcan\u0131n ev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmekteydi.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Cami-i Kebir\u2019in Kap\u0131s\u0131. Y\u0131l: 2015.
Lehvada caminin 1921\u2019de yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lmakta.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda Abbas Dedenin Tarlas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na yak\u0131n yerde kendi arazisine Mehmed dedenin k\u0131z\u0131 Seher (G\u00fclbahar) Bac\u0131, Zekeriya amcan\u0131n biti\u015fi\u011fine de Abbas dedenin o\u011flu Mehmet day\u0131 birer ev yapm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Babamla anam 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda evlendiklerinde Abdullah dedenin yan\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flar. Evlenmelerinden iki-\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra C\u00fcma dede vefat etmi\u015f. C\u00fcma dedenin vefat\u0131ndan 5-6 y\u0131l sonra C\u00fcma dedenin evi \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f. \u00d6n tarafta Minto neneye biti\u015fik olan odaya d\u0131\u015ftan bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131larak C\u00fcma dedenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc e\u015fi Esma neneye bir eve yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Esma nene buraya ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Abdullah dedenin evine olan taraftaki k\u0131s\u0131m ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir taraf\u0131 aral\u0131k<\/em>, di\u011fer taraf\u0131 oda olacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve anamla babam buraya ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar. Evin arka k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki ahur<\/em>u\/ah\u0131r\u0131 ise Abdullah dede kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00fcma dedenin evine ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131nca Esma nene bu evle birlikte C\u00fcma dedenin bir el b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim<\/strong>\u2019ini babama vermi\u015f. Anam da \u00f6zenle saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda bana verdi. K\u0131sacas\u0131 C\u00fcma dedenin bu yadig\u00e2r\u0131 \u015fu an bende.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Y\u0131l: 1918. Osmaniye (Ergani)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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Foto\u011fraf\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda Almanca \u201cOsmaniye (Alman b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6revden \u00e7ekili\u015fi, kapan\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc)\u201d yaz\u0131yor. Almanlar 1917\u2019de Ergani ve Maden\u2019e gelir, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda yenilince 1918\u2019de tas\u0131n\u0131 tara\u011f\u0131n\u0131 toplay\u0131p gitmi\u015ftir.<\/em>[5]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda Eski Ergani<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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2015\u2019te (yok olan) Eski Ergani<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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Tarih: 11.04.1937. (Yeni) Ergani\u2019den bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm.           Foto: Veysi Say<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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Y\u0131l 1965. Ergani\u2019den bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm.                                  Foto: Adil \u00d6zt\u00fcrk<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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Y\u0131l: 1965. Ergani\u2019nin genel bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc.                       Foto: Adil \u00d6zr\u00fcrk<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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Y\u0131l: 2004. (Ergani) \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019den bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm.        Foto: M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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2. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019deki evlerin durumu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYazd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu unuttuklar\u0131mdan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131m<\/em>.\u201d[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ben kendimi bildim bileli C\u00fcma dedenin evinde hep biz kald\u0131k. Ben ve Ali Haydar Abdullah dedenin evinde do\u011fmu\u015fuz; Mitat, G\u00fclnaz, \u015eahin, Y\u00fcksel, Filiz ve \u015eadan karde\u015flerim C\u00fcma dededen kalan evde do\u011fmu\u015flar. Ama hepimiz C\u00fcma dedenin evinde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck. Ev, y\u0131\u011fma ta\u015flardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f toprak bir damd\u0131. Bir aral\u0131k<\/em> denilen salon ve bir oturma odas\u0131, birde oturma odas\u0131n\u0131n arka k\u0131sm\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fterek kullan\u0131lan kiler ve mutfaktan olu\u015fan b\u00f6lmelerinden olu\u015fuyordu. Bu b\u00f6lmelerin arka taraf\u0131nda, hezan<\/em> denen a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yan direkler dikilerek bizim oturma alan\u0131 olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z alan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir ahur<\/em> (ah\u0131r) vard\u0131. K\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ahurun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Abdullah dedenin koyunlar\u0131 ve anam\u0131n ine\u011fi kal\u0131rd\u0131. Di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ise ot, saman ve k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k odun, bi\u015fme<\/em> kazan\u0131 ve te\u015ft<\/em> (le\u011fen) gibi kap kacak konulurdu. Ahurun kap\u0131s\u0131 aral\u0131k dedi\u011fimiz salona a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Hayvanlar k\u0131\u015f\u0131n bu kap\u0131dan iki \u00fc\u00e7 kez \u00e7\u0131kar, iki \u00fc\u00e7 kez de girerdi. Her girip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda kap kacaklar\u0131 devirir ya da k\u0131rard\u0131, yetmezmi\u015f gibi idrar ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lar\u0131yla aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 pisletirlerdi. Anam \u00e7ileden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Babam, Abdullah dede, Zekeriya amca, Yahya amca hepsi ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve duvar ustas\u0131yd\u0131. Ama ahurun yan duvar\u0131ndan bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7ma fikri hi\u00e7 birinin akl\u0131na gelmedi. \u00c7ok sonra yan duvardan bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ak\u0131llar\u0131na geldi. 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda ise babam evin \u00f6n\u00fcne ufak bir ahur yapt\u0131. Anam inek ve tavuklar\u0131n\u0131, babam g\u00fcvercinlerini burada beslemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Yazlar\u0131 kimin can\u0131 isterse bu ahur<\/em>un dam\u0131nda uyurdu. Oturdu\u011fumuz evin taban\u0131 kitre denen re\u00e7ineyle bahar aylar\u0131nda veya sonbaharda kaygan avu\u00e7 i\u00e7ine s\u0131\u011fan z\u0131k\u0131l<\/em> ta\u015f\u0131yla z\u0131k\u0131llan\u0131p (s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p) cam gibi sert ve p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Evin duvarlar\u0131 a\u011f\/ak toprak<\/em>la badana edilirdi. Aral\u0131kta kap\u0131n\u0131n hemen yan\u0131nda taban\u0131 ve yanlar\u0131 \u00e7imentoyla s\u0131vanm\u0131\u015f suluk<\/em> denilen bir k\u0131s\u0131m bulunurdu. Yan\u0131na her zaman i\u00e7mek i\u00e7in bir su k\u00fcp\u00fc veya desti<\/em> (testi) konulurdu. Suluk dedi\u011fimiz bu yerde elimizi y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc y\u0131kar, kaplar y\u0131kan\u0131r ve kazanlarda \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan su ile burada banyo yapard\u0131k. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklara k\u0131\u015f\u0131n oturma odas\u0131nda soban\u0131n yan\u0131na konulan le\u011fende banyolar\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Aral\u0131kta ayr\u0131ca bir kara ocah <\/em>(ocak) vard\u0131. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n, ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve so\u011fuk havalarda burada yemek ve ekmek pi\u015firilir, banyo ve \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r suyu kaynat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, yaz\u0131n ise evin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunan kozik<\/em>teki[7]<\/a> ocakta bu i\u015fler yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Yemekler bazen de kap\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde mantiz<\/em>da[8]<\/a> pi\u015firilirdi. Milattan \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fc Romal\u0131 ozan Vergilius sanki \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumda benimle birlikte \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f\u00e7as\u0131na tarihin derinli\u011finden gelen tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile o g\u00fcnler \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBir oca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131r, ya\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131ralar\u0131m\u0131z,
Bol bol ate\u015fimiz,
S\u00fcresiz sisten kararm\u0131\u015f kap\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z
Vard\u0131r burada<\/em>.\u201d[9]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evlerde kullan\u0131lan kap kaca\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc bak\u0131rd\u0131: Kazan, te\u015ft, le\u011fen\/lengeri, kevgir\/s\u00fczge\u00e7, sini, ku\u015f\u011fana<\/em>\/tencere, tava, \u00fcsk\u00fcre\/tas, su tas\u0131, tabak ve daha niceleri. Sadece k\u00fcpler, su testisi ve g\u00fcve\u00e7 kab\u0131 topraktand\u0131. Sonralar\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da porselen tabaklar sofralar\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda al\u00fcminyum, \u00e7inko emaye ve plastik kaplar ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131za girdi ve bunlar sonradan bak\u0131r kaplar\u0131n pabucunu dama att\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kilerde bulunan k\u00fcpler o zamanlar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck ve renklerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015firdi. Renk olarak kil renkli ve ye\u015fil olmak \u00fczere iki t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Kil renkli olanlara genellikle un ve bulgur gibi zahire\/tah\u0131l \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, kesme, sucuk, pestil gibi yemi\u015fler; ye\u015fil renkli ve s\u0131rl\u0131 olanlara ise ya\u011f, kavurma, peynir, pekmez b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u201cBizim oralarda zenginlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc, kilerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kilerdeki k\u00fcp say\u0131s\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n da g\u00f6bekli ya da s\u0131ska olu\u015flar\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/em>\u201d[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazlar\u0131 serin oldu\u011fundan genellikle aral\u0131kta otururduk. Duvar diplerine minder ve yast\u0131klar konulurdu. Tek odam\u0131z ise bizim her \u015feyimizdi; burada kahvalt\u0131 yapar, yemek yer, oturur, oyun oynar, bo\u011fu\u015fur, ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, misafir a\u011f\u0131rlar ve yatard\u0131k. Yemeklerimizi yer sofras\u0131nda, ba\u011fda\u015f kurarak topluca yerdik. Odam\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6n cephesinde bulunan yakla\u015f\u0131k 60×80 cm boyutundaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir pencere ayd\u0131nlanmay\u0131 sa\u011flard\u0131. Kap\u0131lar dar ve al\u00e7akt\u0131. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ok kar ya\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015fiddetli tipi oldu\u011fu zamanlar kap\u0131 ve penceremiz kardan kapan\u0131rd\u0131. Karanl\u0131kta mahsur kal\u0131rd\u0131k. Abdullah dede ya da Yahya veya Zeki amca karlar\u0131 k\u00fcrekle temizleyerek bizleri kar\u0131n esaretinden kurtar\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n

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M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez. Y\u0131l: 1973.
\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019deki evimizin \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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Pencerenin dibinde duvar boyunca tahta sedir<\/em> uzan\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n sedirin \u00fczerine minder serilir, duvarlara gelen k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na da yast\u0131klar yerle\u015ftirilirdi. Yast\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fczerinde elle i\u015flenmi\u015f g\u00fcllerin ye\u015fil yapraklar\u0131 ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ku\u015f gagalar\u0131 yast\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcsleyerek e\u015fyas\u0131z evimizi zenginle\u015ftirirdi. Minderlere alaca bez<\/em> serilerek, yast\u0131klara kanavi\u00e7e i\u015flemeli beyaz k\u0131l\u0131flar ge\u00e7irilerek sedir g\u00fczelle\u015ftirilirdi. Anam\u0131n evinde bunlar halen var. Misafirler geldi\u011finde mutlaka sedirde oturtulurdu. Yere hal\u0131 serilmezdi, kilim serilirdi. Duvara Kahveci G\u00fczeli<\/em> duvar hal\u0131s\u0131 as\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Yan duvar diplerine minder ve s\u00fcsl\u00fc yast\u0131klar konulurdu. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n odun sobas\u0131 bu odada yanard\u0131. \u00dc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131dan veya okuldan geldi\u011fimizde hemen soban\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na toplan\u0131rd\u0131k. Sobadan d\u00fc\u015febilecek k\u00f6z ve k\u00fclden kilimleri korumak ve de kirlenmeyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in sobalar\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda sac veya tenekeyle kapl\u0131 tahtadan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f soba altl\u0131klar\u0131 olurdu. Soba altl\u0131klar\u0131 Abdullah dedenin vurdu\u011fu dav\u015fanlar\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015fte kurutulmu\u015f arka ayaklar\u0131yla (f\u0131r\u00e7a gibi kullan\u0131larak) temizlenirdi. Temizlenen k\u00fcl ve pislikler ate\u015fk\u00fcre\u011fi denilen car\u0131t<\/em>la al\u0131narak d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya, kap\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011fe at\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Odan\u0131n arka duvar\u0131nda y\u00fckl\u00fck<\/em> dedi\u011fimiz bir yer vard\u0131. Yatak ve yorganlar buraya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r ve y\u00fckl\u00fck desenli bir perdeyle kapat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn evlerde y\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde mutlaka ceviz a\u011fac\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00c7eyiz Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em> bulunurdu. \u00c7eyiz Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde genellikle kad\u0131nlara ait \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli giysiler, nesneler ve s\u00fcslenme malzemeleri yer al\u0131rd\u0131. Sand\u0131ktaki nesnelerin g\u00fcve ve benzeri ha\u015ferelerden zarar g\u00f6rmemesi i\u00e7in atmosfer ortam\u0131nda kolayl\u0131kla buharla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beyaz pulcuklar bi\u00e7iminde billur yap\u0131l\u0131 naftalin denilen bir kimyasal serpi\u015ftirilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Odan\u0131n arka taraf\u0131nda kiler ve mutfak olarak kullan\u0131lan alanda kap kacaklar, k\u00fcpler ve her t\u00fcrden yiyecek malzemeleri bulunurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizim oturdu\u011fumuz evin hemen biti\u015fi\u011findeki evde Esma nene kal\u0131rd\u0131. Ev, aynen bizim oturdu\u011fumuz ev gibiydi. Y\u0131\u011fma ta\u015flardan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir dam<\/em> eviydi. Ufak bir aral\u0131k ve ufak bir odadan olu\u015fuyordu. Burada Esma nene yaln\u0131z, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na kal\u0131yordu ve \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar da burada kald\u0131. Esma nenenin evinin biti\u015fi\u011finde Minto nenenin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir evi vard\u0131. Minto nenenin evinin d\u00fczenini hat\u0131rlam\u0131yorum. Esma ve Minto neneler 1971\u2019de vefat ettiler. Bunlar\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra oturduklar\u0131 evleri babam bizim oturdu\u011fumuz eve katt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minto nenenin oturdu\u011fu evin yan\u0131nda Zekeriya amcan\u0131n iki katl\u0131 ta\u015ftan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f evi -zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re kona\u011f\u0131- y\u00fckselirdi. Tahminen 1930\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Minto nenenin evi ile aralar\u0131nda 2-3 metrelik bir bo\u015fluk vard\u0131. Ta\u015f yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fc toprak damd\u0131, arka k\u0131sm\u0131nda ise tek katl\u0131 ahur<\/em> ve samanl\u0131k<\/em> olarak kullan\u0131lan biti\u015fik bir yap\u0131 daha vard\u0131. Ev \u00f6nce tek katl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir zaman burada oturmu\u015f, daha sonra ikinci kat\u0131 yap\u0131p \u00fcst kata ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Ben tek katl\u0131 halini g\u00f6rmedim. Alt kat\u0131n giri\u015finde \u00f6rtme<\/em> dedi\u011fimiz \u00f6n taraf\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir mek\u00e2n bulunurdu. Burada bir kara ocak vard\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 duvar\u0131 ta\u015f ve kerpi\u00e7tendi. Alt kat\u0131n giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 buradayd\u0131. Kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczel ve sa\u011flamd\u0131. Demircilere \u00f6zel olarak yapt\u0131r\u0131lan desenli m\u0131h<\/em> (\u00e7ivi) ve d\u00f6kme demirli kap\u0131 tokma\u011f\u0131yla s\u00fcslenmi\u015fti. Arkas\u0131nda \u00e7engeli vard\u0131. Antika de\u011ferinde bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi sahipti. Kap\u0131, aral\u0131k dedi\u011fimiz k\u0131sma a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kap\u0131 giri\u015finde suluk, aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n Minto neneye olan taraf\u0131nda ahur, Mehmet day\u0131ya olan taraf\u0131nda oturma odas\u0131, odan\u0131n arkas\u0131nda da kiler vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bildi\u011fim kadar\u0131yla alt katta de\u011fi\u015fik tarihlerde Yahya amca (1953\u2019te), \u015eayize (U\u011fur) ablalar ve Minto nenenin torunu Kirvem Palas Musto (Mustafa G\u00fcler\/\u00dcz\u00fclmez\/d.1926-\u00f6.1992) aileleriyle birlikte kirac\u0131 olarak kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ahurda inek beslenirdi. Ayr\u0131ca Zeki amca burada yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tar<\/em>da[11]<\/a> g\u00fcvercin, tavuk ve gereze<\/em> (hint) horozu beslerdi. \u0130kinci katta \u00f6rtmenin \u00fcst\u00fc eyvan<\/em>d\u0131. Eyvana ahurun \u00f6n\u00fcnden duvara biti\u015fik \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan ta\u015f merdivenlerden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu merdivenin orta k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda ahur duvar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 20×20 cm boyutlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir pencere vard\u0131. Bu delikten g\u00fcvercinler, tavuklar girip \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca ahur hava alm\u0131\u015f olurdu. \u00dcst katta aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n kap\u0131 giri\u015finde suluk bulunurdu. Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131nda ve solunda ise odalar vard\u0131. Do\u011fuya taraf olan odan\u0131n arkas\u0131nda banyo, bat\u0131daki odan\u0131n arka k\u0131sm\u0131nda kiler mutfak yer al\u0131rd\u0131. Zekeriya amcamlar ikinci katta kal\u0131yordu. Zeki amca evlenince, o da ikinci katta bat\u0131daki odada kald\u0131. Zaten \u00e7ocuklu\u011fundan beri burada kalmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Zekeriya \u00dcz\u00fclmez\u2019in iki katl\u0131 ta\u015f yap\u0131l\u0131 evinin y\u0131k\u0131k hali. Y\u0131l:2004
Bu yap\u0131 sonradan yeni sahiplerince y\u0131k\u0131larak yerine beton bina yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evin \u00f6n\u00fcnde, merdivenlerin hemen yan\u0131nda ar\u0131\u015f<\/em> dedi\u011fimiz m\u0131sabak<\/em> \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7arda\u011f\u0131 bulunurdu. Salk\u0131m salk\u0131m \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc olurdu ve \u00fcz\u00fcmleri harikayd\u0131. \u015eado abla \u00fcz\u00fcm salk\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 koparmayal\u0131m diye salk\u0131mlar\u0131 her g\u00fcn sayar ve Zekeriya amcaya ar\u0131\u015f\u0131n dibinde n\u00f6bet tuttururdu. Ayr\u0131ca evin \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7en yolun alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda, tarlan\u0131n bat\u0131 \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda ufak bir \u00e7evrili alan vard\u0131. Burada k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apta so\u011fan, maydanoz, isot<\/em> (biber), frenk<\/em> (domates), balcan<\/em> (patl\u0131can), p\u00fcr\u00e7ikli<\/em> (havu\u00e7), turp ekilirdi. Bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde de tenekeden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir abdesthane<\/em> (tuvalet) vard\u0131. Bu abdesthane \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019in ilk tuvaletidir. 1979\u2019da Zeki amca abdesthanenin yan\u0131na bir \u00e7am a\u011fac\u0131 dikti. Bu fidan bug\u00fcn g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne y\u00fckselen yeti\u015fkin bir \u00e7am olarak r\u00fczg\u00e2rda elektrik tellerine s\u00fcrt\u00fcnerek yok olan ye\u015filli\u011fe ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fe a\u011f\u0131t yakmaktad\u0131r.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizim evin do\u011fusunda bo\u015f bir alan bulunuyordu. Bu bo\u015f olan alanda daha \u00f6nceleri K\u00f6r C\u00fcmo (S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct) ev yapm\u0131\u015f. Sonralar\u0131 bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131k sonucu buradaki evini y\u0131k\u0131p kasabaya ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Bu evi ben g\u00f6rmedim. Bizim evin do\u011fu taraf\u0131ndaki bu bo\u015fluktan sonra Abdullah dedenin ta\u015ftan yap\u0131l\u0131 iki katl\u0131 evi -zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re k\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc- vard\u0131: 1945\u2019lerde birinci kat\u0131, 1953\u2019lerde ikinci kat\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu iki katl\u0131 yap\u0131n\u0131n hemen arkas\u0131nda ise tek katl\u0131 biti\u015fik iki b\u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fck bir yap\u0131 daha vard\u0131. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc samanl\u0131k, di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc zahire<\/em> ambar\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Abdullah dedenin evinin alt kat\u0131nda, kap\u0131 giri\u015finde suluk, sulu\u011fun biraz yukar\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131nda kara ocak, sonras\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 hizada kiler kap\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyordu. Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fu taraf\u0131nda kiler, bat\u0131 taraf\u0131nda ahur vard\u0131. Kilerin arka k\u0131sm\u0131nda dedenin zahire ambar\u0131 gibi kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn giri\u015fi kilerdendi. Kilerde her cins ve boyda k\u00fcpler, yiyecekler, kap kacak olurdu. Arka k\u0131sm\u0131nda ise t\u00fcketilecek tah\u0131llar\u0131n ve tohumluk bu\u011fday, arpa, dar\u0131, nohut, mercimek, k\u00fc\u015fne i\u00e7in \u00f6zel yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve etraf\u0131 \u00e7amurla s\u0131vanm\u0131\u015f saplardan \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc kewar<\/em> denilen \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck sepetlerin ya da k\u00fcplerin i\u00e7ersinde muhafaza edilirdi. Dede muhafaza edilen tohumlar\u0131 farelerden, kar\u0131ncalardan ve damdan k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 akacak su damlalar\u0131ndan olu\u015facak zararlar\u0131ndan korumak i\u00e7in buraya g\u00f6z\u00fc gibi bakard\u0131. Ahurda e\u015fek ve \u00f6k\u00fczler bar\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Ahurun arka taraf\u0131 samanl\u0131kt\u0131. Kiler ve ahurun g\u00fcney cephelerinde 30×30 cm boyutunda birer a\u00e7\u0131k pencere bulunuyordu ve pencerelere h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131n giri\u015fini engellemek i\u00e7in yukardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru i\u015faret parma\u011f\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015fi\u015f ge\u00e7irilmi\u015fti. \u00dcst kata, i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdan, aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n arka duvar\u0131na biti\u015fik olan yerde bulunan ta\u015f merdivenlerden korkuluklara tutunarak \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Merdivenlerden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan k\u0131sma (salona) k\u00f6\u015fk<\/em> deniliyordu. K\u00f6\u015fk denilmesinin nedeni, kan\u0131mca \u00f6n taraf\u0131nda tahtadan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k bir metre uzunlu\u011funda bir \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n, yani cumban\u0131n olmas\u0131ndand\u0131. Cumban\u0131n her \u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131nda da pencereler vard\u0131. K\u00f6\u015fk denilen salonun sa\u011f\u0131nda ve solunda birer oda bulunurdu. Dedemler genellikle bat\u0131 taraf\u0131nda bulunan odada kal\u0131rlard\u0131. Do\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olan oda misafir odas\u0131yd\u0131. 1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, bizim oturdu\u011fumuz C\u00fcma dededen kalma toprak dam (ev) oturulmaz duruma geldi\u011finden, yeniden yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. O d\u00f6nem biz ailece hepimiz y\u0131k\u0131lan evin bir odas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar bu misafir odas\u0131nda bar\u0131nd\u0131k. Kilerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunan ar\u0131\u015f\u0131n (asma a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n) alt\u0131 oturmalar\u0131n, sohbetlerin bulunmaz mek\u00e2n\u0131yd\u0131. M\u0131sabak \u00fcz\u00fcmleri ise \u00e7ok g\u00fczel ve lezzetliydi. Korukken yemeye ba\u015flard\u0131k. Sadece biz \u00e7ocuklar de\u011fil, bal ar\u0131lar\u0131, sar\u0131 ar\u0131lar, ku\u015flar da bizler kadar bu \u00fcz\u00fcme d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnd\u00fcler. Zelo nene \u00fcz\u00fcm salk\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 koparmayal\u0131m diye g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ar\u0131\u015ftan ay\u0131rmazd\u0131. S\u00fct ve yo\u011furdun bol oldu\u011fu zamanlar ise; Ar\u0131\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131nda tuluhla ayran yayar\u0131m\/ Hem ayran yayar hem hayal kurar\u0131m\u2026<\/em> t\u00fcr\u00fcnde ezgiler s\u00f6yleyip ayran\u0131n\u0131 yayard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evin \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7en yolun alt\u0131nda Abdullah dedenin bir ar\u0131 dam\u0131<\/em> vard\u0131. Dede buray\u0131 ar\u0131 kovanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ar\u0131 kovanlar\u0131 kara kovand\u0131. Dam\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131 ta\u015f duvar, \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00dcst k\u0131sm\u0131 toprakt\u0131. Giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 arka duvardand\u0131. Bal ar\u0131lar\u0131 yaz k\u0131\u015f burada kal\u0131rlard\u0131. Kovan giri\u015f delikleri k\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131van\u0131r kapat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, baharda a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Yaz geldi\u011finde ar\u0131 dam\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde her zaman mutlaka geceleri yatanlar olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ar\u0131 dam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6ze<\/em>ye olan taraf\u0131nda ise zibill\u0131\u011f<\/em> bulunuyordu. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n hayvanlar\u0131n k\u0131k\u0131[13]<\/strong><\/a>, f\u0131\u015fk\u0131[14]<\/strong><\/a><\/em> ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lar\u0131 buraya at\u0131l\u0131r, bahar\u0131n ya da yaz\u0131n da buradan al\u0131narak g\u00fcbre olarak ekinlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Yazlar\u0131 zibill\u0131\u011fdaki k\u0131z\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcbre kokusu havu\u015f<\/em>taki hayvanlar\u0131n ter ve sidik kokusuna kar\u0131\u015farak g\u00fcl kokusuna z\u0131t do\u011fal bir parf\u00fcm olarak \u00e7evreye naho\u015f bir koku yayard\u0131. Ak\u015famlar\u0131 g\u00fcnbat\u0131m\u0131na yak\u0131n zibilli\u011fin \u00fczerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sinekler o\u011ful vermi\u015f gibi havada kayna\u015f\u0131rd\u0131, k\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7lar ve karanl\u0131k bas\u0131nca da u\u00e7u\u015fan gece ku\u015flar\u0131 (yarasalar) sinek, sivrisinek ve de\u011fi\u015fik u\u00e7an b\u00f6\u00e7ekleri afiyetle kursaklar\u0131na indirirdi. K\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n evlerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde havada yapt\u0131klar\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f g\u00f6sterileri tam bir seyirlikti. O zamanlar zibillikteki g\u00fcbreye may\u0131s<\/em> deniliyordu ve g\u00fcbre olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca tezek<\/em> yap\u0131larak ocaklarda yak\u0131t olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca Abdullah dede, bizim oturdu\u011fumuz ev ile kendi evinin aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fun \u00f6n k\u0131sm\u0131na, ar\u0131 dam\u0131n\u0131n hizas\u0131nda koyunlar i\u00e7in bir havu\u015f<\/em> yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Havu\u015f, kavak a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n dallar\u0131 ve tahtalar birazc\u0131k topra\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve yanlamas\u0131na da s\u0131r\u0131klara \u00e7ivilerle ya da tellerle tutturulmu\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 m2<\/sup> civar\u0131nda d\u00f6rtgen \u015feklinde \u00e7evrili koyunlar\u0131n yazl\u0131k bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131na deniliyordu. Uyduruk bir yap\u0131s\u0131 ve kap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131. Yazlar\u0131 koyunlar havu\u015fa, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ahura b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7oban k\u00f6pekleri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir defas\u0131nda gece kurtlar\u0131n havu\u015fa girmeleri sonucu 5-6 koyunun par\u00e7aland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Abdullah dede \u00e7ok k\u0131zm\u0131\u015f, nevri<\/em> d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc[15]<\/a>; \u00f6zelliklede kurdu g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde kuyruklar\u0131n\u0131 bacaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda saklayan kangal k\u0131rmas\u0131 k\u00f6peklerine. G\u00f6zleri f\u0131ld\u0131r f\u0131ld\u0131r d\u00f6n\u00fcyor, huyland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan a\u011fz\u0131ndan k\u00fcf\u00fcrler sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yordu. Zor sakinle\u015fmi\u015fti. \u00d6nceleri \u00c7omar<\/strong> isminde kurtlara aman vermeyen me\u015fhur bir destanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00e7oban k\u00f6pe\u011fi varm\u0131\u015f. T\u00fcm k\u00f6peklerinin \u00c7omar gibi olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu, ama \u00c7omar gibi bir k\u00f6pe\u011fi sonradan hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131. Abdullah dede bir keresinde de B\u00fcy\u00fckbah\u00e7e\u2019nin bat\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan derede di\u015fi bir kurt vurdu. 12-13 ya\u015flar\u0131nda olmal\u0131y\u0131m. Derede di\u015fi kurdun cinsel organ\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7akla kesilerek al\u0131nd\u0131, bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck et par\u00e7as\u0131 par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek e\u015fe dosta da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n hamayl\u0131<\/em> bi\u00e7iminde boyunlarda ya da pazubent<\/em> \u015feklinde kollarda ta\u015f\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyordu. O zaman buna bir anlam verememi\u015ftim ve sorular\u0131m da yan\u0131ts\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her durumda i\u015flerin iyi gitmesi, \u015fans ve u\u011fur getirmesi i\u00e7in bunun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; \u00fczerlerinde ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131n nedenini ve \u00e7ok \u015fans\u0131 olanlar i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenen \u201c\u00fczerinde kurt amc\u0131\u011f\u0131 var<\/em>\u201d deyi\u015finin anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok sonralar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zekeriya amcan\u0131n evinin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131nda biti\u015fi\u011finde Mehmet day\u0131n\u0131n evi vard\u0131. Tek katl\u0131 toprak bir damd\u0131. Bizim ev gibi y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lacak bir hali vard\u0131. Bir aral\u0131k ve bir odadan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Odan\u0131n arka taraf\u0131 kiler olarak ve kap kacak b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n arka taraf\u0131na k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k odun, ot, saman b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 ve zaman zaman da burada inek beslenilirdi. Suluk, t\u00fcm evlerde oldu\u011fu gibi aral\u0131kta kap\u0131 giri\u015findeydi, kara ocak ise bir tane aral\u0131kta ve bir tanede evin yan taraf\u0131nda bulunan kozikteydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mehmet day\u0131n\u0131n evinin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131nda Seher bac\u0131n\u0131n evi vard\u0131. Bu iki ev aras\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 130 m. idi. Ev k\u0131smen ta\u015f, k\u0131smen de kerpi\u00e7ten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Toprak daml\u0131yd\u0131. Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fu taraf\u0131nda, ama giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu duvar\u0131 iki metre kadar i\u00e7teydi. Aral\u0131k \u00f6n\u00fcnde olu\u015fan bu k\u0131sm\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fc kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve direklerle desteklenerek \u00f6rtme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda bu \u00f6rtmede \u00e7ok\u00e7a oyun oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Oda bat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndayd\u0131. Odaya aral\u0131kta bulunan tahta bir merdivenle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yordu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc alt\u0131nda ahur vard\u0131. Ahurun kap\u0131s\u0131 d\u0131\u015ftand\u0131. \u0130nek beslenirdi. Odan\u0131n arka k\u0131sm\u0131 ise kiler ve mutfak olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ocak, hem evin \u00f6n\u00fcnde hem de aral\u0131kta vard\u0131. Suluk aral\u0131k kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015findeydi. Seher bac\u0131 bu evde torunu Hayri ile birlikte kal\u0131yordu. Hayri\u2019nin annesi \u00e7ocukken \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in nenesi b\u00fcy\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc kendisini. Kocas\u0131 Kadir G\u00fclbahar eni\u015fteyi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc hat\u0131rlam\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abdullah dedenin evinin g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda bir de Yahya amcan\u0131n tek odal\u0131 bir evi vard\u0131. Bu evin yerinde daha \u00f6nceleri Ali amcan\u0131n evi varm\u0131\u015f. Ali amca yeni yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eve ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131nca Yahya amca y\u0131k\u0131lan bu evin yerine kendisi bir ev yapm\u0131\u015f. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda bu evi y\u0131k\u0131p yerine yeni bir ev yapt\u0131. Sonradan yap\u0131lan ev ta\u015f kerpi\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 tek katl\u0131 ve toprak daml\u0131yd\u0131. Dereye ve g\u00f6zeye en yak\u0131n evdi. \u00d6n\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u011fde a\u011fac\u0131 vard\u0131. Bahar\u0131n i\u011fde a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sar\u0131\u00e7i\u00e7eklerinin kokusu yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan zibilli\u011fin kokusunu bast\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. K\u00fcl rengi yaprakl\u0131 i\u011fde a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n diplerinde her zaman k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ibikli horozlar[16]<\/a>, tavuklar, ferik<\/em>ler (pili\u00e7ler) e\u015felenir, \u00e7ocuklar oyun oynard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm aral\u0131k, do\u011fu taraf\u0131ndaki odayd\u0131. Odan\u0131n arkas\u0131nda kiler mutfak, aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n arkas\u0131nda ise odun, kap kacak konulan ve bir perdeyle kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir alan vard\u0131. Suluk giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndayd\u0131. Kara ocak hem aral\u0131kta, hem de evin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131nda bulunan kozikte bulunuyordu. Evin \u00f6n\u00fcnde, biraz do\u011fusunda bir bo\u015f alan vard\u0131. 70-80 m2<\/sup>\u2019lik bu \u00e7evrili alana ye\u015fillik ve sebze ekiliyordu. Ekili yerin bitim noktas\u0131nda \u00e7eper<\/em> olarak i\u011fde a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ve ku\u015fburnu t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131 vard\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 evlerin tavuklar\u0131 buray\u0131 da \u00e7ok severdi. Yahya amca bu evde 4-5 sene oturduktan sonra ailece evini \u0130stanbul\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.[17]<\/a> 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda, geri d\u00f6nece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek babama para g\u00f6nderip ta\u015f ve tu\u011fladan yeniden g\u00fczel bir ev yapt\u0131rd\u0131. Evi, babam kendi eliyle yapt\u0131. Bu ev, Mehmet day\u0131 ile Seher bac\u0131n\u0131n evinin ortalar\u0131nda, yolun hemen \u00fcst\u00fcndeydi. Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131nca, yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu evi de satt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de bulunan evlerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn o zamanlar \u00fcst\u00fc (dam\u0131) d\u00fcz toprakt\u0131. \u00c7at\u0131l\u0131 ve beton olan ev yoktu. Ya\u011fmur ve kar ya\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toprak su ge\u00e7irmesin, damlamas\u0131n diye lo\u011f<\/em> denilen silindir ta\u015f dam\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir d\u00fczen d\u00e2hilinde lo\u011fdur<\/em>la[18]<\/a> gezdirilerek s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcv\u00fck<\/em> denilen duvarlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar (sa\u00e7aklar) ise s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in toka\u00e7<\/em>larla toka\u00e7lan\u0131rd\u0131. Kar ya\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mercefe<\/em> (kar k\u00fcre\u011fi) ile karlar k\u00fcrenip temizlenir ve sonra lo\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu i\u015fleri genellikle erkekler yapard\u0131. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n sert ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, ya\u011fmurun s\u00fcrekli ya\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131, r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n yaman esti\u011fi zamanlarda dam lo\u011flamak, kar k\u00fcremek ve s\u00fcv\u00fckleri toka\u00e7lamak tam bir zul\u00fcmd\u00fc. Dam \u00fcst\u00fcnde biriken kar ve ya\u011fmur sular\u0131 teneke, sac veya oyulmu\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7tan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ortan<\/em> denen bir oluk sayesinde dam d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ak\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve baharlar\u0131 en \u00e7ok ya\u011fd\u0131ran<\/em> ya\u011fmuru ya\u011fard\u0131 ve damlalar\u0131 da y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcze k\u0131rba\u00e7 gibi inerdi. P\u00fck<\/em>te, yani tipi oldu\u011funda ve ya\u011fmur her ya\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hava so\u011fuk r\u00fczg\u00e2r kokard\u0131 ve damlar hep lo\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eimdi bilmiyorum, o zamanlar \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019in r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 bir ba\u015fkayd\u0131; yaman eserdi. Esti\u011fi zamanlar insan sesi, ku\u015f sesi duyulmaz olurdu. Sadece uluyan \u00f6fkeli r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n u\u011fultusu ve bazen de r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n u\u011fultusuyla birlikte insan\u0131n i\u00e7ini \u00fcrperten kurtlar\u0131n uluma sesi duyulurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Makam Da\u011f\u0131, Be\u015fikta\u015f ve \u00dc\u00e7evler kar alt\u0131nda. Babam \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi k\u00f6pe\u011fi Karo ile\u2026 Y\u0131l: 1972<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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\u00dc\u00e7evler kar alt\u0131nda. Y\u0131l 1972. Karde\u015fim Ali Haydar muhte\u015fem manzarada g\u00fczelim pozunu vermi\u015f.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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B\u00f6lgemizde, Ergani\u2019de ve \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de damlar\u0131n d\u00fcz olu\u015funun mutlaka nedenleri vard\u0131r diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fcr. H. W. M. Hodges bu konuda \u015fu yorumu yapmaktad\u0131r: \u201c\u015eehirlerde d\u00fcz dam kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ya\u011fmur suyunun etkin bir \u015fekilde ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktan daha ba\u015fka bir nedeni olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 D\u00fcz damlar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fehirle\u015fmenin ileri safhalar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve d\u00fcz dam \u015fehirle\u015fmenin olmazsa olmaz\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u015eehirde arsa bedelleri \u00e7ok y\u00fckselince bah\u00e7e ya da avlu sahibi olabilmek sadece zenginlere \u00f6zg\u00fc oldu. Ama temiz bir alan ekonomi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemliydi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sebze, meyve kurutmak ancak b\u00f6yle yerlerde yap\u0131labiliyordu. Bug\u00fcn Ortado\u011fu\u2019da d\u00fcz damlar \u00f6nemlidir ve sadece ev i\u015fleri i\u00e7in de\u011fil sokaklar\u0131n sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 temizlik ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, kad\u0131nlara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nabilecekleri bir mek\u00e2n\u0131, sekl\u00fczyonu<\/em>[19]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> sa\u011flar<\/em>\u201d.[20]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Damlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131na a\u011fa\u00e7 merdivenlerle, bir k\u0131sm\u0131na da uygun yerlerden duvar biti\u015fi\u011fine yap\u0131lan ta\u015f seki<\/em>lerden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Toprak d\u00fcz damlar yaz\u0131n evleri serin, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131cak tutard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcz dam yazlar\u0131 \u00e7ok i\u015fe yarard\u0131: Sal\u00e7a te\u015ftleri damlara \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131; \u00fcz\u00fcm, kays\u0131, erik, vi\u015fne, dut damlarda kurutulurdu; kaynat\u0131lan bulgur kurumas\u0131 i\u00e7in damalara serilirdi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve s\u0131cak yaz gecelerinde, g\u00f6z k\u0131rpan y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda insanlar damlarda yatard\u0131. Baz\u0131 aileler evlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcne veya damlar\u0131na taht<\/em> kurard\u0131, baz\u0131 ailelerde d\u00fcz damlar\u0131na do\u011frudan yataklar\u0131n\u0131 sererdi. Damda yataklar\u0131m\u0131zda yatarken \u015fairin \u201cAkany\u0131ld\u0131zlar g\u00f6kteki n\u00f6bet\u00e7ilerin cinlere att\u0131\u011f\u0131 oktur<\/em>,\u201d[21]<\/a> dizesinden habersiz olarak g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde kayan y\u0131ld\u0131zlara \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr ve en parlak y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 gizliden sahiplenirdik. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde alt\u0131n gibi \u0131\u015f\u0131ldayan parlak ay\u0131n de\u011firmi<\/em> ve orak aras\u0131 farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerini, de\u011fi\u015fimini hayranl\u0131kla izlerdik. Gecenin g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fi karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda evrenin muazzam g\u00fczelli\u011fine \u015fa\u015fard\u0131k. Damda yatman\u0131n bazen de riski vard\u0131. F\u0131rt\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kabilir, ya\u011fmur ya\u011fabilir, daha da \u00f6nemlisi \u00e7o\u011fu kez \u00e7ocuklar, bazen de uyku sersemi b\u00fcy\u00fckler damdan d\u00fc\u015febilirdi. 6-7 ya\u015flar\u0131ndayken bende bir defa damdan d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. G\u00f6zlerim iltihapland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in anam g\u00f6z\u00fcme g\u00f6zotu<\/em> ilac\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcp t\u00fclbentle ba\u011flad\u0131, kendisi evde i\u015f yapmaya gitti. G\u00f6z\u00fc ba\u011fl\u0131 yataktan kalk\u0131nca pat a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. A\u011flamam\u0131 duyan ba\u015f\u0131ma topland\u0131. Neyse ki d\u00fc\u015fme kal\u0131c\u0131 bir hasar yaratmad\u0131. O d\u00f6nem sadece bizler de\u011fil, Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019\u0131nda, Ergani\u2019de \u00e7ok insan damlarda yatard\u0131. K\u00f6t\u00fc, pis \u015feyler \u00e7ok ender olurdu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc herkes birbirini tan\u0131r ve birbirilerine kar\u015f\u0131 sayg\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. G\u00fcven vard\u0131. Ergani\u2019de \u015fimdi damlarda yatan var m\u0131 acaba? Zanetmem. \u0130nsanlar evlerinin i\u00e7inde bile g\u00fcvende de\u011fil!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de bulunan evlerin hi\u00e7birinde elektrik yoktu. Ayd\u0131nlanma idare<\/em> (\u00e7\u0131ra) ve gaz l\u00e2mbalar\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Zaten o d\u00f6nem Ergani\u2019de de elektrik yok say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Eski hastanenin \u00f6n taraflar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir elektrik jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc (santral) vard\u0131. Jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcn so\u011futma sistemi jenerat\u00f6r binas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulunan havuz suyu ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu havuzda yaz\u0131n mahalleli \u00e7ocuklar ya\u011fl\u0131 (mazotlu) suda \u00e7immerek<\/em> (y\u0131kanarak, y\u00fczerek) serinlenirdi. Bu jenerat\u00f6rle \u00fcretilen k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 elektrik enerjisi belirli zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131nda devlet dairelerinde ve bir k\u0131s\u0131m y\u00f6netici devlet adamlar\u0131 ile e\u015fraftan baz\u0131 \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n evlerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Ergani elektrik \u015febekesi ulusal elektrik \u015febekesine ba\u011flan\u0131nca Ergani geneline ve \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019e direkler dikilip elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 verildi. Evlerde elektrik ampul\u00fc yanmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca Abdullah dede evindeki gaz l\u00e2mbas\u0131n\u0131 sevin\u00e7le evin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki tarlaya dikip t\u00fcfe\u011fiyle ni\u015fan al\u0131p devrimci bir vuru\u015fla karanl\u0131ktan ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fi kendi tarz\u0131nda selamlad\u0131. O anda, \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de bulunan t\u00fcm torunlar dedemizin \u00e7evresinde toplanarak hem gaz l\u00e2mbas\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tema\u015fa etmi\u015f hem de elektri\u011fin geli\u015finin sevincini ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evlerin hi\u00e7 birinde mobilya yoktu. Yataklar y\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe konurdu. S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan elbiseler ya duvar ask\u0131s\u0131nda as\u0131l\u0131r ya da sand\u0131klara b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Yerde oturur, yerde yer, yerde yatard\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Evlerde su tesisat\u0131 da yoktu. \u0130\u00e7me ve kullanma suyu evin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki p\u0131har<\/em>dan (p\u0131nardan, g\u00f6zeden, \u00e7e\u015fmeden) kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131. Su evlere s\u0131t\u0131l<\/em>larla (kovalarla), tenekelerle, testilerle yaz k\u0131\u015f ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Bula\u015f\u0131klar ve ufak \u00e7apl\u0131 kirli \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rlar bazen g\u00f6zeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp y\u0131kan\u0131rd\u0131. Bazen de \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r kazan\u0131 g\u00f6zenin yan\u0131nda kurulur ve \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rlar t\u00fcmden burada y\u0131kan\u0131rd\u0131. Y\u0131kanan temiz \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rlar g\u00f6zenin yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan i\u011fde a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n dal\u0131na serilerek kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bula\u015f\u0131klar \u00e7o\u011funlukla k\u00fclle, az\u0131c\u0131kta sabunla y\u0131kan\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ama\u015f\u0131rlar ise sabun ve sodayla y\u0131kan\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ama\u015f\u0131r y\u0131karken \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r kazan\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan suyun i\u00e7ine k\u00fcl veya kil toprak at\u0131larak suyun sertli\u011fi al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131 \u00f6nce. Deterjan denen kimyasallar bilinmezdi. Zaten yoktu. Ku\u015flar\u0131n, ar\u0131lar\u0131n, kedi ve k\u00f6peklerin yan\u0131nda evlerde beslenen b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc bu g\u00f6zeden bolca nasiplenirdi. Evlere i\u00e7me suyu tesisat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekili\u015fi 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de her zaman bir \u00e7oban k\u00f6pe\u011fi bulunurdu ve ismi de hep \u00e7omar<\/em> olurdu. Evcil hayvanlar\u0131 susuz ve a\u00e7 b\u0131rakmak g\u00fcnaht\u0131, bu nedenle kedi ve k\u00f6peklerin yemek yemesi ve su i\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in evlerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde birka\u00e7 yerde de\u011fi\u015fik boyutlarda ta\u015ftan oyulmu\u015f yalak<\/em> denilen kaplar bulunurdu. Ama bu yalaklardan kedi ve k\u00f6peklerden ziyade daha \u00e7ok tavuk ve ser\u00e7eler faydalan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de en \u00f6nemli sorunlardan biri tuvaletti. Evin i\u00e7inde tuvalet olmaz anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan olmal\u0131 ki, evlerin hi\u00e7birinde tuvalet yoktu. Ahur\/ah\u0131r, ba\u011f, bah\u00e7e, tarla, dere, \u00e7al\u0131 dibi\u2026 her yer tuvaleti. Kanalizasyon yoktu. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda ilk olarak Zekeriya amca evinin \u00f6n\u00fcne tenekeden bir tuvalet yapt\u0131, abdesthane denildi. Abdesthanenin pislikleri hemen yan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 toprak \u00e7ukura (fosepti\u011fe) verilirdi. Di\u011fer evler 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda tuvaletle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. [22]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019den bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm. Y\u0131l: 1996. (Foto\u011fraf\u0131n arka taraf\u0131nda yar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcken sa\u011fdaki iki katl\u0131 ta\u015f yap\u0131 Abdullah \u00dcz\u00fclmez\u2019in, soldaki ise Zekeriya \u00dcz\u00fclmez\u2019\u0131n kendi elleriyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 evleridir. \u015eimdi her ikisinin de yerinde maalesef yeller esmektedir.)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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K\u0131saca ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bar\u0131nma mek\u00e2nlar\u0131, evlerimiz b\u00f6yleydi. Bu konuyu burada bitirirken \u015funu da hat\u0131rlamakta fayda vard\u0131r: \u201cVe b\u00fct\u00fcn sosyal ger\u00e7eklikler gibi, evin de mek\u00e2n olarak boyutlar\u0131 ve anlam\u0131 tarih boyunca de\u011fi\u015fip durmu\u015ftur. K\u00f6leci d\u00f6nemin efendisi; feodalin seny\u00f6r\u00fc, k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc, serfi; kapitalistin malik\u00e2nesiyle proleterin dam\u0131, ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 sosyal, giderek siyasal ger\u00e7ekliklerdir. Vaktiyle devrimci, \u2018Saraylara \u00f6l\u00fcm, kul\u00fcbelere \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u2019 diye hayk\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, slogan\u0131 bir yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma de\u011fil, bir d\u00fczensizli\u011fe adil bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm arama ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n dile getirili\u015fidir<\/em>.\u201d[23]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u00d6l\u00fclerimizin yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2n: \u201cAile Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDamlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde d\u00f6n\u00fcyor
D\u00f6n\u00fcyor yorgun bayku\u015flar\u201d<\/em>[24]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi biraz da k\u0131saca \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015flerimizin mek\u00e2n\u0131na de\u011finmek istiyorum. Kavas Mehmed\u2019in, Sofibekir\u2019in, Sofibekir o\u011flu Mehmed\u2019in mezarlar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p harabeye d\u00f6nen yukar\u0131 \u015fehirde olup, bug\u00fcn mezar yerleri bilinmemektedir. Yukar\u0131 \u015fehirden ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra vefat eden aile fertlerine ait mezarlar \u00c7iftp\u0131nar\/\u00c7\u00fctp\u0131nar <\/em>Yolu \u00fczerinde bulunan \u201cAile Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak bilinen yerdedir. Eskiden bu mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sahipsiz bir hali vard\u0131. Mezarlar toprakt\u0131 ve mezar s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in ba\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda birazc\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ta\u015f, mezar \u00e7evresinde ise k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck ta\u015flar bulunurdu. Ta\u015ftan ve mermerden yap\u0131lan mezar yoktu. Mezar ta\u015flar\u0131na isim yazmada yoktu. Sonradan, 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda ta\u015ftan ve mermerden mezar yap\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131. \u00c7ok eskiden ya\u015fama veda edenlerin mezarlar\u0131n toprak olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, yeni nesil baz\u0131 mezarlar\u0131n kimlere ait oldu\u011funu ya da C\u00fcma dede, Abbas dede gibi aile b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimizin mezar\u0131n\u0131n hangisi oldu\u011funu tam bilmemektedir. C\u00fcma dedenin mezar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131\u00e7 a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir. [25]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As\u0131l \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olan ise mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n imar plan\u0131nda yer almay\u0131\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. Mezarl\u0131k, ruhsats\u0131zd\u0131. \u00c7ok yak\u0131n bir zamanda, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda mezarl\u0131k \u201cErgani Belediyesi \u00dcz\u00fclmez Aile Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\u201d olarak imar plan\u0131na i\u015flendi ve ruhsatland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu hay\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015fi karde\u015fim \u015eadan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Ben, kendi ad\u0131ma karde\u015fim \u015eadan\u2019a ve ruhsatland\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 esirgemeyen d\u00f6nemin Ergani Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Say\u0131n Fesih Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2019a \u00e7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum. Hizmetiniz unutulmayacakt\u0131r!<\/p>\n\n\n

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Ergani-\u00c7iftp\u0131nar Caddesi\/Makam Yolu \u00fczerinde bulunan aile mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z (2013)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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Zamanla her \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fiyor. Geli\u015fen sosyal, ekonomik ve ba\u015fka nedenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de olanlar bug\u00fcn d\u00f6rt bir yana da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. Bu da\u011f\u0131lman\u0131n sonucu vefat edenlerin cenazeleri de d\u00f6rt bir yanda defin edildi ve durum ileride daha da say\u0131sal olarak artacakt\u0131r: \u201c\u0130nsan do\u011fdu\u011fu ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin topra\u011f\u0131 gibidir. \u00d6l\u00fcnce de benzedi\u011fi topraklara g\u00f6m\u00fclmek ister. Ya\u015farken toprakla ba\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kopard\u0131lar. \u00d6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde hangi toprak kabul eder ki bizi<\/em>?\u201d[26]<\/a> \u015euanda Hatice (Yerlikaya) \u00dcz\u00fclmez \u0130stanbul\u2019da, Zeki \u00dcz\u00fclmez Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019da, Naile (\u00dcz\u00fclmez) Kaya \u00c7ermik\u2019te, Hamza \u00dcz\u00fclmez Bursa\u2019da gurbet ellerinde mezarlar\u0131nda uyumaktalar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019in do\u011fal yap\u0131s\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cY\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n bizim i\u00e7in parlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmeyen g\u00f6zlerimiz, g\u00fcn gelir, hayat\u0131m\u0131zdan kayan y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc maziye kilitlenir<\/em>.\u201d[27]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abdullah dedenin evinin do\u011fu taraf\u0131nda, Recep Amcan\u0131n Tarlas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n biti\u015fi\u011finde bir dere bulunurdu. Derenin ad\u0131 yoktu, sadece dere deniliyordu. Dere, Goconun Tepesi ve Be\u015fikta\u015f aras\u0131ndaki vadiden ba\u015flay\u0131p evin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki bah\u00e7e ile Recep Amcan\u0131n Tarlas\u0131 aras\u0131nda sinor<\/em> (s\u0131n\u0131r) olu\u015ftururdu. Saray Mahallesi\u2019nin \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda bulunan evlerin oradan ge\u00e7erek Kado Ahmed\u2019in evinin orada kanalizasyon kanal\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Dere k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve bahar aylar\u0131nda co\u015far, yazlar\u0131 ise kururdu; bahar\u0131n kelebekler, yaz\u0131n karasinekler bol bol u\u00e7u\u015fup dururdu. Derenin baz\u0131 yerlerinde, sa\u011f\u0131nda veya solunda kendili\u011finden olan kara\u00e7al\u0131, b\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrtlen, itburnu<\/em> (ku\u015fburnu) gibi \u00e7al\u0131 \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131 hem do\u011faya g\u00fczellik katard\u0131 hem de ku\u015flara, s\u00fcr\u00fcngen ve b\u00f6ceklere bar\u0131nak olu\u015ftururdu. \u00c7al\u0131lar\u0131n alt\u0131nda tosba\u011fa<\/em>lar (kaplumba\u011falar) toku\u015fur ve gezinirdi. De\u011fi\u015fik renklerde havan\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri narin elpenekler<\/em> (kelebekler) dere boyunca havada u\u00e7u\u015furdu. A\u011fustosb\u00f6\u00e7ekleri bah\u00e7elerimizi \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131nlat\u0131rlard\u0131. Derenin bah\u00e7e sinorunda bah\u00e7eyi sel sular\u0131ndan korumak i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011fu yerde y\u0131\u011fma ta\u015flardan setler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Setlerin baz\u0131 kesimlerinde kendili\u011finden yeti\u015fen i\u011fde, kara\u00e7al\u0131, b\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrtlen, itburnu k\u00fcmeleri bah\u00e7eye hem siper olur ve hem de bah\u00e7eye ayr\u0131 bir renk katard\u0131. Yaz\u0131n y\u0131lanlar g\u00f6lgelerinde k\u00f6lor[28]<\/a> olur uyur, \u00e7al\u0131ku\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7inde oyna\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Bizler, bu renk ve koku denizinde kula\u00e7 at\u0131p beslenmek i\u00e7in \u015fiir kanatl\u0131 kelebek olmak isterdik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u011fdedir deyip ge\u00e7meyin sak\u0131n:
Baharda sar\u0131\u00e7i\u00e7eklerinde bal ar\u0131lar\u0131 keman \u00e7alar,
Kuytu dallar\u0131nda ser\u00e7eler c\u0131v\u0131lda\u015f\u0131p \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yler,
Ufak bir yel esmeye g\u00f6rs\u00fcn, yald\u0131zl\u0131 yapraklar\u0131 ne\u015felenir dans eder,
G\u00fcz\u00fcn olgunla\u015fan sar\u0131 hurmas\u0131 ise,
                     her zaman g\u00fczelin b\u00e2dem dili gibi cana can katar.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u011fdedir deyip ge\u00e7meyin sak\u0131n:
Ba\u011f, bah\u00e7e, tarla s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda o hep koruyucudur,
Her t\u00fcrden yabanc\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 kendini siper eder.
\u0130\u011fde a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 hep sevmi\u015fimdir, onlar an\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcsler.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Derenin \u00f6tesinde bulunan Recep Amcan\u0131n Tarlas\u0131 iki k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131. \u00dcst k\u0131s\u0131m Abdullah dede ile Zekeriya amcan\u0131nd\u0131. Bildi\u011fim kadar tarla Be\u015fikta\u015fl\u0131 Recep amcadan sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cRecep Amcan\u0131n Tarlas\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. Verimi y\u00fcksek k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 felhan<\/em> toprakt\u0131. \u00dcst k\u0131s\u0131mdaki tarlan\u0131n orta yerinde bir Harman Yeri<\/em> vard\u0131. Tarlan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir taraf\u0131 payam<\/em> (b\u00e2dem) a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131yla \u00e7evriliydi. Bahar\u0131n payam a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinden ar\u0131lar eksik olmazd\u0131. \u00c7akala<\/em>n\u0131n (\u00e7a\u011flan\u0131n) tad\u0131na ise biz \u00e7ocuklar doymazd\u0131k. Yaramaz diksilo<\/em>lar (a\u011fa\u00e7kakanlar) a\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131ndan payamlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131p ince uzun gagalar\u0131yla kabuklar\u0131n\u0131 delerek i\u00e7lerini yerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abdullah dede \u00e7\u00fct<\/em>[29]<\/a> s\u00fcr\u00fcp bu tarlada genellikle, arpa, mercimek, k\u00fc\u015fne ekerdi. Dedemiz iyi bir re\u00e7ber<\/em>di,[30]<\/a> t\u00fcm re\u00e7berler gibi yi\u011fitti. Ekme\u011fini topraktan \u00e7\u0131kartmak i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131 a\u015fkla s\u00fcrerdi. Bu\u011fday iyi oldu\u011funda, g\u00fcne\u015fi emen bal renkli ba\u015faklar\u0131 dedemizin y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaman\u0131 geldi\u011finde orak ve kerinti<\/em> (t\u0131rpan) ile bi\u00e7ilen ve toplanan \u00fcr\u00fcn harman yerine ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, burada \u00f6k\u00fczlerin arkas\u0131nda boyunduru\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131, sa\u011flam kal\u0131n iki tahta par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n bir araya getirilmesiyle olu\u015fturulan gem<\/em> (d\u00f6ven) denilen dibi keskin \u00e7akmak ta\u015f\u0131yla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00fczene\u011fin \u00fczerine biner ve elde massas<\/em> (ucu \u00e7ivili ince uzun sopa, \u00f6vendire) boyunduru\u011fa vurulu \u00f6k\u00fczleri harman\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir k\u0131zak gibi kayd\u0131rarak doland\u0131r\u0131p dururduk: Harman\u0131 d\u00f6\u011ferdik. K\u0131zg\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f bedenlerimizi kavururdu. Hasatt\u0131n sap ve tanesi ayr\u0131lacak duruma gelinceye kadar bu d\u00f6nme i\u015fi aral\u0131ks\u0131z s\u00fcrerdi. Harman d\u00f6vme bitince Abdullah dede uygun r\u00fczg\u00e2r esti\u011finde harman\u0131 yabayla savurur, taneyi samandan ay\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Zelo nene ise taneleri sarat<\/em> (kalbur) denilen iri elekte eleyip taneyi ta\u015f, toprak ve \u00e7\u00f6plerden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Sonra taneler kilere, samanlar samanl\u0131\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Mahsul\u00fc bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f tarlaya hozan<\/em> denirdi.                                                             <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Dava Sa\u011firesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[<\/em><\/strong>Belge Recep Amcan\u0131n Tarlas\u0131yla ilgilidir. 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eado nenenin babas\u0131 \u015eerif efendi \u00f6l\u00fcnce mahkeme ilam\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak gerekmi\u015f. San\u0131r\u0131m arzuhalci yeni harfleri seri olarak yazmay\u0131 beceremedi\u011finden \u00f6nce eski harflerle yaz\u0131p sonra yeni harflere aktar\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131. En az\u0131ndan bu belge bana bunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrtt\u00fc. Bu belgede ge\u00e7en \u201c\u015eerif\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 Naciye\u201d Naco nenem \u201c\u015eerif\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 \u015eadiye\u201d de \u015eado nenem oluyor. Yaz\u0131da bahsetti\u011fin \u015eado neneye ait tarla da asl\u0131nda Naciye nenemin veya yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya iki karde\u015fin ortak mal\u0131. Ama II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u2013tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya kendi hissesini, her neyse- ablas\u0131na sat\u0131yor. Onun \u00fcst\u00fcndeki Recep Amcan\u0131n Tarlas\u0131 ise san\u0131r\u0131m biraz ge\u00e7 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Abdullah- Zekeriya karde\u015fler taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131yor<\/em>.-Abdurrahman \u00dcz\u00fclmez]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu harman yerinden evlere bazen dereden ge\u00e7ilerek kestirmeden giderdik. Hi\u00e7 unutmam, Ali Haydar bir keresinde Abdullah dedenin kat\u0131r gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fck y\u00fcklenmi\u015f kara e\u015fe\u011fini bu kestirme yoldan ge\u00e7irirken, payam a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerde derede e\u015fekten d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. K\u00f6t\u00fc yaraland\u0131 \u00e7enesinden. Ali Haydar, o g\u00fcnlerin an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rcas\u0131na o yaran\u0131n izini bir m\u00fch\u00fcr gibi \u00e7enesinin sa\u011f taraf\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r h\u00e2l\u00e2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcsteki tarlan\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda, Yahya amcan\u0131n evinin hizas\u0131nda Be\u015fikta\u015f Yolu\u2019na ba\u011flanan bir papur <\/em>(patika yol) bulunurdu. Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019\u0131na gezmeye ya da Hatun D\u00fcz\u00fc\u2019ne tarlalar\u0131 ekip bi\u00e7meye giderken, e\u015fekle y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131rken bu yolu kullan\u0131rd\u0131k. Yolun alt taraf\u0131nda ise mahallenin evlerine kadar uzanan \u015eado ablaya ait bir tarla vard\u0131. Tarla bazen bo\u015f kal\u0131rd\u0131, bazen de tan\u0131d\u0131k birine yar\u0131ya ekip bi\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in verilirdi. Tarlan\u0131n alt taraf\u0131na zaman zaman belediyenin \u00e7\u00f6p\u00e7\u00fcleri \u00e7\u00f6p d\u00f6kerdi. Recep amca ve \u015eado ablan\u0131n bu her iki tarlas\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir zaman Be\u015fikta\u015fl\u0131 Nuri amcan\u0131n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, siyah, gri, beyaz ve belekli (de\u011fi\u015fik renkle desenli) g\u00fcvercinleri eksik olmazd\u0131. Bazen ku\u015f lasti\u011fi<\/em> (\u00e7atal lastik, sapan) ile g\u00fcvercinleri vurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131k. Taklac\u0131 ve pa\u00e7al\u0131 g\u00fcvercin besleyenler \u201ctarla ku\u015fu, karga<\/em>\u201d derlerdi Nuri amcan\u0131n g\u00fcvercinlerine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pahenin ta\u015f\u0131nda keklikler \u00f6ter,
Dedem \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de eli kula\u011f\u0131nda dinler.
Yaz bereket getirmi\u015f: Tosba\u011fa kaba\u011f\u0131,
A\u011fa\u00e7kakan b\u00e2demi, incir ku\u015fu inciri yer.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evlerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir tarla vard\u0131. Tarla \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Orta k\u0131s\u0131mda bulunan iki evlek<\/em>lik, yakla\u015f\u0131k 600 m2<\/sup>\u2019lik alan\u0131n do\u011fu taraf\u0131na \u015eado abla, bat\u0131 taraf\u0131na da Zelo nene ekin ekerdi. Buraya Ekin Yeri<\/em> denirdi. \u015eado abla ekin i\u015flerinde pek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmazd\u0131, daha \u00e7ok Zeki amca ekip bi\u00e7erdi. Zelo nene Naile bibi ile birlikte ekinini ekip bi\u00e7erdi. Arada s\u0131rada anam ve bizler yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurduk. Zelo nene bazen bize de ekin i\u00e7in birazc\u0131k yer verirdi. Ekin alan\u0131n\u0131 bazen \u00e7ift s\u00fcrerek, bazen de belle kaz\u0131larak ekime haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131. Kaz\u0131l\u0131p ekime haz\u0131r yerler ekilecek \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn cinsine g\u00f6re b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ayr\u0131lan bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere tabara<\/em> denilirdi ve tabaralar sonra daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 ve bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere de mi\u015fere<\/em> denilirdi. Frenk, isot, balcan, fasulye, bamya, kabak, hiyar, h\u0131tt\u0131, so\u011fan, sar\u0131msak, maydanoz gibi sebze ve ye\u015fillikler bu mi\u015ferelere ekilirdi. Tabaralar aras\u0131nda sulamak i\u00e7in su ark\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 ve sulama bir d\u00fczen d\u00e2hilinde mi\u015fere mi\u015fere yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ekin alan\u0131ndaki tabara ve mi\u015fere aralar\u0131nda perper<\/em> (semizotu) olurdu ve perper toplan\u0131p ya borani<\/em> (bir t\u00fcr cac\u0131k) yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 ya da hayvanlara verilirdi. Ekinlerin \u00fczerinde cicipapi<\/em>ler (u\u011fur b\u00f6cekleri) u\u00e7u\u015fup bereket getirirdi. Bereketli Toprak Ana al\u0131nteri d\u00f6k\u00fcnce yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hi\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z b\u0131rakmaz, mutlaka \u00f6d\u00fcllendirirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekin yerinin \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda ta\u015f y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan bir sinor<\/em> yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buraya set boyunca ek\u015fi, tatl\u0131 nar a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 dikilmi\u015fti. Ta\u015f y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131 \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131 at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nar a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131 \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131 ekini r\u00fczg\u00e2rdan korurdu. Do\u011fu taraf\u0131nda en ba\u015fta ise bir bardak incir a\u011fac\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu incir a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fc, dal\u0131, yapraklar\u0131 ve incir yemi\u015fi bir ba\u015fkayd\u0131. (Allah sanki bu incir a\u011fac\u0131na, Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/strong>\u2019da insan\u0131n m\u00fckemmel yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair and i\u00e7mekte.)[31]<\/a> \u00c7ok bereketli bir a\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131. A\u011fa\u00e7ta incirler olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda biz \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc hep bu incir a\u011fac\u0131nda olurdu. Sadece biz \u00e7ocuklar de\u011fil, g\u00fczelim sar\u0131 incir ku\u015flar\u0131 ve bal ar\u0131lar\u0131 da bu bardak incirinin ball\u0131 yemi\u015fine bay\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hep dallar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda gezinip dururlard\u0131. \u0130ncir a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcney taraf\u0131nda bulunan birka\u00e7 k\u00f6k \u00c7ermik alucas\u0131<\/em> (erik) ye\u015filken hep a\u011fz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n suyunu ak\u0131t\u0131r, di\u015flerimizi kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Ekin yerinin alt ve \u00fcst taraf\u0131 ise tarla olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Abdullah dede genellikle bu\u011fday, arpa, mercimek ekerdi. Tarlan\u0131n sinorlar\u0131nda yer yer payam a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 bulunurdu. Evlere yak\u0131n payam a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131na yaz\u0131n iplere dizili isot, balcan, kabak gibi kurutmal\u0131klar as\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. R\u00fczg\u00e2r yaz ak\u015famlar\u0131nda bu kurutmal\u0131klar\u0131 ho\u015f bir bi\u00e7imde toku\u015ftururdu; hep var olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z aldat\u0131c\u0131 huzur doldururdu her yan\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPenceremden \u00fc\u00e7 kavak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor
Kan\u0131m sevin\u00e7, h\u00fcz\u00fcn ve \u00f6zlemle dolu\u201d<\/em>[32]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tarla ile Recep Amcan\u0131n Tarlas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en dere aras\u0131nda evlerin tam \u00e7apraz\u0131nda, g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda g\u00fczel mi g\u00fczel bir bah\u00e7e g\u00f6zleri \u015fenlendirirdi. Derenin tarla taraf\u0131nda patika bir yol vard\u0131. Bizler dere boyunca uzan\u0131p giden bu ince patika yolun k\u0131vr\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 izleyerek \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya, okula gidip gelirdik. Karanl\u0131k gecelerde bazen kara ta\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki kara kar\u0131ncan\u0131n kanad\u0131ndan bile daha zor g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc yol. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131dan ge\u00e7 geldi\u011fimiz kimi zamanlarda geceleri ay \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki a\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgeleri ve r\u00fczg\u00e2rda sal\u0131nan a\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131n s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesinden \u00e7\u0131kan sesler i\u00e7imizi \u00fcrpertirdi. Bah\u00e7enin \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda, Yahya amcan\u0131n evinin \u00e7apraz\u0131nda, yakla\u015f\u0131k 50-60 m. \u00f6tesinde G\u00f6ze\u2019nin, yani p\u0131har\u0131n buz gibi g\u00fcr\u00fcl g\u00fcr\u00fcl suyu akard\u0131. G\u00f6zeden \u00e7\u0131kan bu sudan \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de ya\u015fayanlar ve K\u00fcrt Mahallesi\u2019nde oturanlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr, hayvanlar nasiplenir, bah\u00e7e ve ekin sulan\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00f6ze\u2019nin hemen yan\u0131nda kocaman bir \u015eam t\u00fct\u00fc<\/em> (dut a\u011fac\u0131) g\u00f6zenin koruyucusu olarak dallar\u0131n\u0131 \u015femsiye gibi a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f bir vaz\u0131yette yerini al\u0131rd\u0131. Mayho\u015f, kan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fctler gelip ge\u00e7enin a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 suland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00f6zenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde ufak bir alan bo\u015ftu. Dere kenar\u0131na olan taraf tamamen i\u011fdelikti. G\u00f6vdeleri top top kitreli i\u011fde a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 baharlar\u0131 ve yazlar\u0131 g\u00fcn do\u011fumunda ve g\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131nda ser\u00e7elerin toplan\u0131p oyna\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00f6t\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri korunakt\u0131. \u0130\u011fde a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kediler, havada u\u00e7an atmacalar ser\u00e7elerin can\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat kollard\u0131. Bo\u015f alandan sonraki k\u0131s\u0131m kavakl\u0131kt\u0131. S\u0131ra s\u0131ra yeti\u015fkin kavak a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 birbirilerine dokunmadan g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne y\u00fckselirdi. Uzad\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00fczelle\u015firlerdi. Tepelerine \u015famatac\u0131 akepapo<\/em>lar (saksa\u011fanlar) yuva yapard\u0131. Diplerinde de karatavuk<\/em> ku\u015flar\u0131 kursaklar\u0131n\u0131 doyurmak i\u00e7in gagalar\u0131yla topra\u011f\u0131 e\u015feler, otlar aras\u0131na gizlenmi\u015f b\u00f6cekler ise a\u015fk t\u00fcrk\u00fcleri s\u00f6ylerdi. Kavak a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 bahar\u0131n ye\u015fil yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ar, g\u00fcz\u00fcn sar\u0131 yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kerdi. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n h\u00fcz\u00fcn, yaz\u0131n huzur verirdi. R\u00fczg\u00e2r esti\u011finde kavak a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiirsel bir sal\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131 olurdu. Baharlar\u0131 ve yazlar\u0131 yapraklar\u0131 ne\u015fe ve sevinci, k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131plak dallar\u0131n\u0131n so\u011fu\u011fu ve yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran duru\u015f ve ses \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 vard\u0131. Kavakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inden ve yanlar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en su arklar\u0131nda bar\u0131nan ye\u015fil kurba\u011falar\u0131n viyaklamalar\u0131 da hi\u00e7 eksilmezdi. Ve birde k\u0131\u015ftan bahara ge\u00e7i\u015flerde kavak a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00f6klerinde mantarlar olurdu. Bu mantarlar\u0131 bulup toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bayram ederdik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kavakl\u0131ktan sonra dere boyunca \u00f6nce ceviz a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131, sonra da taa bah\u00e7enin biti\u015fine kadar t\u00fct<\/em> (dut) a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u0131ra halinde dizilirlerdi. T\u00fct, payam ve ceviz toplamalar o zamanlar bizim i\u00e7in bir \u015fenlikti. Ceviz a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131; m\u0131sabak olanda vard\u0131, k\u00f6r ceviz olanda. \u201cCeviz g\u00f6lgesi uyuz g\u00f6lgesi, s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct g\u00f6lgesi yi\u011fit g\u00f6lgesi<\/em>\u201d olmas\u0131 nedeniyle cevizlerin g\u00f6lgesinde kimse pek oturmaz ve uyumazd\u0131. T\u00fctler ise genelde a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 ve \u00e7ekirdeksizdi. T\u00fctler olgunla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda t\u00fct ku\u015flar\u0131 s\u00f6k\u00fcn ederdi, abur abur. Bizlerde t\u00fct ku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 avlamak i\u00e7in arkalar\u0131 s\u0131ra dolan\u0131p dururduk. T\u00fct a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 yok olunca, t\u00fct ku\u015flar\u0131 da k\u00fcs\u00fcp gittiler. Cevizlerin bitip t\u00fctlerin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131nda ise vi\u015fnelik dedi\u011fimiz yerde birbirinin i\u00e7ine ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir \u015fekilde vi\u015fne a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne uzan\u0131rd\u0131. Vi\u015fne a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n dallar\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 kayna\u015f\u0131r, dalgalanan yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndan turuncu haleler salard\u0131; g\u00fcne\u015fin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n parlak ye\u015fil yapraklar\u0131ndaki yans\u0131mas\u0131 esen yelle renk ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6sterisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Vi\u015fne a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n dip k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda bahar\u0131n g\u00f6\u011feren<\/em> (ye\u015feren) menek\u015feler mor \u00e7i\u00e7eklerini a\u00e7ard\u0131. Bahar\u0131n havaya, suya, topra\u011fa cemre d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde t\u00fcm do\u011fa bayram ederdi; her taraf bahar kokard\u0131. \u201cTanr\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u00fc bahar y\u0131lanlar\u0131<\/em>\u201d bile uykular\u0131ndan uyan\u0131rd\u0131. Bahar aylar\u0131nda ya\u011fan ya\u011fmurlardan sonra oynak bulutlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan birazc\u0131k g\u00fcne\u015f kendini g\u00f6sterince ebemku\u015fa\u011f\u0131<\/em> (g\u00f6kku\u015fa\u011f\u0131) g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc renklere boyard\u0131 ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn sonsuzlu\u011funda ak\u0131p giden bulutlar\u0131n bi\u00e7im ve renk de\u011fi\u015fimleri bizi kendine \u00e7eker, g\u00f6zlerimize g\u00f6rsel bir ziyafet sunard\u0131. Sonbaharda ise a\u011fa\u00e7lardan d\u00f6k\u00fclen sar\u0131, ye\u015fil ve turuncu renkleriyle yapraklar yerde ipek hal\u0131 gibi serili olurdu; sa\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7lar k\u0131\u015f\u0131n so\u011fuktan donmamak i\u00e7in \u0131sl\u0131k \u00e7alard\u0131. D\u00f6k\u00fclen yapraklara \u011fazel<\/em> deniliyordu. Koyunlar, kuzular, inekler\u2026 \u011fazelleri \u00e7ok severdi. Bazen koyunlar\u0131, kuzular\u0131, inekleri bah\u00e7eye otlanmaya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fck bol bol \u011fazel yerlerdi, bazen de \u011fazelleri toplay\u0131p \u00e7uvallara, telis<\/em>lere, haral<\/em>lara doldurur ahurda hayvanlar\u0131n yemli\u011fine d\u00f6k\u00fclerek kar\u0131nlar\u0131 doyurulurdu. Ayr\u0131ca, bahar\u0131n bah\u00e7enin i\u00e7inde yeti\u015fkin bir insan\u0131n yar\u0131 boyunda otlar olurdu ve k\u0131\u015f\u0131n hayvanlar\u0131n beslenmesi i\u00e7in bu otlar t\u0131rpan ya da orakla bi\u00e7ilerek burma<\/em> yap\u0131l\u0131p kurutulurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc kay\u0131s\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131:
Kimi yar\u0131n yanaklar\u0131 gibi alyanak<\/strong>
Kimi bir g\u00fczelin dudaklar\u0131 gibi \u015fekerpare<\/strong>
Kimi de sulu, g\u00fczelli\u011fini saklayan hac\u0131k\u0131z\u0131<\/strong>yd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u015fnelik ve kavakl\u0131k aras\u0131nda ise \u015fekerpare, alyanak, sulu kay\u0131s\u0131 (hac\u0131k\u0131z\u0131), sar\u0131 kay\u0131s\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli kay\u0131s\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 birer gelin gibi bah\u00e7eyi s\u00fcslerdi. Bah\u00e7enin de\u011fi\u015fik yerinde ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ok say\u0131da her t\u00fcrden erik ve elma a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131vr\u0131k dallar\u0131 aras\u0131nda titre\u015fen yapraklar\u0131 g\u00fcz\u00fcn k\u0131z\u0131l, alt\u0131n renkli bir \u015fal gibi bah\u00e7enin \u00fczerini \u00f6rterdi. Bahar\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131nda ise \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin kokusu t\u00fcm bah\u00e7eyi sarard\u0131; yapraklar \u00e7i\u00e7eklere, \u00e7i\u00e7ekler yapraklara g\u00fcl\u00fcmserdi; kelebekler d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ederdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bah\u00e7enin en \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda, su ark\u0131n\u0131n hemen \u00fcst\u00fcnde Zeki amcan\u0131n Ar\u0131 Dam\u0131<\/em> vard\u0131. Dam\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131 ta\u015f duvar, \u00f6n\u00fc oldu\u011fu gibi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ar\u0131 kovanlar\u0131 yaz k\u0131\u015f burada kal\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n kara kovanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunan ar\u0131lar\u0131n girip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 delik \u00e7amurla kapat\u0131l\u0131r, ar\u0131lar k\u0131\u015f uykusuna yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bahar\u0131n delikler a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, kovanlar g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilerek temizlenirdi. Bah\u00e7edeki t\u00fcm a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n, \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n, bitkilerin \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri ar\u0131lar\u0131n geli\u015fini a\u015fkla beklerdi. Ar\u0131lar \u00e7i\u00e7eklerdeki d\u00f6llenmeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirdi. Ar\u0131 Dam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fc klasik Ergani evleri gibi toprakt\u0131. Zeki amca kar ve ya\u011fmur ya\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dam\u0131n akmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli lo\u011flard\u0131. Ar\u0131 dam\u0131n\u0131n tam \u00f6n\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir t\u00fct a\u011fac\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu t\u00fct a\u011fac\u0131 hem g\u00f6lgesini, hem de g\u00fczelim \u00e7ekirdeksiz tatl\u0131 t\u00fctlerini bizlerden esirgemezdi. Sadece bizler de\u011fil, ku\u015flar ve ar\u0131larda nasiplenirdi. Kavakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131nda akan su ark\u0131nda otlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda ye\u015fil kurba\u011falar bar\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Baharlar\u0131 bu arkta \u00e7ok g\u00fczel yarpuz<\/em> ve acice<\/em> (su teresi) olurdu. Toplay\u0131p ye\u015fillik olarak taze taze veya sofrada yerdik. Anam ve Hatice abla bu acice<\/em>lere bay\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mehmet day\u0131n\u0131n evi ile Saher bac\u0131n\u0131n evi hizas\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru taa mahalleye kadar olan tarla Zelo nenenindi. Abbas dededen kendisine kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Abbas Dedenin Tarlas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. Tarlada Abdulah dede bu\u011fday, arpa, mercimek, k\u00fc\u015fne ekerdi. Son zamanlarda kavun ve karpuzda ekiyordu. Tarlan\u0131n orta k\u0131sm\u0131nda, Saher Bac\u0131n\u0131n Bah\u00e7esi\u2019ne biti\u015fik olan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kavakl\u0131k vard\u0131. \u00c7evresinde ise \u015fam t\u00fct\u00fc, vi\u015fne, ek\u015fi ve tatl\u0131 narlar, meyho\u015f ve tatl\u0131 elma a\u011fa\u00e7lar vard\u0131. Birka\u00e7 tane de a\u015f\u0131s\u0131z er\u00fck<\/em> (yalanc\u0131 kay\u0131s\u0131) a\u011fac\u0131 vard\u0131. Bah\u00e7e ve kavakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan kaynak su ile bah\u00e7e sulan\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun haricinde Saher Bac\u0131n\u0131n Bah\u00e7esi\u2019nin bat\u0131 bitim noktas\u0131nda, \u00c7iftp\u0131nar Yolu\u2019nun kenar\u0131nda ceviz a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n tam dibinde Minto Nenenin Suyu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir g\u00f6ze (\u00e7e\u015fme) daha vard\u0131. Bu su d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc olarak Saher bac\u0131n\u0131n bah\u00e7esinde, Ali ve Bekir amcalar\u0131n bah\u00e7elerinde ve Zelo neneye ait olan Abbas Dedenin Bah\u00e7esi\u2019nde sulamada s\u0131ras\u0131yla ortakla\u015fa kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Makam\u2019a gidip gelenler de bu sudan bol bol i\u00e7erlerdi. Seher bac\u0131n\u0131n evinin alt k\u0131sm\u0131 ve bat\u0131 taraf\u0131 \u00c7iftp\u0131nar Yolu\u2019na kadar ba\u011fl\u0131kt\u0131. Ba\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131 ise bah\u00e7eydi. Seher bac\u0131n\u0131n bah\u00e7esinin alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda Ali ve Bekir amcalar\u0131n bah\u00e7eleri vard\u0131. Abbas Dedenin Tarlas\u0131 ve Seher Bac\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki sinorda i\u011fde a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131, sar\u0131 ve pembe g\u00fcller vard\u0131; g\u00fczel kokard\u0131lar. Do\u011fan\u0131n bize g\u00fcl\u00fcmsemesi olan g\u00fcller a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, pembe g\u00fclleri bazen gizliden a\u015f\u0131rarak bazen de isteyerek al\u0131r g\u00fcl yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00fc\u015felere (\u015fi\u015felere) b\u0131rak\u0131r, \u00fczerine biraz limon tuzu b\u0131rakt\u0131ktan sonra su ile doldurup g\u00fclsuyu \u015ferbeti<\/em> yapard\u0131k. Ba\u011f\u0131n sinorunda birde \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir da\u011fda\u011fan<\/em> a\u011fac\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu da\u011fda\u011fan a\u011fac\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 oldu\u011fu yerde durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evlerin bulundu\u011fu yerin arka taraf\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e bo\u015f bir aland\u0131. Damlar\u0131n arkas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Biz \u00e7ocuklar oyunlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu burada oynard\u0131k. Daha \u00e7ok top oynard\u0131k. Zaman zaman da davarlar\u0131 otlat\u0131rd\u0131k. Davarlar do\u011fal olarak d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lard\u0131. Yazlar\u0131 bok<\/em> pizez<\/em>leri[33]<\/a> bu d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lardan yuvarlakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 boktan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131 yuvarlay\u0131p dururlard\u0131. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Abdullah dede ve Zeki amca evlere yak\u0131n, damlar\u0131n hemen arkas\u0131na bir s\u0131ra t\u00fct a\u011fac\u0131 ektiler. Abdullah dedenin evinin arkas\u0131nda olan \u00e7ekirdeksiz, di\u011ferleri \u00e7ekirdekliydiler. \u00c7ekirdeksiz t\u00fct\u00fcn dibinde soku<\/em> dedi\u011fimiz b\u00fcy\u00fck kaya par\u00e7as\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ta\u015f soku<\/em> (havan-dibek) bulunmaktayd\u0131.[34]<\/a> \u00c7ekirdekli d\u00fctlerin alt\u0131nda bi\u015fme<\/em> zaman\u0131 kazan ve k\u00fcr\u00fcn<\/em> kurulur, burada bulama\u00e7<\/em> yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. 1976\u2019da benim d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcm de burada, dam\u0131n arkas\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131. Her \u015feyiyle d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcm \u00e7ok g\u00fczel olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dam\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki bu bo\u015f alan\u0131n kuzey taraf\u0131 ise Goconun Tepesi\u2019ne kadar Hakk\u0131 G\u00fczel\u2019indi. Dereye taraf olan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019\u0131nda oturan H\u00f6sko (H\u00fcseyin Kan) amca, buran\u0131n bat\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131na Cuma babam \u00fcz\u00fcm teve\u011fi dikti. Ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ba\u011f yapt\u0131lar. Tevekler yeti\u015fince bize ait olan ba\u011f yar\u0131ya b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. Kuzey taraf\u0131 G\u00fczel\u2019lere, g\u00fcney taraf\u0131 babama kald\u0131. Baban sinorlara incir ve payam a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerine armut fidanlar\u0131 getirip dikti. Sonra bizim pay\u0131m\u0131za d\u00fc\u015fen k\u0131sm\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Belediye kamula\u015ft\u0131rarak bir Su Deposu yapt\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan bu su deposunu geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in bize ait olan ba\u011f\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tekrar kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Geriye kalan\u0131 da sonra babam satt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

k\u0131zg\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f alt\u0131nda
ye\u015fil teveklerin aras\u0131nday\u0131m;
elimdeki tahnebi salk\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n habbesinde
par\u0131ld\u0131yor an\u0131lara dalan g\u00f6zlerim.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca tahannebilik<\/em> dedi\u011fimiz bir ba\u011f\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fckbah\u00e7e\u2019nin bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki derenin Maden Yolu\u2019na olan taraf\u0131nda bulunan Zeki (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m) Efendinin Tarlas\u0131\u2019na Cuma babam ve Yahya amca 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fterek tahannebi<\/em> \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc fidanlar\u0131 diktiler. Fidanlar yeti\u015fkin duruma gelince ba\u011f \u00f6nce Zeki Efendi\u2019yle yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya, sonrada iki karde\u015f aras\u0131nda e\u015fit \u015fekilde pay edilip b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc. Sonras\u0131nda da sat\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u00dcz\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7ok g\u00fczeldi ve Ergani\u2019de en erken tahannebi \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc bu ba\u011fda olurdu diyebilirim. Bu ba\u011fla ilgili unutamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m an\u0131m, Ali Haydar\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f budarken elini kesmesi ve babam\u0131 kan tutup bay\u0131lmas\u0131 olay\u0131d\u0131r. Bahar ay\u0131yd\u0131. Ben, Cuma babam ve Ali Haydar ba\u011f\u0131 buduyoruz. Daha do\u011frusu babam ve Ali Haydar buduyor, ben pek beceremedi\u011fimden budanm\u0131\u015f sete<\/em> ve \u00e7irpi<\/em>leri toplay\u0131p ba\u011f\u0131n sinoruna g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp istifliyorum. Nas\u0131l olduysa Haydar keskin dehre<\/em>yi sol el ba\u015fparma\u011f\u0131na vurdu. Ba\u015fparma\u011f\u0131n t\u0131rnak k\u0131sm\u0131 ortadan ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Ben hemen atletimden bir par\u00e7a kopar\u0131p yaral\u0131 parma\u011fa dolad\u0131m. Babam can havliyle yeti\u015fip Haydar\u2019\u0131 s\u0131rt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi hastaneye g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fck. Hastanede parmak temizlendi, dikildi, sar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu i\u015flemler yap\u0131l\u0131rken babam birden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp bay\u0131ld\u0131. Bu olay sayesinde babam\u0131 kan tuttu\u011funu, kan g\u00f6r\u00fcnce bay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f oldum. Zaten evimizde babam\u0131n hi\u00e7 tavuk, horoz kesti\u011fini g\u00f6rmedim. Kesmemesinin nedeni me\u011fer buymu\u015f. Tavuk, horoz kesilecekse ya ben ya da Ali Haydar keserdi, biz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda anam kendisi keserdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7iftp\u0131nar Yolu\u2019nun bat\u0131 taraf\u0131 da Sofibekirlere aitti. Minto Nenenin Suyu\u2019nun hizas\u0131nda bah\u00e7eler bulunurdu. Yolun bat\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131nda Ali amcalar\u0131n bah\u00e7eleri, sonras\u0131nda Mehmet day\u0131n\u0131n bah\u00e7esi, daha sonrada Zekeriya ve Abdullah dedelere ait bah\u00e7e yer al\u0131rd\u0131. Bu bah\u00e7enin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyinde Faho teyzenin (Fahriye K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7kap), g\u00fcney taraf\u0131nda ise Sido bibinin (S\u0131dd\u0131ka \u00c7ak\u0131r) bah\u00e7esi, Sido bibinin bah\u00e7esinin bat\u0131s\u0131nda ise yine Ali ve Bekir amcalar\u0131n bah\u00e7e ve tarlalar\u0131 bulunurdu. T\u00fcm bu bah\u00e7elere B\u00fcy\u00fckbah\u00e7e<\/strong> denirdi. Zekeriya ve Abdullah dedelere ait olan bah\u00e7enin \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6ze ve hemen \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir havuz vard\u0131. T\u00fcm B\u00fcy\u00fckbah\u00e7e\u2019nin sulanmas\u0131 bu g\u00f6zeden yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00f6zenin \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda t\u00fcm Sofibekirlerin ortak kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k bir harman yeri vard\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fckbah\u00e7e\u2019nin alt taraf\u0131nda bulunan kendi tarlalar\u0131na ekti\u011fi bu\u011fday ve arpay\u0131 Abdullah dedenin bu harmanda d\u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve biz \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n burada oyunlar oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, kuzu ve buza\u011f\u0131lar\u0131 otlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Faho teyzenin bah\u00e7esi kendisine babas\u0131 Abbas dededen kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bah\u00e7elerinin \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda Abbas Dedenin Kergesi (Kul\u00fcbesi) vard\u0131. Faho teyze yazlar\u0131 ailece bu kerge<\/em>de kal\u0131rlard\u0131. Abbas dede ise, anlat\u0131lanlara g\u00f6re burada yaz k\u0131\u015f kal\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Buras\u0131 eviymi\u015f. Kergenin \u00f6n taraf\u0131nda kocaman \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fct a\u011fac\u0131 vard\u0131. G\u00f6vdelerine yeti\u015fkin bir insan\u0131n kollar\u0131 kavu\u015fmazd\u0131, \u00f6yle ki b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcler. Abbas dede ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hep bu t\u00fct a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde otururmu\u015f. Sido bibinin de kergesi vard\u0131, yazlar\u0131 burada kal\u0131yordular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harman Yeri\u2019nin do\u011fusunda Esma nenenin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ba\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131. Harman Yeri\u2019nin kuzeyine do\u011fru \u00c7iftp\u0131nar Yolu boyunca s\u0131ras\u0131yla Mehmet day\u0131n\u0131n, Bekir amcan\u0131n, Ali amcan\u0131n, en sonda da Zekeriya ve Abdullah dedenin ba\u011flar\u0131 yer al\u0131yordu. Zekeriya ve Abdullah dedelerin ba\u011f\u0131na B\u00fcy\u00fckba\u011f<\/strong> deniliyordu ve Narl\u0131k\u2019\u0131n alt taraflar\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131yordu. Esma nenenin ba\u011f\u0131 hari\u00e7, di\u011fer t\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131n yeri Sofibekir\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 Hece (Heco)\u2019den miras olarak kalm\u0131\u015f kendilerine. Sofibekir\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 Hece Top\u00e7u ailesinden biriyle evliymi\u015f, \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu tarlay\u0131 karde\u015fi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na vermi\u015f, onlarda bibi<\/em>lerinin (halalar\u0131n\u0131n) tarlas\u0131na ba\u011f ekmi\u015fler.[35]<\/a> Bu ba\u011flar bereket ve g\u00fczellik sa\u00e7ard\u0131. Bi\u015fme zamanlar\u0131, daha ba\u011fa girmeden alt\u0131n k\u00fcpeleri and\u0131ran \u00fcz\u00fcm salk\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00f6z alan \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131da ta uzaktan par\u0131ldard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Narl\u0131k<\/strong>, Goconun Tepesi\u2019nin bat\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. G\u00fczel\u2019lere ait geni\u015f g\u00fczel bir bah\u00e7eydi. Goconun Tepesi\u2019nin do\u011fusunda, Ho\u015frik<\/strong>\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131nda Saray Mahallesi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 Be\u015fikta\u015f<\/strong> diye bildi\u011fimiz yerle\u015fim yeri bulunur. Be\u015fikta\u015f ve Narl\u0131k\u2019\u0131n p\u0131narlar\u0131ndan akan i\u00e7me sular\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczeldi; bah\u00e7eleri b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00e7ok \u015fendi. Da\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde ye\u015fil bir ku\u015fak olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019in kuzeyinde kal\u0131yordular. O zamanlar bizlere evlerimizin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki bah\u00e7eler yetmezmi\u015f gibi s\u0131k s\u0131k Goconun Tepesi\u2019ne, Narl\u0131k\u2019a, Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019\u0131na ve Ho\u015frik\u2019e oynamaya ya da ku\u015f vurmaya giderdik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de sosyal ya\u015fam<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSofi Bekir, Haci Fillo gilleri,
Saray mahlesinden akan selleri,
Makam \u00e7arps\u0131n diyen o saf dilleri,
Unutmad\u0131m, \u2026\u201d<\/em>[36]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de ya\u015fayanlar kendi hallerinde ya\u015fard\u0131. Herkes akrabayd\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 vard\u0131. D\u0131\u015fa kapal\u0131yd\u0131lar. Sosyal etkinliklerden uzakt\u0131lar. Tar\u0131m toplumunun \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. N\u00fcfus kayd\u0131, askere gitme ve vergi vermenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda devletle ili\u015fkileri yok gibiydi[37]<\/a>. Deyim yerindeyse kendi ya\u011flar\u0131nda kavruluyorlard\u0131. Ve hallerinden de memnundular. D\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lmak isteyenlere, de\u011fi\u015fik \u015feyler yapmak isteyenlere aile b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimiz kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Gerek\u00e7e olarak da \u201cneye ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var, \u015f\u00fck\u00fcrler olsun ba\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, bah\u00e7emiz, tarlam\u0131z, davar\u0131m\u0131z, her \u015feyimiz var<\/em>,\u201d derlerdi. Bu aray\u0131\u015flara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7e kapan\u0131kl\u0131k aile fertlerinin ekonomik, sosyal ve ticari geli\u015fmesine sonradan \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de 7 ev vard\u0131. Bu evlerin kap\u0131lar\u0131 kapanmaz\/\u00f6rt\u00fclmezdi. Hep a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ancak kimselerin kalmayaca\u011f\u0131, ba\u011fa, bah\u00e7eye, ekine, tarlaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya hep birlikte gidilece\u011fi zamanlar kap\u0131lar kapat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00fcven vard\u0131. Aile ili\u015fkileri iyiydi. \u00c7o\u011funlukla sevgi ve sayg\u0131 vard\u0131. Kavga d\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u015f olmazd\u0131. Herkes kendi yerini bilirdi. Kimsenin kimseden sakl\u0131s\u0131 gizlisi olmazd\u0131. Ka\u00e7ma g\u00f6\u00e7me de olmazd\u0131. \u00d6zel hayat m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi, herkes herkesin hayat\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeydi. \u0130\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015fan\u0131rd\u0131. Kad\u0131nlar her saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Bo\u015f say\u0131lacak zamanlarda yaz\u0131n ar\u0131\u015f\u0131n dibinde ya da g\u00f6zenin yan\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00fct a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda hem yap\u0131lacak i\u015fleri yaparlard\u0131 hem de sohbet ederlerdi. Erkekler kendi yapt\u0131klar\u0131 veya yapabildikleri i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Babam bo\u015f oldu\u011funda kahvede solu\u011fu al\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz kasaba merkezine zorunlu olmad\u0131k\u00e7a inilmezdi. Abdullah dede sadece Cuma g\u00fcnleri \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya iner, namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131lar, avc\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131yla sohbet edip k\u0131rtlama<\/em> \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erdi. Babam ve Abdullah dedenin haricinde kahveye giden yoktu. Biz \u00e7ocuklar ise oyun oynar, verilen i\u015fleri yapar ya da okulda olurduk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de geni\u015f aile ya\u015fam\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ekirdek aile ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131 bizlerden \u00e7ok uzaklardayd\u0131 o zamanlar. Hep birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, hep birlikte ya\u015fard\u0131k. Anneanne, babaanne gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri bilmezdik. Annelerimize abla, nenelerimize ana derdik. Amca ve halalar analar\u0131m\u0131za yenge demez, ya\u015f\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olanlar abla, b\u00fcy\u00fck olanlar ismiyle hitap ederdi. Halalar\u0131m\u0131za bibi, teyzelerimize deyza derdik. Ortaokula gitmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca yava\u015f yava\u015f analar\u0131m\u0131za ana demeye ba\u015flad\u0131k ancak. Ninelerimize ana demeyi de sonuna kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evlere ailece gidip gelmeler \u00f6zellikle k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda ak\u015famlar\u0131 olurdu. Bazen Abdullah dedeye, bazen Zekeriya amcaya ve bazen de Yahya amcaya giderdik oturmaya. Ama en \u00e7ok oturmaya onlar gelirdi bize. Esma nene zaten her zaman bizdeydi. Oturmalarda \u00e7ay kahve yoktu. Pastu\u011f<\/em> (pestil), kesme, sucuk (\u00e7ok nadir olarak), kuru \u00fcz\u00fcm, kumda kavrulmu\u015f nohut (leblebi), e\u015fbabiya<\/em> (erik, kay\u0131s\u0131 kurutmas\u0131) ortaya konulurdu. Bunlar yenilirken bir yandan da ba\u011f, bah\u00e7e i\u015fleri, konu kom\u015fu ve ya\u015fanan olaylar konu\u015fulurdu. \u00c7ay, \u00e7ok sonralar\u0131, 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131za girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu gidip gelmelerde nedense Mehmet day\u0131lara pek gidilmezdi. \u0130li\u015fkiler s\u0131cak de\u011fildi, biraz ayr\u0131k gibi \u00f6tede dururlard\u0131\/tutulurlard\u0131. Bir i\u015fleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlar ne onlar gelirdi, ne de di\u011ferleri onlara giderdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gelip gitmelerden birde Zelo nenenin Q\u0131le\u015f (K\u0131le\u015f\/\u015e\u00f6len) k\u00f6y\u00fcnden deyza<\/em>s\u0131n\u0131n (teyzesinin) k\u0131z\u0131 Zibide\u2019nin geli\u015fini hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Zibide deyza \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019e her geldi\u011finde mutlaka \u00e7al\u0131 s\u00fcp\u00fcrgesi getirirdi. Bir de kasaba d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, \u00c7ermik\u2019ten Faho dedem, \u015eavk\u0131ya nenem ve day\u0131lar\u0131m, deyzalar\u0131m gelip giderdiler. Baz\u0131 zamanlar da \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019e dervi\u015fler gelirdi. Ellerinde uzun de\u011fnekler olurdu. Sa\u00e7lar\u0131 omuzlar\u0131nda l\u00fcle l\u00fcleydi. Sadece ekmek ve giysi isterlerdi. Zarars\u0131z insanlard\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131p \u00e7\u0131rpmayla, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131kla bir alakalar\u0131 yoktu. Kendilerine ekmek ve giysi verilirdi. Verilenin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bazen dua okurlard\u0131, bazen de dua okumadan sessizce \u00e7ekip giderlerdi. Ha, bir de her bahar bah\u00e7elerimize Ermeniler gelirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de sosyal etkinlikler s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131. Dini bayramlarda bayramla\u015f\u0131r, eller \u00f6p\u00fcl\u00fcr, bayram har\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131 toplan\u0131rd\u0131 ve aile mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret edilirdi. Bayram yemekleri her zamanki yemeklerden nicelik ve nitelik olarak \u00e7ok farkl\u0131yd\u0131. Fakl\u0131 yemek yapmalar\u0131n nedeni sadece mideleri doldurmak i\u00e7in de\u011fildi, ama\u00e7 hep birlikte g\u00f6zleri \u015fenlendirip birlikte var olu\u015fun g\u00fczelli\u011fini payla\u015fmakt\u0131. Baz\u0131 g\u00fcnler mevlit okutulurdu. \u00c7ocuklar ilk di\u015fini \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mutlaka hedik<\/em> yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. S\u00fcnnet, ni\u015fan, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve taziyenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pek fazla bir yerlere gidilmezdi. Bahar geldi\u011finde 21 Mart\u2019ta Sultan<\/em> Nevruz<\/em> (Newroz), 6 May\u0131s\u2019ta da H\u0131d\u0131rellez<\/em> kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklarca birlikte kendi bah\u00e7elerimizde kutlan\u0131rd\u0131. En yeni ve en g\u00fczel elbiseler giyinilir; k\u0131s\u0131r, tirit, mercimek k\u00f6ftesi yap\u0131l\u0131r, sarmalar sar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Yumurtalar kaynat\u0131l\u0131p nergizleme<\/em>[38]<\/a> yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00fcrk\u00fcler s\u00f6ylenip, oyunlar oynan\u0131rd\u0131. Kutlamalara bazen kom\u015fu kad\u0131nlar da gelirdi. Bu etkinliklerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bazen de \u00fc\u00e7 be\u015f ki\u015fi birlikte kasabadaki akrabalara, Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019\u0131na, Makam\u2019a ve \u00c7ermik-Hamamba\u015f\u0131\u2019na gezme veya misafirliklere gidilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019e zaman zaman zikir<\/em> i\u00e7in Berber \u00d6mer (K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7kap), T\u00fcrbedar Ahmet (Y\u0131lmaz), H\u0131d\u0131r \u00c7ak\u0131n, Ali \u00dcz\u00fclmez, \u0130smail ve Cahver U\u011fur karde\u015fler, Cemekli Abbas (Solmaz) gibi tan\u0131d\u0131k erkekler gelirdi. \u00d6nceleri Zekeriya amcada, sonralar\u0131 genellikle bizim evde bir odada toplan\u0131p, arabana<\/em> e\u015fli\u011finde bir hu\u015fu i\u00e7erisinde, erkek erke\u011fe zikir ederlerdi. Kad\u0131nlar ba\u015fka bir odada sadece s\u00f6ylenen ilahileri dinler ve erkeklere hizmet ederdiler. Devlet bask\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle, zikir edildi\u011fi zamanlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve \u015eam t\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn yanlar\u0131nda ben ve Haydar n\u00f6bet tutard\u0131k, asker ve polis geldi\u011finde haber vermek i\u00e7in. O d\u00f6nem Zekeriya amca ve Cuma babam Rufai <\/em>tarikat\u0131 mensubuydular, ama sonra her ikisi de bu tarikattan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Abdullah dedenin zikirle ve tarikatla hi\u00e7bir ili\u015fkisi, alakas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de kad\u0131nlar evin i\u00e7inde, ba\u011fda, bah\u00e7ede, tarlada zubun<\/em>\/fistan<\/em>\/entari<\/em>, de\u015f\u00fck<\/em> (\u015falvar) giyerdiler; ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 da etraf\u0131 i\u015flemeli beyaz \u00e7it<\/em>\/le\u00e7ek<\/em>le (t\u00fclbent) kapat\u0131rlard\u0131. Gezmeye gittiklerinde ise temiz ve g\u00fczel giyinip ipek siyah \u00e7ar\u015fafla \u00f6rt\u00fcn\u00fcrlerdi. \u00c7ar\u015faf giymeler dini gereklilikten \u00e7ok adetten oldu\u011fu i\u00e7indi. 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u00e7ar\u015faf giymeler terk edildi, yerini manto ve pard\u00f6s\u00fc ald\u0131. Erkeklerin ya\u015fl\u0131 olanlar\u0131 \u015falvar ve ceket giyerdi; ba\u015flar\u0131na da Diyarbak\u0131r i\u015fi k\u00f6\u015feli \u015fapka ge\u00e7irirlerdi. Orta ya\u015f ve alt\u0131nda olanlar ise katl\u0131k<\/em> (tak\u0131m elbise), pantolon ve ceket giyerdi; \u015fapka takmaz, ba\u015flar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evlerde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fulurdu. Zekeriya ve Abdullah dedeler K\u00fcrt\u00e7e, Zazaca bilmezdi. Zelo nene iyi denilecek kadar, \u015eado abla, Hatice abla ve Cuma babam \u00e7ok az K\u00fcrt\u00e7e bilirlerdi[39]<\/a>. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019e K\u00fcrt\u00e7e konu\u015fan \u00e7er\u00e7i, dilenci geldi\u011finde veya yolu d\u00fc\u015fenlerle Zelo nene, \u015eado abla, Hatice abla ve Cuma babam onlarla konu\u015fur ve konu\u015fulanlar\u0131 terc\u00fcme ederlerdi.[40]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zekeriya amca ve Abdullah dede ta\u015f yontma ve duvar ustas\u0131yd\u0131lar. Zekeriya amca \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ergani\u2019de ve \u00e7evre illerde, il\u00e7elerde bu i\u015fi yapard\u0131. \u00c7ift\u00e7ilikle u\u011fra\u015fmazd\u0131, ama ba\u011f, bah\u00e7e i\u015fleriyle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 Ortak Nebo adl\u0131 biri ekip bi\u00e7erdi. Gen\u00e7li\u011finde sansar av\u0131na \u00e7ok merakl\u0131ym\u0131\u015f, taz\u0131yla dav\u015fan avlamas\u0131n\u0131 severmi\u015f. Teyri<\/em> isminde bir taz\u0131s\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f. Bu taz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131\u015f\u0131n odada soban\u0131n yan\u0131nda beslermi\u015f. Baz\u0131 zamanlar babas\u0131yla (C\u00fcma dedeyle) taz\u0131yla dav\u015fan av\u0131na gidi\u015flerini anlat\u0131rd\u0131. C\u00fcma dede de taz\u0131 av\u0131na merakl\u0131ym\u0131\u015f ve taz\u0131 beslermi\u015f. Abdullah dedenin ise iyi bir usta olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ustal\u0131k i\u015fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olmad\u0131m; ba\u011f, bah\u00e7e i\u015fleriyle, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. En iyi bildi\u011fi \u015fey \u00e7ift\u00e7ilikti. Arta kalan zamanlar\u0131nda ise avc\u0131l\u0131k yapard\u0131. U\u00e7an\u0131, ka\u00e7an\u0131 vururdu. Ama en \u00e7ok \u00e7at\u0131 av\u0131n\u0131 severdi; \u00e7at\u0131 kekli\u011fi beslerdi, evinde her zaman iki veya \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ift keklik kafesi vard\u0131. Kekliklerini toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel otlarla ve bu\u011fday taneleriyle besler, zevk alarak ve \u00f6zenle sular\u0131n\u0131 verirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131\u015flar\u0131 Abdullah dede \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131dan barut, sa\u00e7ma, kaps\u00fcl, ke\u00e7e, karton ve mermi kovan\u0131 al\u0131r ak\u015famlar\u0131 av haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapard\u0131. Kovanlara \u00f6nce barut b\u0131rak\u0131rd\u0131, sonra ke\u00e7e b\u0131rak\u0131rd\u0131 ve g\u00fczelce s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Bu s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan sonra kur\u015fun sa\u00e7malar\u0131n\u0131 kovana b\u0131rak\u0131r ve en \u00fcst k\u0131smada yuvarlak kesilmi\u015f bir karton kapak yerle\u015ftirdi. Ufak, elle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kovan a\u011f\u0131z k\u0131v\u0131rma makinas\u0131 (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir mengene t\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczenek) yard\u0131m\u0131yla kovan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki barut, sa\u00e7ma, ke\u00e7e g\u00fczelce s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve kovan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131z k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7e do\u011fru k\u0131vr\u0131larak kapat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sa\u00e7man\u0131n boyutu avlanacak av hayvan\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015firdi. Torunlar olarak Abdullah dedenin ba\u015f\u0131na toplan\u0131r, yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 zevkle ve hayranl\u0131kla tema\u015fa ederdik. Dolma horozlu t\u00fcfeklerde barut, ke\u00e7e, sa\u00e7ma do\u011frudan t\u00fcfe\u011fin namlusuna konularak harbi<\/em> vas\u0131tas\u0131yla s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kaps\u00fcl sadece horozlu t\u00fcfeklerde kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sonralar\u0131 k\u0131rmal\u0131, \u00e7ifte av t\u00fcfekleri al\u0131nd\u0131. Dedemiz ava gitti\u011finde hemen hemen bo\u015f d\u00f6nmezdi; keklik, v\u0131tik<\/em>[41]<\/a>, b\u0131ld\u0131rc\u0131n, dav\u015fan<\/em> (tav\u015fan), sansar, k\u00fclbe\u015fik<\/em> (porsuk), t\u00fclki (tilki) getirirdi. Sansar, k\u00fclbe\u015fik ve t\u00fclki derisi i\u00e7in avlan\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00fclki ve k\u00fclbe\u015fi\u011fin post<\/em>u (derisi) al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra eti bana veya Ali Haydar\u2019a verilerek Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019\u0131nda oturan H\u00f6sko amcaya g\u00f6nderilirdi. H\u00f6sko amcalar \u015eafii<\/em> mezhebinden olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131n etini yiyordular, bizler Hanefi<\/em> oldu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in yemezdik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En \u00e7ok evcil hayvan besleyen Abdullah dedeydi. Koyunlar\u0131, kuzular\u0131, inekleri, \u00f6k\u00fczleri e\u015fe\u011fi vard\u0131. \u00d6k\u00fcz ve e\u015fe\u011fine \u00e7ok de\u011fer verir, bunlara g\u00f6z\u00fc gibi bakard\u0131. Di\u011fer hayvanlar\u0131n bak\u0131m ve beslenmesi ise ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir sorundu. Benim \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumda Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019\u0131nda oturan H\u00f6sko amcan\u0131n o\u011flu Emin (Kan) kar\u0131n toklu\u011funa \u00e7obanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yordu. Emin zaman zaman dedelerde kal\u0131rd\u0131. Daha \u00f6nceleri Yahya amca \u00e7obanl\u0131k yap\u0131yormu\u015f, ama ben hat\u0131rlam\u0131yorum. Emin\u2019den sonra davarlar\u0131 Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019\u0131n\u0131n nah\u0131r<\/em>ina[42]<\/a> katmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019\u0131ndan Dursun (Yerlikaya) ve Bekir (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckkaya) o zamanlar Be\u015fikta\u015f nah\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7obanlar\u0131yd\u0131. Abdullah dede daha sonralar\u0131 koyun beslemeye son verdi. Anam\u0131n ve \u015eado ablan\u0131n ine\u011fini ise Saray Mahallesi\u2019nin nah\u0131r\u0131na katmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. Bu nah\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7obanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kollo Muharrem, han\u0131m\u0131 ve k\u0131z\u0131 ailece birlikte yap\u0131yordular. Nah\u0131r, Makam Yolu\u2019ndan (\u00c7\u00fct P\u0131har\/\u00c7iftp\u0131nar Yolu\u2019ndan) da\u011flara g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Sabahlar\u0131 ben, karde\u015flerim ya da amca \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 davarlar\u0131 nah\u0131ra g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp katard\u0131k, ak\u015famlar\u0131 da nah\u0131r\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde hayvanlar\u0131 tek tek ay\u0131r\u0131p eve getirirdik. Yaz\u0131n nah\u0131r\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi zamanlar toprak yoldan sar\u0131 tozlar g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne y\u00fckselirdi. Ku\u015fluk vakitleri g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n vuru\u015fuyla k\u0131z\u0131lla\u015fan bu toz bulutuna hayvan kokusu e\u015flik ederdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koyun ve inek beslemelerine kar\u015f\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de kurban kesilmezdi. Kurban kesimine hi\u00e7 tan\u0131k olmad\u0131m. B\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlar sadece ya sakatland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da hastaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kesilirdi. O da kasap yeti\u015femedi\u011fi durumlarda. Kasap yeti\u015firse hayvan kasaplara sat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca inek ve koyunlar\u0131n olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bolca s\u00fct i\u00e7emez ve yo\u011furt yiyemezdik. Anlataca\u011f\u0131m bir an\u0131m bu duruma g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnektir. Eskiden beri yo\u011furdu \u00e7ok severim. \u00c7ocukken sofraya yo\u011furt b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ek\u015fili<\/em> ya da fettir<\/em> ekme\u011fi parmaklar\u0131m aras\u0131nda kep\u00e7e gibi yap\u0131p yo\u011furda dald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, anam karde\u015flerimin de yeterince yiyebilmesi i\u00e7in elime \u00e7akt\u0131rmadan ka\u015f\u0131kla vurur ve karde\u015flerimin anlamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde yar\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yar\u0131 K\u00fcrd\u00e7e; inek tektir, yerken ekme\u011fi tav\u015fankula\u011f\u0131 gibi yapma anlam\u0131nda: \u201cManga min yeke. dav\u015fan kula\u011f\u0131 meke<\/em>\u201d[43]<\/a> diyerek hep uyar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de i\u015fler \u00e7o\u011funlukla imece usul\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ailece, \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk, gelinler, k\u0131zlar herkes ba\u011f, bah\u00e7e, tarla i\u015flerinde Zekeriya ve Abdullah dedeye yard\u0131m ederdi. Meyvelerin toplanmas\u0131, ekinin bi\u00e7ilmesi, hayvanlar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131 ve beslenmesi, tarladan bu\u011fday ve arpan\u0131n bi\u00e7ilmesi, harman\u0131n d\u00f6v\u00fclmesi ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 yap\u0131lan i\u015flerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelirdi. \u00dccretsiz yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda torunlara, gelinlere toplanan meyve, sebze ve tah\u0131l \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden bazen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir miktar verilirdi, bazen de hi\u00e7 verilmezdi. B\u00f6yle olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n herkes kendisini \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda hissederdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Babam genellikle ta\u015f yontuculu\u011fu, duvar ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapard\u0131. Bazen de arada bir kahve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130yi de kumar oynard\u0131. Sonra yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na Hollanda\u2019ya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gitti. 3-4 y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p d\u00f6nd\u00fc. D\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra Belediye Park\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda toptan ve perakende g\u0131da d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131, bu i\u015fi yapamay\u0131nca kapatt\u0131. 1980\u2019lerde bir ara Meydan\u2019da av malzemesi satan bir d\u00fckk\u00e2n a\u00e7t\u0131, ama \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrd\u00fc, bunu da kapatt\u0131. Sonras\u0131nda ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, ba\u011f ve bah\u00e7e i\u015fleriyle u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131. 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Malatya\u2019dan Ligorn<\/em> cinsi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 t\u00fcyl\u00fc tavuklar getirdi. Bu tavuklar bol etliydi. Yumurtalar\u0131 da kendileri gibi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve iriydiler. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda Montofon<\/em> cinsi Hollanda ine\u011fi getirdi. Hem tavuklar, hem inekler hastal\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcp gittiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler saatle 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zekeriya amcan\u0131n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kulplu bir masa saati vard\u0131. Saatin \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda iki \u00e7an ve \u00e7anlar aras\u0131nda da \u00e7anlar\u0131 d\u00f6verek ses \u00e7\u0131karan (zil \u00e7alan) bir tokmak vard\u0131. Saatin kulpu \u00e7anlar\u0131n tepesine montaj edilmi\u015fti. Saat kulpundan duvara as\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ezan saatlerini ve Ramazan ay\u0131nda iftar vaktini sormalarda hep bu saate bak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Radyo ile tan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z ise 1965-66\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda transistorlu (pilli) bir radyoyu Cuma babam\u0131n almas\u0131yla oldu. Ak\u015fam\u00fczerleri evin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir sandalyenin \u00fczerine radyo konulur ajans, yani haberler dinlenilirdi. Haberler bitince radyo kapat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 pili bitmesin diye. Kirlenmesin, tozlanmas\u0131n diye anam kanavi\u00e7e i\u015flemeli beyaz bir \u00f6rt\u00fc ile radyonun \u00fczerini s\u00fcrekli kapat\u0131rd\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019in televizyon ve foto\u011fraf makinas\u0131yla tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da babam\u0131n Hollanda da \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, 1973 veya 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda bunlar\u0131 Hollanda\u2019dan getirmesiyle oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yahya amca 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Meydan\u2019da F\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131 Ali\u2019nin f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda bir bakkal d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131.[44]<\/a> 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda bu bakkal d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 Zeki amcaya devir edip kendisi \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocu\u011fuyla \u0130stanbul\u2019a gitti. R\u0131zk\u0131n\u0131 burada aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Plastik i\u015fine girdi. Yahya amca bakkall\u0131k ve plastik i\u015finin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda eskiden ta\u015f yontuculu\u011fu, kahvecilik, kat\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131k, teneke kutu al\u0131m sat\u0131m\u0131, seyyar sat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k gibi de\u011fi\u015fik i\u015flerde yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zeki amca resmiyette Zekeriya amcan\u0131n o\u011fluydu. Bu nedenle Zekeriya amcan\u0131n hissesine d\u00fc\u015fen i\u015flerde can\u0131n\u0131 di\u015fine takarak bir ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Ekin ekmek, a\u011fa\u00e7 dikmek, a\u011fa\u00e7 budamak, ekin yeri haz\u0131rlamak, sebze ve meyveleri toplamak, ineklere bakmak, yo\u011furdu satmak, \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131dan al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f yapmak Zeki amcan\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerdi. Sonra Meydan\u2019da bakkall\u0131k yapt\u0131. 1975\u2019te Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da PTT Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u0131nava bir rastlant\u0131 sonucu girerek engelli kadrosundan (amcam\u0131n aya\u011f\u0131 aks\u0131yordu) Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019\u0131n A\u011f\u0131n il\u00e7esinde Postahaneye hizmetli (odac\u0131) kadrosunda devlet memuru oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zeki amcan\u0131n \u00e7ok g\u00fczel pa\u00e7al\u0131 taklac\u0131 g\u00fcvercinleri ve gereze horozlar\u0131 vard\u0131. Askere gidinceye kadar besledi. Askerden geldikten sonra g\u00fcvercin ve gereze horoz beslemeyi b\u0131rakt\u0131. O eski zamanlarda ak\u015famlar\u0131 g\u00fcnbat\u0131m\u0131na yak\u0131n havada g\u00fcvercinlerin \u00e7arpan kanatlar\u0131n\u0131n sesini dinlemek keyif verici farkl\u0131 bir g\u00fczellikti. Sonralar\u0131 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda babam g\u00fcvercin beslemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. O da b\u0131rakt\u0131. Sonradan \u0130stanbul\u2019da amcao\u011flu Celal, Ergani\u2019de karde\u015fim \u015eadan g\u00fcvercin beslemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Celal ve \u015eadan halen beslemektedirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hamza amcan\u0131n bir mesle\u011fi ve i\u015fi yoktu. Abdullah dedenin evinde kal\u0131yordu. Dedenin i\u015flerine yard\u0131m ederdi, ama \u00e7o\u011funlukla kaytar\u0131rd\u0131. Babam gibi oda kumarc\u0131yd\u0131. F\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 bulunca kumar oynamaya ko\u015fard\u0131. Abdullah dede de basard\u0131 k\u00fcfr\u00fc. \u0130\u015fler de genellikle Ali Haydar\u2019la bana kal\u0131rd\u0131. Hi\u00e7 unutmam. 13-14 ya\u015flar\u0131nda olmal\u0131y\u0131m. Abdullah dedenin b\u00fcy\u00fck beyaz e\u015fe\u011fine bu\u011fday y\u00fcklemi\u015f, Hamza amcayla Hersin k\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131n\u0131nda Hersin \u00e7ay\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunan su de\u011firmenine \u00f6\u011f\u00fctmeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyoruz. Koloparma\u011f\u0131n Bah\u00e7esi\u2019ni ge\u00e7ip G\u00fclbaran\u2019\u0131n alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde; \u201cYe\u011fenim, sen e\u015fe\u011fi s\u00fcr. Benim ufak bir i\u015fim var, arkandan gelece\u011fim. E\u015fek yolu biliyor,<\/em>\u201d deyip kumara gitti. Ben ve bu\u011fday y\u00fckl\u00fc e\u015fek ba\u015f ba\u015fa kald\u0131k. E\u015fe\u011fi s\u00fcr\u00fcp Hersin \u00e7ay\u0131na geldim. \u00c7ay\u0131 ge\u00e7erken e\u015fek suyun i\u00e7inde yakla\u015f\u0131k iki metre uzunlu\u011funda, bir kar\u0131\u015f kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kocaman kara bir y\u0131lan\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u00fcrkt\u00fc. D\u00f6v\u00fcyorum, yular\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekiyorum, ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131p \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorum bana m\u0131s\u0131n demiyor. Dereyi ge\u00e7miyor. Hem y\u0131landan hem e\u015fe\u011fin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn devrilmesinden korkuyorum, hem de e\u015fe\u011fi inatla dereden ge\u00e7irmek istiyorum. Neyse ki sesime sakal\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 bir amca yeti\u015fti. \u201cNe oldu, ne var<\/em>?\u201d diye seslendi. Ben, kafa k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 iki kaya aras\u0131na sokmu\u015f ve kara bedeni kal\u0131n bir halat gibi suda sal\u0131nan y\u0131lana bakarak; \u201cBurada suyun i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir karay\u0131lan var. E\u015fek korkup ge\u00e7miyor. De\u011firmene gidece\u011fim,<\/em>\u201d diye derdimi anlatt\u0131m. Ya\u015fl\u0131 amca; \u201c\u00c7ocu\u011fum korkma, y\u0131lana da kar\u0131\u015fma. O karay\u0131lan ziyarettir. Bir \u015fey yapmaz. \u00c7ay\u0131n yukar\u0131s\u0131nda suyun ge\u00e7it verece\u011fi ba\u015fka bir yer var. E\u015fe\u011fi oradan ge\u00e7ir,<\/em>\u201d diye yard\u0131m etti. De\u011firmene gidince de\u011firmenci e\u015fe\u011fi tan\u0131d\u0131. \u201cBu e\u015fek \u00dc\u00e7evli Abdullah\u2019\u0131n e\u015fe\u011fi, sen nesi oluyorsun<\/em>?\u201d diye sordu. Ben torunu oldu\u011fumu s\u00f6yledim. E\u015fekten y\u00fck\u00fc indirdi, \u00f6\u011f\u00fctt\u00fc, e\u015fe\u011fe y\u00fckledi beni g\u00f6nderdi. Ben; \u201cDedem paran\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131da size verecek,<\/em>\u201d deyince; \u201cTamam\u2026 Tamam,<\/em>\u201d deyip g\u00fcl\u00fcmsedi. Un y\u00fckl\u00fc e\u015fekle o g\u00fcn tek ba\u015f\u0131ma eve geldim. Hamza amca, sonradan polis memuru oldu. Polis olmas\u0131yla birlikte Sofibekirler\u2019den ilk devlet memuru olma unvan\u0131n\u0131 da kazanm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u011firmene bir olayl\u0131 bu\u011fday g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm daha var. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda olmal\u0131. Abdullah dedenin yine kat\u0131r kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck e\u015fe\u011fine bu\u011fday y\u00fcklenmi\u015f \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131da Dicle Yolu\u2019nun hemen giri\u015finde elektrik enerjisiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Kotekanl\u0131lar\u0131n De\u011firmeni\u2019ne bu defa tek ba\u015f\u0131ma kendim g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyorum. \u00c7iftp\u0131nar Yolu\u2019ndan \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya geldim, Belediye Park\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunan caddeden ge\u00e7erken, H\u00fck\u00fcmet Kona\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Adil (\u00d6zt\u00fcrk) amcan\u0131n d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n hizas\u0131nda yolun ortas\u0131nda birden silahlar patlad\u0131. Caddenin ortas\u0131nda adam\u0131n biri yere y\u0131\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130nsanlar tema\u015fa i\u00e7in toplanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. E\u015fek t\u0131rst\u0131\/\u00fcrkt\u00fc, ben de hali ile korktum. E\u015fe\u011fi yular\u0131ndan tutup hemen olay yerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131m. Sonradan yerde yatan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, vuran\u0131n da Y\u00fcsri G\u00fcldo\u011fan oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dedi\u011fim gibi, \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de i\u015f hi\u00e7 bitmezdi. Herkes \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131; bahar\u0131n ba\u011f ve bah\u00e7eleri bak\u0131mdan ge\u00e7irme, budama, \u00e7al\u0131 \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131y\u0131 toplama, a\u011fa\u00e7 dikme, sebze ekme, sulama, olan meyve ve sebzeleri toplama, ta\u015f\u0131ma; tarlalar\u0131 ekme\/bi\u00e7me, harman d\u00f6vme, hasad\u0131 ve saman\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma, ot bi\u00e7me, hayvanlara bakmak kad\u0131nl\u0131\/erkekli en \u00e7ok yap\u0131lan i\u015flerdi. Kad\u0131nlar sanki i\u015f i\u00e7in yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131, hamarat olmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n i\u015fleri yine de hi\u00e7 bitmezdi. Genel olarak yap\u0131lan i\u015flere ek olarak yemek haz\u0131rlama, \u00e7ocuklara bakma, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\/bula\u015f\u0131k y\u0131kam\u2026 g\u00fcnl\u00fck yap\u0131lan belli ba\u015fl\u0131 i\u015fleriydi. Bahar, yaz, g\u00fcz, k\u0131\u015f demez durmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beslenme ile ilgili yap\u0131lan i\u015flerden baz\u0131lar\u0131na \u00e7ok k\u0131sa de\u011finmek istiyorum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u015f ve ekmek pi\u015firme<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u015famlar\u0131 havalar iyi oldu\u011funda kozikteki, havalar iyi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise aral\u0131kta bulunan kara ocaklarda a\u015f kaynar, yemekler pi\u015ferdi. Ocaklardan \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7ok duman yeme\u011fin bollu\u011funa i\u015faretti. Temel g\u0131dam\u0131z olan ekmek f\u0131r\u0131ndan al\u0131nmazd\u0131. F\u0131r\u0131na ekmek pi\u015firme i\u00e7in hamur bile g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmezdi. Ekmek genellikle evlerde pi\u015firilirdi. Yaz\u0131n kozikte, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n aral\u0131kta bulunan kara ocakta sac \u00fczerinde ek\u015fili (mayal\u0131 hamurdan) ve fettir<\/em> dedi\u011fimiz (mayas\u0131z hamurdan) yufka ekmekler pi\u015firilirdi. \u201cEkmeklerin i\u015ftah a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 kokusu evden eve, ta iki sokak \u00f6teye yay\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eehirdekiler gibi beyaz ekmek de\u011fildi, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 esmerdi, inceydi<\/em>.\u201d[45]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizim zaman\u0131m\u0131zda ekmek \u00e7ok yenirdi. Ekmek olmay\u0131nca kar\u0131n doymazd\u0131. Ocak ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131zg\u0131n sac \u00fczerinde pi\u015fen k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015f ekme\u011fi i\u015ftahla yemek \u00e7ok g\u00fczeldi. E\u011fer sac \u00fczerinde ekmek pi\u015firildi\u011fi zaman s\u0131cak ekme\u011fin aras\u0131na bir tike<\/em> (par\u00e7a, lokma) kavurma b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131p biz \u00e7ocuklara verilirse bayram ederdik, \u015fayet ya\u011f veya sal\u00e7a s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse sadece sevinirdik. \u00c7\u00f6rek yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlar pi\u015firme i\u00e7in f\u0131r\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fck. \u00c7\u00f6rek genellikle dini bayramlarda yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Anlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, ben ve benden \u00f6nceki ku\u015faklar; T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt, Zaza, Ermeni o d\u00f6nem ekmekle doyan, ekmekle b\u00fcy\u00fcyen, ekmekle ya\u015fayanlard\u0131k. Nimetlerin \u015fah\u0131yd\u0131 ekmek bizler i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de yemek yedildikten sonra aile b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimiz, \u201cAllah kimseyi a\u00e7l\u0131kla terbiye etmesin!<\/em>\u201d diye dua ederdi. Bundan \u015funu anl\u0131yorum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131tl\u0131k y\u0131llar\u0131nda herkes gibi aile b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimizde \u00e7ok ac\u0131 ve a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekmi\u015fler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bulgur kaynatma ve sokuda d\u00f6vme<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temel yiyece\u011fimizin birincisi ekmekti. \u0130kincisi ise bulgurdu. Bulgur haz\u0131r al\u0131nmazd\u0131, kendimiz yapard\u0131k. Yap\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok zahmetliydi. Eyl\u00fcl ve Ekim aylar\u0131nda evlerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck ocaklar yap\u0131l\u0131r ve bu ocaklar\u0131n \u00fczerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bak\u0131r kazanlar kurulurdu. \u00d6nceden ayarlanm\u0131\u015f bu\u011fdaylar bu kazanlarda g\u00fczelce kaynat\u0131l\u0131p ha\u015flan\u0131rd\u0131. Sonra ha\u015flanan bu\u011fday kevgir<\/em>lerle \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p damlara serilen b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e bezlerin \u00fczerinde g\u00fcne\u015fte kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Dam\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki ta\u015f soku        <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

            <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

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D\u00f6ner bir el de\u011firmeni<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biz u\u015fah<\/em>lar (\u00e7ocuklar) o zamanlar kaynam\u0131\u015f bulguru ufak \u00fcsk\u00fcre<\/em> (tas) veya tabaklara doldurur \u00fczerine az\u0131c\u0131k duz<\/em> (tuz) serperek hem yer, hem de e\u011flenirdik. Bezlerde kuruyan ha\u015flanm\u0131\u015f bu\u011fday daha sonra Abdullah dedenin evinin arkas\u0131nda bulunan ta\u015f sokuda (dibekte) az\u0131c\u0131k \u0131slat\u0131larak tokmaklarla d\u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcp tane kepe\u011finden, zar\u0131ndan s\u0131yr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sokuda tokmakla d\u00f6vme i\u015fi bir veya iki ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sokudan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan d\u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcp zar\u0131ndan ay\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f bu\u011fday tekrar bezlerin \u00fczerinde kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sonra eleklerle elenip savrularak kepe\u011fi tanesinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Taneler kad\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan el de\u011firmenlerinde \u00e7ekilerek veya kiralanan bulgur de\u011firmenlerinde \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclerek pilavl\u0131k bulgur, k\u00f6ftelik bulgur, yarmal\u0131k, k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131k, d\u00f6\u011fme, c\u00fcc\u00fck (i\u00e7li k\u00f6fte bulguru)\u2026 elde edilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Mercimek ise \u00f6nce elenir, ta\u015f\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6p\u00fc ay\u0131klan\u0131r, sonra da d\u00f6ner el de\u011firmenlerinde \u00e7ekilirdi. \u00c7ekilmi\u015f mercimek sonra hafif esen r\u00fczg\u00e2rda savrularak kabuklar\u0131 tanesinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Pirin\u00e7 yemeklerde \u00e7ok az kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Pirin\u00e7 sat\u0131n al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 zaman Faho (Fahri De\u011firmenci\/ d.1906-\u00f6.1999) dedemden al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Eskiden Faho dedem \u00c7ermikten e\u015fekle pirin\u00e7, kuru fasulye, kuru \u00fcz\u00fcm, dokuma bezi, \u015fire bezi getirip Ergani\u2019de satar ya da nakliyesini yapard\u0131.[46]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015ea\u011fre (\u015fehriye) kesme<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bulgur yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra s\u0131ra \u015fa\u011fre<\/em> (\u015fehriye) kesmeye gelirdi. Bulgur pilav\u0131n\u0131n \u015fa\u011fresizi birazc\u0131k yavan olur, makbul\u00fc \u015fa\u011freli olan\u0131yd\u0131. Ama bizim pilavlar\u0131m\u0131z genelde bol bulgurlu, az ya\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u015ea\u011fre kesmek<\/em>\u201d eskiden sadece \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de de\u011fil, Ergani ve Diyarbak\u0131r \u00e7evresinde \u00f6nemli sosyal etkinliklerden biriydi. \u015eimdi tarih oldu. Bu nedenle biraz anlatmakta fayda var. \u015ea\u011fre kesmenin s\u00f6zc\u00fck anlam\u0131 ya\u011fl\u0131 hamurun parmaklar aras\u0131nda ince ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u015fekilde yuvarlan\u0131p do\u011franmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kesilen \u015fa\u011freden, \u015fa\u011fre pilav\u0131, \u00e7orbas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bulgur veya pirince kat\u0131larak \u015fa\u011freli pilav da yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu i\u015fi i\u00e7in evlerde \u015fa\u011fre kesme toplant\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019deki t\u00fcm kad\u0131nlar, k\u0131zlar bu toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Hatta heveslenen erkek \u00e7ocuklar bile yerlerini al\u0131rd\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019e yak\u0131n olan konu kom\u015fu, tan\u0131d\u0131klar, akrabalar da yard\u0131ma gelirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015ea\u011fre genellikle sonbaharda kesilirdi. Bu i\u015f evlerde s\u0131ras\u0131yla imece usul\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. S\u0131ra kimdeyse \u00f6nce gelecek ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re te\u015ftte ya\u011fl\u0131 hamur haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve ak\u015fam olunca da o evde toplan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bir odan\u0131n ya da aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n orta yerine b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e temiz bir bez serilir ve bezin etraf\u0131na minderler konulurdu. Gelenler minderlere otururdu. Ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n, sayg\u0131 duyulanlar\u0131n arkas\u0131na mutlaka yast\u0131k b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ya\u011fl\u0131 hamur da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fin erbab\u0131 olan biri yapard\u0131. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan hamur b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ceviz b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olurdu. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan hamura e\u015fbah<\/em> ya da k\u00fcnt<\/em>, da\u011f\u0131tana da k\u00fcnt\u00e7\u00fc<\/em> denirdi. Hamur isterken genelde el \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Hamur da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 te\u015ftteki hamurdan bir par\u00e7a hamur kopartarak (k\u00fcnt\u00fc, topa\u011f\u0131) el \u00e7\u0131rpana atard\u0131. Hamur ya havada tutulurdu ya da isteyenin \u00f6n\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015ferdi. Yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla bezin ortas\u0131na ya da ba\u015fka birinin \u00f6n\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fmezdi. Hamuru alan ki\u015fi sol elinde tuttu\u011fu hamuru i\u015faret ve ba\u015fparma\u011f\u0131yla incelterek sa\u011f elle aktar\u0131r ve sa\u011f elde yuvarlanm\u0131\u015f hamuru tekrar i\u015faret ve ba\u015fparmak yard\u0131m\u0131yla bir kez daha yuvarlayarak kopart\u0131p beze atard\u0131. \u015ea\u011fre denilen \u015fey, beze at\u0131lan i\u015fte bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck yuvarlanm\u0131\u015f hamurlard\u0131r. \u015ea\u011frenin makbul olan\u0131, boyu bir santimetreden, \u00e7ap\u0131 iki milimetreden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan\u0131d\u0131r. Bazen yar\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, \u00e7abuk\/g\u00fczel\/ince \u015fa\u011fre kesen kazan\u0131rd\u0131. \u015ea\u011fre kesilirken eller temizce y\u0131kan\u0131rd\u0131 ya da y\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f kabul edilirdi. Bu nedenle \u015fa\u011fre kesilirken ba\u015fka nesnelere dokunulmazd\u0131. Bir \u015feyler yenilmezdi. El, daha do\u011frusu \u015fa\u011fre kirlenmesin diye. Sadece su i\u00e7ilirdi. Su i\u00e7in de \u00f6nceden su dolu desti (testi) ve bardak veya bak\u0131r tas haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131. Su da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m i\u015fini genellikle gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar veya \u00e7ocuklar yapard\u0131. Te\u015ftteki hamur bitince iyi dileklerle herkes kendi evinin yolunu tutard\u0131, kesilen \u015fa\u011fre ise kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u015ea\u011fre kesme i\u015fi t\u00fcm evlerde yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra sonlan\u0131rd\u0131. Kuruyan \u015fa\u011freler daha sonra ihtiya\u00e7 duyulduk\u00e7a kavrulup pilavlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r, hakiki pilav yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015ea\u011fre kesme toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda hamurlar da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131nca parmaklar makinaya ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f gibi otomatikman seri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar, parmaklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na paralel \u00e7enelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Sorunlar, duyulanlar, olup bitenler, ni\u015fanlananlar, evlenenler, do\u011fumlar, hastalananlar, \u00f6lenler, gurbette olan tan\u0131d\u0131klar, ba\u011f bah\u00e7e i\u015fleri\u2026 hayata dair her \u015fey konu\u015fulur ve \u015fark\u0131lar, t\u00fcrk\u00fcler, masallar s\u00f6ylenirdi. \u015eakalar yap\u0131l\u0131r, tak\u0131lmalar olurdu, ama hi\u00e7bir zaman naho\u015f bir \u015fey olmazd\u0131. Masallar\u0131 Zelo nene ve \u00c7ermik\u2019ten \u00f6zel olarak \u015fa\u011fre kesme i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rt\u0131lan annemin arkabas\u0131 Fatima (Bardak\u00e7\u0131) abla anlat\u0131rd\u0131. Fatima abla \u00e7ok iyi bir anlat\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Her \u015feyi balland\u0131ra balland\u0131ra anlat\u0131rd\u0131, onun bir \u015feyler anlatmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kad\u0131nlar kendisine yalvar\u0131rlard\u0131. T\u00fcrk\u00fcleri karde\u015fim Haydar ve \u015eado abla s\u00f6ylerdi. \u015eado abla Huma Ku\u015fu\u2019nu \u00e7ok g\u00fczel s\u00f6ylerdi. \u201cYavru yavru huma ku\u015fu y\u00fckseklerden seslenir\/ O\u011ful yar koynunda bir \u00e7ift suna beslenir,<\/em>\u201d diye. Bu t\u00fcrk\u00fc s\u00f6ylendi\u011finde bir sessizlik ve h\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6kerdi. San\u0131r\u0131m bu h\u00fcz\u00fcn\/\u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc\/yas 93 Osmanl\u0131-Rus ve Birinci D\u00fcnya harbine gidipte gelmeyenler ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya harbinde ise ac\u0131\/k\u0131tl\u0131k\/yoksulluk \u00e7ektikleri i\u00e7indi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Televizyon, radyo ve gazetenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 o d\u00f6nemlerde ileti\u015fim ve bilgilenme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201c\u015fa\u011fre kesme<\/em>\u201dnin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir toplumsal g\u00f6revi yerine getirdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ben b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum, ama herkes benim gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Konu\u015fma ve \u00e7ene \u00e7alman\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131 nedeniyle bir araya gelip fazla konu\u015fanlara bazen \u015faka yollu \u201ciyi \u015fa\u011fre kestiniz ha<\/em>\u201d deyip tak\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bug\u00fcn bile Diyarbak\u0131r ve \u00e7evresinde \u00e7ok konu\u015fmaya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak \u201c\u015fa\u011fre kesmek<\/em>\u201d deyimi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kavurma yap\u0131m\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcz\u00fcn k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri de kavurma yap\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. Her aile kendi kesesine ve n\u00fcfusuna g\u00f6re kavurma yapard\u0131. Kavurma yap\u0131lacak hayvan ya canl\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131p kesilirdi ya da kasaptan g\u00f6vde et olarak al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Babam bazen hayvan pazar\u0131ndan o andaki maddi durumuna g\u00f6re bir veya iki tane t\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<\/em> diye isimlendirdi\u011fimiz bir y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015f di\u015fi ke\u00e7i ya da \u00e7epi\u00e7<\/em> dedi\u011fimiz bir ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015f k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f erkek ke\u00e7i veya toklu<\/em> dedi\u011fimiz bir ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015f erkek koyun al\u0131rd\u0131, bazen de kasaptan haz\u0131r g\u00f6vde et al\u0131rd\u0131. Al\u0131nan hayvanlar\u0131 babam kesmezdi, kasap gelir hayvanlar\u0131 keser, derilerini y\u00fczer ve etleri b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rd\u0131. Kesilen hayvanlar\u0131n ci\u011ferleri kebap ya da yahni yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kelleleri, ayaklar\u0131, i\u015fkembesi kellepa\u00e7a yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130nce ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131 da mumbar<\/em> yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kavurma yap\u0131l\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; \u201cKoyunlar t\u00fcm g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f derilerinin \u00fczerinde b\u0131rak\u0131r, kocaman bak\u0131r kazanlara girer, kazanlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda yanan odunlarla, cehennemin tad\u0131n\u0131 tadar, kavurma olup \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131<\/em>.\u201d[47]<\/a> Bizler de kavurmas\u0131yla, kebab\u0131yla, kellepa\u00e7as\u0131yla, mumbar\u0131yla bayram yapar doyas\u0131ya et yerdik, ete doyard\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kavurman\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 tam bir \u015f\u00f6lendi. Kesilen hayvan\u0131n eti veya kasaptan al\u0131nan et ak\u015famdan uygun bir \u015fekilde par\u00e7a par\u00e7a dilimlenerek bak\u0131r le\u011fenlerde konulup g\u00fczelce tuzlan\u0131rd\u0131. Et ak\u015famdan tuzlan\u0131p bekletilmedi\u011fi zaman etler pi\u015fince par\u00e7a, b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kalmaz, da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r. Bu nedenle tuzlan\u0131p bekletilirdi. Sabah ocak haz\u0131rlan\u0131r, ak\u015famdan tuzlanan et bak\u0131r le\u011fenlerden bak\u0131r kazana bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Oca\u011fa odunlar atarak ayn\u0131 kararda oca\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Kazan\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131 bak\u0131r sini ile kapat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Etle pi\u015fmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca tahta k\u00fcrekle zaman zaman kazandaki etler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Etler pi\u015finceye ve i\u00e7erisinde etlerin suyu kalmay\u0131ncaya kadar pi\u015fme devam edilirdi. Etlerin pi\u015fmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimiz bizlerinde tabaklar\u0131na pi\u015fmi\u015f etlerden az\u0131c\u0131k az\u0131c\u0131k b\u0131rak\u0131rd\u0131. Bu arada ayr\u0131 bir kapta kavurmaya yetecek miktarda daha \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rlanan kuyruk ya\u011f\u0131 veya tereya\u011f\u0131 az\u0131c\u0131k k\u0131zart\u0131l\u0131r ve sonra kazanda pi\u015fen kavurman\u0131n \u00fczerine d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bir m\u00fcddet etler ya\u011flar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde b\u00f6yle pi\u015firilir, kavrulur ve kazanda hi\u00e7 etsuyu kalmay\u0131ncaya kadar bu i\u015flem devam ederdi. Kavurma haz\u0131r olunca ata\u015f<\/em> (ate\u015f) ocaktan al\u0131n\u0131r, kazan a\u011fz\u0131 kapat\u0131larak kavurma so\u011fumaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kazan so\u011fuyunca etler ye\u015fil kavurma k\u00fcplerine aktar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kazandaki kavurma ya\u011f\u0131 k\u00fcpteki kavurman\u0131n \u00fczerine d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ya\u011f\u0131n kavurman\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc kapatmas\u0131na dikkat edilirdi. K\u0131\u015f boyu kavurman\u0131n eti ve ya\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli yemeklerde kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bazen de sabah kahvalt\u0131lar\u0131nda sofram\u0131za gelirdi. Kavurma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlar \u00e7ok g\u00fczel g\u00fcnlerdi, g\u00f6zlerimiz p\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l parlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurutma kurutmas\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcz\u00fcn bir k\u0131\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00e7e\u015fitli yazl\u0131k sebzelerden kurutma yapma i\u015fleriydi. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli sebzeler ekilse de, k\u0131\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00c7ermik ve \u015e\u00eaxan k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn isotu, frengi ve balcan\u0131 makbul olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131dan sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar \u015funlard\u0131: Domatesin sal\u00e7as\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r; isot, balcan, kabak, bamya iplere dizilerek a\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131nda kurutulurdu. R\u00fczg\u00e2r esince a\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131ndaki kurutmalar kulaklarda tatl\u0131 bir haz b\u0131rakan melodik sesler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sal\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131karmak \u00e7ok zahmetli bir i\u015fti. \u00d6nce domatesler do\u011fran\u0131p ezilir, ek\u015fimeye b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r ve sonra da sular\u0131 s\u00fczge\u00e7lerden ge\u00e7irilerek te\u015ftlere doldurulurdu. Te\u015ftler dolunca damlara \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak g\u00fcne\u015fte buharla\u015fmaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Toza ve sineklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerlerine ince bir bez veya t\u00fclbent at\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek duyulmazd\u0131. Aral\u0131klarla te\u015ftlerdeki sal\u00e7a bir a\u011fa\u00e7 dal\u0131yla ya da tahta ka\u015f\u0131kla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0131vam\u0131na geldi\u011finde damdan indirilir kilerde saklama kaplar\u0131na konulurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurutma haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en kolay olan\u0131 ye\u015fil fasulye ve bamyan\u0131n kurutulmas\u0131yd\u0131. Fasulye ay\u0131klan\u0131p par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fckten sonra damda bez \u00fczerine serilerek g\u00fcne\u015fte kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bamya ise b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak iplere dizilir evlerin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki a\u011fa\u00e7lara kurumas\u0131 i\u00e7in as\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde olgunla\u015fan kay\u0131s\u0131, erik gibi meyveler de toplan\u0131p damlarda bezlerin \u00fczerinde kurutulurdu. Kurutulmu\u015f kay\u0131s\u0131ya e\u015fbabiye<\/em> derdik. Dolmal\u0131k isot ve balcan kurutmas\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zahmetliydi. Tek tek i\u00e7leri oyulup iplere as\u0131larak kurutulurdu. Bazen kazalarda olurdu, el ve parmaklar\u0131n kesilmesi, iplerin koparak kurutmal\u0131klar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi. Ama bazen hi\u00e7 beklenmedik kazalarda olurdu. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir keresinde anam iki haral<\/em> (b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7uval) dolmal\u0131k isot ald\u0131rd\u0131. Tek tek i\u00e7lerini oyup tohum k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131, isotlar\u0131 ipe dizip kurumalar\u0131 i\u00e7in evin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki payam a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131na ast\u0131. \u0130sotlardan geriye kalan tohumlar\u0131 ise g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp yem olarak ine\u011fin \u00f6n\u00fcne d\u00f6kt\u00fc. Zavall\u0131 inek ac\u0131 isot tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 fazla yiyince sanc\u0131lan\u0131p k\u0131vranmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kahvede babama haber verdik. Babam beraberinde \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131dan kasap getirdi ve ine\u011fi kestiler. Anam o g\u00fcn babamdan bir ton k\u00fcf\u00fcr yedi, azar i\u015fitti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u015fme (Ba\u011fbozumu)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evin arkas\u0131nda kazanlar kurulmu\u015f bizim
Bekliyor sepetler dolusu bal tad\u0131nda \u00fcz\u00fcm
Bir eli \u00fcz\u00fcm torbas\u0131nda bir eli dut dal\u0131nda
Karde\u015fim Haydar \u015fire s\u0131k\u0131yor k\u00fcr\u00fcnde, iki g\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u011flar\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7e\u015fit \u00e7e\u015fit \u00fcz\u00fcmler vard\u0131: Tahannebi, \u015fire, avderi, m\u0131sabak, hatun parma\u011f\u0131, \u015fam \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc, \u015farap \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc, venki, c\u0131lk venki, k\u0131rtk\u0131rt, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcm ve t\u00fclkikuyru\u011fu<\/em> gibi\u2026 Bahar\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131ndan taze ye\u015fil yapraklar\u0131 toplan\u0131rd\u0131. Sonra toplanan bu yapraklar k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ser\u00e7e parma\u011f\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fczelim sarmalar\u0131n sar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hafif ha\u015flanarak naylon bidon veya k\u00fcplerin i\u00e7inde bozulmadan kalabilecekleri \u015fekilde tuzlu suda salamura yap\u0131larak saklan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcz\u00fcmler hep birlikte toplan\u0131rd\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fckba\u011f\u2019da g\u00fcne\u015fte
K\u00fcr\u00fcnde s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r, tatl\u0131 \u015firesi dolard\u0131 kazana te\u015fte
G\u00fcndo\u011fmadan kazan alt\u0131na odunlar\u0131 at\u0131p yakard\u0131k
Kaynar bulamac\u0131 kazan ba\u015f\u0131nda yemeye ba\u015flard\u0131k<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eire<\/em> \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc olgunla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman bi\u015fme\u2019<\/em>ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc, yani ba\u011fbozumu ba\u015flard\u0131. Esma nenenin dam\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki t\u00fct a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na kazan ve k\u00fcr\u00fcn<\/em> (tekne) kurulur, ak\u015famdan te\u015ftler, dol\u00e7a<\/em>lar (s\u00fcrehi), ma\u015frapa<\/em>lar, kevgirler, s\u00fczge\u00e7ler, bastu\u011f<\/em> (pestil) bezleri, \u015firebezi<\/em>[48]<\/a>, yak\u0131lacak \u00e7al\u0131 \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131, kullan\u0131lacak su eksiksiz haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fckba\u011f\u2019dan ve di\u011fer ba\u011flardan gelen \u015fire \u00fcz\u00fcmleri y\u0131kan\u0131r ve \u015fire bezinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f torbalara doldurulurdu. Abdullah dede, Zeki amca, karde\u015fim Ali Haydar\u2026 \u00e7\u0131plak ayaklar\u0131yla k\u00fcr\u00fcnde ince kabuklu \u015fire \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ezip \u00fcz\u00fcm suyunu, yani \u015firesini (\u015f\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131) k\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcndeki kazana ak\u0131t\u0131rlard\u0131. \u015eirebezi i\u00e7inde kalan \u015fiv<\/em>, yani posas\u0131 yuvarlak topa\u00e7lar halinde k\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na istiflenirdi. \u015eire<\/em> (\u015f\u0131ra) k\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcndeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kazandan al\u0131n\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck bi\u015fme kazan\u0131na s\u00fcz\u00fclerek aktar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kaynat\u0131l\u0131p kefi<\/em> (tortusu) al\u0131n\u0131r, un ve yeterince ayran kat\u0131larak bulama\u00e7 yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Un \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde \u015fireye kat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in Zelo nene el kantar\u0131yla kazandaki \u015firenin miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re unu tartard\u0131. Kantar tart\u0131m\u0131nda eski a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc birimleri batman<\/em> ve nuvi<\/em> kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bulama\u00e7 kazan\u0131n\u0131 genellikle Abdullah dede tahtadan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulama\u00e7 k\u00fcre\u011fiyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Abdullah dedenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka biri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rsa e\u011fer kazan mutlaka dip tutard\u0131. Dede \u00e7ok iyi bir kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Bulama\u00e7 k\u0131vam\u0131na geldi\u011fince Zelo nene ve \u015eado abla ellerine tahta mala<\/em>lar\u0131 al\u0131p bastu\u011f yapmak i\u00e7in bulamac\u0131 tek tek beyaz bezlerin \u00fczerine ince bir tabaka halinde s\u00fcrerdiler. \u00dczerine susam serpilmi\u015f tad\u0131na doyum olmayan haz\u0131r bastu\u011f bezleri gelinler, k\u0131zlar ve kom\u015fu kad\u0131nlarca biti\u015fikteki arsaya serilirdi. Bastu\u011f burada g\u00fcne\u015fte kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130pe dizilmi\u015f ceviz ve b\u00e2demli sucuklar bulamaca bat\u0131r\u0131larak kurumak i\u00e7in a\u011fa\u00e7lara as\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bi\u015fme zaman\u0131 bak\u0131r bi\u015fme kazan\u0131nda \u015fire durmadan kaynard\u0131; pekmez k\u0131vam\u0131n\u0131, halavi<\/em> (helva) s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131, kesme kesilmesini beklerdi. \u015eivlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan da sirke ve tur\u015fu yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bir kimya m\u00fchendisi olarak \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebilirim: \u015eivden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir tur\u015funun tad\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7bir tur\u015fu veremez!<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
K\u00fcr\u00fcn ve k\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde sapl\u0131 kevgir, tahta \u00e7\u00f6m\u00e7e, kabak dol\u00e7a<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir m\u00fchendis olarak ba\u015fka bir \u015fey daha burada anlatmal\u0131y\u0131m. O eski zamanlarda bulama\u00e7 yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce biz \u00e7ocuklar ba\u011f ve bah\u00e7e kenar ve sinorlar\u0131nda bulunan Meyane<\/em> denilen bir bitkinin dallar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131m\u0131zla keser, bi\u00e7er, delikler a\u00e7arak ip yard\u0131m\u0131yla at, deve gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli oyuncaklar yapard\u0131k. Bulama\u00e7 kazan\u0131nda bulama\u00e7 haz\u0131r oldu\u011funda da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu oyuncaklar\u0131 kazana bat\u0131r\u0131r her taraf\u0131n\u0131 bulama\u00e7lard\u0131k ve sonra bunlar\u0131 en yak\u0131ndaki bir a\u011fa\u00e7 dal\u0131na asarak kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131rd\u0131k. K\u0131\u015f gelince s\u0131cak soban\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z at, deve gibi bu oyuncaklar\u0131 keserek meyane kokulu kurumu\u015f bulama\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u0131y\u0131r\u0131p e\u011flenerek g\u00fczelce yerdik. \u00c7ok sonralar\u0131 bu meyane denen \u015feyin anason<\/em> bitkisi oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendim. 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda Diyarbak\u0131r Rak\u0131 fabrikas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken rak\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z anason tohumundan birazc\u0131k Ergani\u2019ye g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcm ve babam bah\u00e7ede bu tohumlar\u0131 ekti. Tohumlar ye\u015ferip b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcnce bakt\u0131k ki bunlar bizim at, deve ve oyuncaklar yap\u0131p bulama\u00e7 kazan\u0131na bat\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z meyanenin ta kendisi. Bir yaz Ergani\u2019ye annemi ziyarete gitti\u011fimde bah\u00e7ede su kuyusunun yak\u0131n\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00fcme anason, yani meyane bitkisinin tohum ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinin bana bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Annem g\u00f6zleri h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde uzaklara dalarak an\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu alt\u0131nda kendi kendine konu\u015fur gibi; \u201cHat\u0131rl\u0131yor musun, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019dan sen getirmi\u015ftin bunlar\u0131n tohumlar\u0131n\u0131. Baban tohumlar\u0131 ekti, \u00e7ok g\u00fczel oldular. \u00c7oktular, \u015fimdi sadece \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00fcme kald\u0131,<\/em>\u201d diye konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca annemle birlikte bende an\u0131lar yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131karak ister istemez h\u00fcz\u00fcnlendim.[49]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u015fme kazan\u0131 ve k\u00fcr\u00fcn kurulup \u015fire \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc getirilince ve k\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u015fire akmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca civardaki t\u00fcm bal ar\u0131lar\u0131, sar\u0131 ar\u0131lar, k\u0131z\u0131l ar\u0131lar, sinekler\u2026 k\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7evresine \u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, dola\u015fmaya ba\u015flard\u0131. Ar\u0131 sokmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek, i\u015f kayb\u0131n\u0131 ve de \u015fire ve pi\u015firilen \u015feylerin i\u00e7lerine bunlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in pratik, \u00e7ok kolay bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmu\u015ftu; bir par\u00e7a ci\u011fer par\u00e7as\u0131 en yak\u0131n bir a\u011fac\u0131n dal\u0131na as\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Koku\u015fmu\u015f ci\u011fer par\u00e7as\u0131 bir m\u0131knat\u0131s gibi \u00e7evredeki t\u00fcm sinekleri, ar\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7ekerdi. B\u00f6ylece ar\u0131 sokmalar\u0131ndan kurtulmu\u015f, kaplara ar\u0131lar\u0131n, sineklerin d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve i\u015f kayb\u0131 \u00f6nlenmi\u015f olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPi\u015fme\u2019den sonra, tevekler, elinden yavrusu al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f analar gibi sarar\u0131p, r\u00fczgarla inler dururlard\u0131. Sadece, k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k baz\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcmler, seyrek olarak teveklerde bulunurdu. Ba\u011f bozumundan sonra, \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131 gen\u00e7 herkes ba\u011f\u0131 terk ederdi. Kalabal\u0131klar ba\u011flar\u0131 terk edince, ba\u011flar sakinle\u015firdi. Ku\u015flarla ba\u015f ba\u015fa kalan tevekler, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcden, bir m\u00fcddet sonra yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kerdi. Teveklerin g\u00f6vdeleri, \u00e7\u0131plak dallar\u0131yla, r\u00fczgar estik\u00e7e ac\u0131 ac\u0131 dertle<\/em>\u015firlerdi.\u201d[50]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunan \u015fair Yannis Ritsos kendi ba\u011fbozumlar\u0131n\u0131 bizim \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019dekinden biraz farkl\u0131 ama \u00e7ok g\u00fczel anlat\u0131r, hasret kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z o g\u00fczel g\u00fcnleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEn \u00e7ok da ba\u011fbozumlar\u0131n\u0131 severdim.
Her \u015fey taze \u015farap kokard\u0131;
Ev, hava, su, giysiler, pencereler.
\u00dcz\u00fcmleri \u00e7i\u011fneyenlerin
K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, k\u0131pk\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ayaklar\u0131na bakard\u0131m;
Sanki yalanc\u0131, ama kendine g\u00f6re \u00e7ekici bir
                              vah\u015feti olan bir
Sava\u015fta kana bulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 bu ayaklar.
\u2018Kar\u0131lar\u0131 bu adamlar\u0131n ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 yalamal\u0131,
yoksa yaz\u0131k olacak bunca \u015faraba,\u2019 demi\u015ftim anneme.
Annemde g\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.
\u00c7ok uzun s\u00fcrerdi bu ak\u015famlar.
B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u015f\u0131ra peltesi kokard\u0131.
Binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131zdan tar\u00e7\u0131n serpilirdi sarn\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00fczerine.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u015fme\u2019de baz\u0131 ilgin\u00e7likler de olurdu. Bunlardan birini Nurettin day\u0131m\u0131n kaleminden aktaray\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abHavva Ablam anlat\u0131yor<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKazanlar kuruldu, b\u00fct\u00fcn haz\u0131rl\u0131klar tamamland\u0131. S\u0131ra \u00fcz\u00fcmlerin toplanmas\u0131na geldi. \u00dcz\u00fcmler toplanmaya ba\u015flanmadan \u00f6nce plan yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcmleri birlikte i\u015flenece\u011finden, \u00f6nce kimin i\u015fi yap\u0131lacakt\u0131? Bu soruya cevap bulunduktan sonra, yap\u0131lan plana g\u00f6re \u00fcz\u00fcmler toplan\u0131rd\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn Esma Nenenin \u00fcz\u00fcmleriyle pestil yap\u0131lacakt\u0131. \u00dcz\u00fcmler s\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131, \u015f\u0131ra kazana dolduruldu. Pestil yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli un bulama\u00e7 haline getirildi. \u015e\u0131ra kaynamaya ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada bulama\u00e7 kazana yava\u015f\u00e7a d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. E\u011fer bulama\u00e7 eritilmemi\u015fse, kazanda b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00fctle halini al\u0131r ve sorun \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Esma nenenin pestil yap\u0131lacak kazan\u0131na bulama\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrken, yumak haline gelmi\u015f hamur g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve \u201ccup!\u201d diye ses \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. T\u00fcm bu i\u015fler aceleyle yap\u0131l\u0131rken, uzakta bulunan Esma Nene, kazana d\u00f6k\u00fclen bulamac\u0131 tam g\u00f6remedi ve kedinin kazana bulama\u00e7la birlikte d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc zannetti. Hem \u00fcz\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131, hem de: \u201cO kazan benimdir! Kedi de benim kedimdir!.. Abdullah, kurban\u0131n olay\u0131m, \u015f\u0131ray\u0131 \u2018murdar oldu\u2019 diye devirme!\u201d Herkes \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n bir kazana bir de Esma Neneye bakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kazan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Abdullah: \u201cAna, ne kedisinden bahsediyorsun sen?\u201d diye sorduk\u00e7a; Esma Nene, \u201cBen kediyi kendim \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r ve uzak bir yere de kendim atar\u0131m. Ne olur kazan\u0131 devirme!\u201d yalvar\u0131yordu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kimse konu\u015fmalardan tam bir anlam \u00e7\u0131karam\u0131yordu. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 hayretle kazana bak\u0131yor, Esma Nene ise uzaktan kazan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki \u015f\u0131ran\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fclmemesi i\u00e7in durmadan yalvar\u0131yordu. Bi\u015fmede bulunanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131yor, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da g\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonunda, Esma Nenemizin, uzaktan tam eritilmemi\u015f beyaz hamur topa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kedi gibi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bi\u015fme boyunca, g\u00fcndemi, \u201ckazana d\u00fc\u015fen kedi hik\u00e2yesi\u201d belirledi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O k\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar kendilerine pestil verilece\u011fi zaman, \u201ckedinin i\u00e7inde pi\u015fti\u011fi pestilden mi\u201d diye sordular<\/em>.\u201d\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha, birde \u00fcz\u00fcm toplarken arada s\u0131rada teveklerinin alt\u0131nda s\u0131caktan kendini korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, serinleyen, k\u00f6lor<\/em> olmu\u015f, yani kendi etraf\u0131nda dolanm\u0131\u015f y\u0131lanlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rd\u0131k. B\u00f6ylesi durumlarda bazen y\u0131lanlara kar\u0131\u015fmazd\u0131k, bazen de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fck. Oysa ne o y\u0131llar, ne de sonras\u0131ndaki y\u0131llarda y\u0131lanlar\u0131n akrabalar\u0131m\u0131zdan birine ya da hayvanlar\u0131m\u0131za bir zarar verdi\u011fine hi\u00e7 tan\u0131k olmad\u0131m!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asl\u0131nda y\u0131lanlar zarars\u0131z olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda do\u011fal dengeyi sa\u011flayan hayvanlard\u0131r. Kendisine kar\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kuyru\u011funa bas\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda zarar vermez. Zarars\u0131z olmalar\u0131n\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rakal\u0131m, \u201cY\u0131lan, en ilkelinden en geli\u015fmi\u015fine kadar hemen her topluluklarda da tanr\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d[51]<\/a> Sonradan Yahudi-H\u0131ristiyan gelene\u011fi y\u0131lan\u0131 \u015feytan\u2019la bir tutularak aforoz etmi\u015ftir. \u0130sl\u00e2m da bu gelene\u011fin takip\u00e7isi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in y\u0131lanlara iyi g\u00f6zle bakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131lan aforoz edilmesine kar\u015f\u0131n bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 doktor ve eczac\u0131lar\u0131n yakalar\u0131nda, rozetlerinde iyile\u015ftirici, sa\u011falt\u0131c\u0131 bir simge olarak yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yo\u011furt ayran yap\u0131m\u0131 ve sat\u0131m\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anam dut a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda tuluhta ayran yayar
Ayran yayarken d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr hep: sekiz \u00e7ocuk nas\u0131l doyar?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de anam, \u015eado abla ve Zelo nene inek beslerdi. Bir d\u00f6nem Abdullah dede koyun da besledi. \u0130nek ve koyunlar\u0131n s\u00fct ve yo\u011furdu birazc\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcketilirdi, \u00e7o\u011fu sat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 konu kom\u015fuya s\u00fct, yo\u011furt, ayran olarak. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131ya sadece yo\u011furt g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Eskiden dolap ve buzdolab\u0131 yoktu. S\u00fct ve yo\u011furt kaplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne m\u00fckebe[52]<\/strong><\/a><\/em> denilen yuvarlak ve birazda y\u00fcksek\u00e7e olan sepetler kapat\u0131l\u0131r, \u00fcst\u00fcne de ya bir ta\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 ya da a\u011f\u0131r bir cisim konulurdu s\u00fct\u00fc kedi ve y\u0131lanlar gelip i\u00e7mesin diye. Yo\u011furtlar taslarda ya da bak\u0131r s\u0131t\u0131l<\/em>larda mayalan\u0131rd\u0131. Yo\u011furt kaplar\u0131 tahtadan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f te\u015fkere<\/em>lere konularak \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Zeki amca \u015eado ablan\u0131n; ben, Haydar ve di\u011fer torunlar Zelo anan\u0131n yo\u011furdunu \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131da sipari\u015f veren tan\u0131d\u0131klara verir veya Meydan\u2019da satard\u0131k. Zeki amcan\u0131n uzun bir s\u00fcre, evliyken bile te\u015fkereyle yo\u011furtlar\u0131 \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131ya, Meydan\u2019a satmaya g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Ayran, tulum \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve dabak<\/em>lanm\u0131\u015f ke\u00e7i derisinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tuluh<\/em>larda yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Dabaklama i\u00e7in \u00f6nce nar kabuklar\u0131 kurutulur, sonra da bunlar dibekte d\u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcp su kat\u0131larak bulama\u00e7 haline getirilirdi. Tulum olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f deri bulama\u00e7 haline getirilen ceft<\/em> denen malzemeyle iyice s\u0131van\u0131p g\u00fcne\u015fte kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu i\u015flem birka\u00e7 kez tekrarlan\u0131rd\u0131. Sonra iyice temiz suda y\u0131kan\u0131rd\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan dabaklanan tuluhun \u00f6n iki aya\u011f\u0131 dirsek k\u0131sm\u0131ndan 30 cm boyunda yontulmu\u015f k\u0131lop<\/em> denen bir a\u011fa\u00e7 par\u00e7as\u0131na, arka ayaklar\u0131 da yine dirsek k\u0131sm\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir benzer a\u011fa\u00e7 par\u00e7as\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131ca ba\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu iki a\u011fa\u00e7 par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda birer delik olurdu ve bu deliklerin aras\u0131na tuluh katlanmas\u0131n diye tuluhun boyunda k\u00ear\u00ee<\/em> denilen uzun bir a\u011fa\u00e7 par\u00e7as\u0131 ge\u00e7irilerek ba\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Tulu\u011fun boyun k\u0131sm\u0131 ise a\u00e7\u0131k kal\u0131r ve a\u011f\u0131z olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu ayaklara ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7 par\u00e7alar\u0131 yay\u0131k yayarken tulu\u011fun y\u00fcksek bir yere ba\u011flanmas\u0131nda ve yay\u0131k yayan\u0131n tutaca\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yay\u0131k yay\u0131l\u0131rken \u00f6nce tulu\u011fun a\u011f\u0131z k\u0131sm\u0131ndan yo\u011furt bir huni yard\u0131m\u0131yla tulu\u011fa konulur ve ard\u0131ndan uygun oranda \u00fczerine so\u011fuk su ilave edilirdi. Sonra tuluh a\u011f\u0131zdan \u00fcflenerek \u015fi\u015firilip a\u011fz\u0131 g\u00fczelce bir iple ba\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Daha sonra da tuluh y\u00fcksek bir yere as\u0131l\u0131r ve yay\u0131k yayan tutulacak a\u011fa\u00e7 par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n ucundan tutarak tulu\u011fu sert bir \u015fekilde elle ileri itip geri \u00e7ekerek ayran yaymaya ba\u015flan\u0131rd\u0131. Arada a\u011f\u0131z k\u0131sm\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kontrol edilir, gerekirse su ilavesi yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ya\u011f ayran\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne tamamen \u00e7\u0131kana kadar yayma i\u015fi devam ederdi. Tamam olunca bir te\u015fte d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp \u00fczerindeki ya\u011f al\u0131n\u0131r, ayran da kaplara b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Zelo nene ar\u0131\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131nda, Hava anam evimizin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki dut a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ayran\u0131 yayard\u0131. Tuluhta<\/em> yay\u0131lan ayran <\/em>ve ya\u011f\u0131n kokusu yedi mahalleden duyulurdu, tad\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczeldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hedik yap\u0131m\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ma\u015fallah\u0131 vard\u0131. Ana\u00e7t\u0131lar, ortalama iki y\u0131lda bir \u00e7ocuk do\u011fururlard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin aradaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckleri saymasak Anam 8, Hatice abla 6, Ay\u015fe abla 6 (1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fan bir erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fu 15 g\u00fcnl\u00fckken bo\u011fmacadan \u00f6ld\u00fc), Emine abla 7 \u00e7ocuk do\u011furmu\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6yle olunca yakla\u015f\u0131k her y\u0131l hedik<\/em> yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 ve biz \u00e7ocuklar bol bol hedik yerdik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hedik, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ilk di\u015fi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman \u00e7ocuk sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcn, nazar de\u011fmesin, di\u015fleri g\u00fczel olsun, gelecekte i\u015fleri rast gitsin, g\u00fczel olsun inanc\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de hedik d\u00f6kme toplant\u0131lar\u0131 yaz aylar\u0131nda evlerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunan a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n alt\u0131nda, havalar iyi de\u011filse evlerde yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Di\u015f \u00e7\u0131karan \u00e7ocu\u011fun evine akraba ve kom\u015fu kad\u0131nlar eksiksiz \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ocuklar davetsiz misafirdiler. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar tamamlan\u0131nca hedik d\u00f6kme t\u00f6renine ba\u015flan\u0131r, di\u015f \u00e7\u0131karan \u00e7ocuk giydirilip s\u00fcslenmi\u015f bir vaziyette b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yemek tepsisinin veya sofra bezinin \u00fczerine oturtulurdu. \u00d6n\u00fcne ekmek, b\u0131\u00e7ak, makas, kitap (Kur\u2019an), kalem defter b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ocuk bunlardan hangisini al\u0131rsa mesle\u011fini belirlemi\u015f oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131: Ekmek f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u0131\u00e7ak kasapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, makas terzili\u011fi, Kur\u2019an hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131, kalem defter \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi i\u015faret ederdi. Hedik d\u00f6k\u00fclece\u011fi zaman \u00e7ocu\u011fun ba\u015f\u0131ndan \u015fubara<\/em> (bebek ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131) \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r, Zelo ana kendine has dualar\u0131yla \u201cdi\u015fin ve baht\u0131n bu bu\u011fday tanesi gibi g\u00fczel olsun<\/em>\u201d temennisiyle ha\u015flanm\u0131\u015f nohut ve bu\u011fday\u0131n so\u011fumu\u015funu tas veya tabakla \u00e7ocu\u011fun ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6kerdi. Alk\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00e7evresinde toplanan gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6yleyip oynamaya ba\u015flard\u0131, ya\u015fl\u0131lar dualar okurdu. Hedik t\u00f6renine gelenler hedik yeme\u011finin ard\u0131ndan hediyelerini verirdi. Kimse kalmay\u0131nca t\u00f6ren sona ererdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hedi\u011fin yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu\u011fday ve nohut ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ha\u015flan\u0131r. Ha\u015flanan bu nohut ve bu\u011fdaydan bir tas veya tabak di\u015f \u00e7\u0131karan \u00e7ocu\u011fun ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6kmek i\u00e7in ayr\u0131l\u0131r, geriye kalan\u0131 s\u00fcz\u00fclerek yeme\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ha\u015flanm\u0131\u015f nohut ve bu\u011fday bir kazan ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e bir tencereye b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dcst\u00fcne su ilave edilir. Sonra uygun oranda ya\u011f, ya\u011fda kavrulmu\u015f un, daha \u00f6nceden ku\u015fba\u015f\u0131 \u015feklinde az\u0131c\u0131k pi\u015firilmi\u015f koyun eti, sal\u00e7a, pul biber, tuz konulur ocak \u00fczerinde pi\u015firilir. Pi\u015fme i\u015fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fince i\u00e7erisine bir tutam zahter<\/em> (bir t\u00fcr kekik) at\u0131l\u0131r ve servis edilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hedik yeme\u011fi ne kadar \u00e7ok yap\u0131l\u0131rsa, ne kadar \u00e7ok yenilirse, ne kadar da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rsa di\u015f \u00e7\u0131karan \u00e7ocu\u011fun o kadar sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fczel di\u015flere sahip olaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zegerek ya da Zahter yap\u0131m\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonbaharda hep a\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u015feyler yap\u0131lmazd\u0131, bazen de sofralar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 renklendiren, a\u011f\u0131zlarda ho\u015f tatlar b\u0131rakan \u015feyler yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Mesela bunlardan en ilginci zegerek<\/em> yap\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. Sabah kahvalt\u0131lar\u0131nda \u015fayet zegerek sofram\u0131za gelir ise sofram\u0131z zenginle\u015fir, a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131m\u0131z tatland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zegerek yap\u0131m\u0131 ve gerekli malzemeler:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir kilo kavrulmu\u015f susam\/\u00fck\u00fcnc\u00fc<\/em>, iki kilo kavrulmu\u015f un, yar\u0131m kilo evlerde yap\u0131lan kumda kavrulmu\u015f tuzlu k\u0131r\u0131k leblebi, yar\u0131m kilo kavrulmu\u015f ceviz i\u00e7i, yar\u0131m kilo kavrulmu\u015f badem i\u00e7i, 250 gram kavrulmu\u015f kavun \u00e7ekirde\u011fi i\u00e7i, bir veya iki yemek ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131 toz biber, bir avu\u00e7 zahter. Ac\u0131 biber iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar havanda ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 un haline gelinceye kadar iyice d\u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sonra bu malzemeler kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve ince elekte elenir. Elek \u00fcst\u00fcnde kalanlar yeniden havanda d\u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcr ve yeniden elenir. Bu i\u015flem tekrarlanarak zegerek haz\u0131r olmu\u015f olur. Zegerek\u2019e zahter kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Ergani\u2019de baz\u0131 aileler Zegerek\u2019e Zahter<\/em> der. \u00dc\u00e7evlerde bizler de zahter olarak adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcl \u015ferbeti yap\u0131m\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bah\u00e7elerden k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, pembe g\u00fcller toplard\u0131k
G\u00fclleri cam \u015fi\u015felere koyar g\u00fcl \u015ferbeti yapard\u0131k<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcl \u015ferbetini aile b\u00fcy\u00fckleri de\u011fil, \u00e7o\u011funlukla biz \u00e7ocuklar yapard\u0131k. Bah\u00e7elerden toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z pembe ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcllerin yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 su dolu cam \u015fi\u015felere b\u0131rak\u0131r, i\u00e7erisine de az\u0131c\u0131k limon tuzu at\u0131p \u015fi\u015felerin a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fczelce kapatarak g\u00fcne\u015fe b\u0131rak\u0131rd\u0131k. \u015ei\u015feler 15-20 g\u00fcn g\u00fcne\u015fte kal\u0131nca, g\u00fcl yapraklar\u0131 rengini \u015fi\u015fe i\u00e7erisindeki suya verirdi; rengi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131la\u015f\u0131r veya pembele\u015firdi. Sonra \u015fi\u015fedeki g\u00fcl suyunu bir t\u00fclbent yard\u0131m\u0131yla s\u00fcz\u00fcp i\u00e7erisine bir miktar toz \u015feker atarak g\u00fcl \u015ferbetini i\u00e7ime haz\u0131r hale getirirdik. \u015eerbetin i\u00e7ine buz par\u00e7as\u0131 veya kar atabildi\u011fimiz zamanlar s\u0131cak yaz g\u00fcnlerinde so\u011fuk g\u00fcl \u015ferbeti y\u00fcrek ferahlat\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00fcl yapraklar\u0131yla dolu renkli \u015fi\u015felerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc ve g\u00fcl \u015ferbetinin i\u00e7imi\/tad\u0131\/kokusu \u00e7ok uzaklarda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u00c7ocukken oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z oyunlar<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ge\u00e7mi\u015fle gelecek aras\u0131nda belirsiz bir zamanda
sabahlar\u0131 k\u0131\u015f\u0131n a\u011flayan penceremize ser\u00e7eler konard\u0131,
biz, yanan soban\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda masallar dinlerdik.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130nsan\u0131n anayurdu \u00e7ocuklu\u011fudur,<\/em>\u201d denilir.Makam da\u011f\u0131ndan esen r\u00fczg\u00e2r gibi u\u00e7up gitti zamanla ya\u015fananlar. Eski y\u00fczler, eski renkler, eski sesler bir bir yok oldu. Zamandan g\u00f6zlerimiz ba\u011fl\u0131 ge\u00e7tik. Sonralar\u0131 g\u00f6zlerimizin ba\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fi inceledi\u011fimizde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz \u015feyleri kavraramaya ve anlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. Bunlardan sadece \u00f6zetinin \u00f6zeti an\u0131larda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizim i\u00e7in o zamanlar hem oyun \u00e7e\u015fidi, hem de oyun alan\u0131 \u00e7oktu. Oyuncaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu da kendimiz yapard\u0131k. \u00c7ik\u00e7iko<\/em> ve kam\u0131\u015fl\u0131 u\u00e7urtma, ku\u015f lasti\u011fi (sapan), tellerle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f arabalar, bez veya naylondan yap\u0131lan toplar, dere yataklar\u0131ndan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z desenli mermer ve ta\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u011far<\/em>lar (bilye, misket), k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlar\u0131n arka ayak kemiklerinden yap\u0131lan a\u015fuk<\/em> (kemik) en \u00e7ok yap\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z oyun nesneleriydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bahar geldi oyun oynar\u0131z
Kuzu otlat\u0131p hayal kurar\u0131z<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z oyunlar ise genellikle \u015funlard\u0131: \u00c7ik\u00e7iko ve kam\u0131\u015fl\u0131 u\u00e7urtma; \u00e7elik \u00e7ubuk, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 kalkan, top, saklamba\u00e7, \u00fc\u00e7 ad\u0131m, birdirbir, uzune\u015fek, \u011far, a\u015fuk, kop\u00e7a<\/em> (d\u00fc\u011fme), ceviz oynama; \u00e7ember \u00e7evirme, a\u011fa\u00e7lara \u00e7\u0131kma, ku\u015f avlama, avlanan ku\u015flar\u0131 pi\u015firip ekmeksiz yeme, elpenek<\/em> (kelebek) yakalama, k\u0131z\u0131l ve sar\u0131 ar\u0131 yuvalar\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tma, ar\u0131 damlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bal ar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yemeye gelen k\u0131z\u0131l ar\u0131lar\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131yla veya ince tahtalarla \u00f6ld\u00fcrme; aktris ve artist kartlar\u0131 ve gazoz kapa\u011f\u0131 toplay\u0131p bunlarla oynamak; makmak<\/em> ve deleme<\/em> (topa\u00e7) \u00e7evirme\u2026 Bazen de olmayacak i\u015fler yapard\u0131k, tepelere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p ta\u015f ve kayalar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara yuvarlard\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Eskiden kar \u00e7ok ya\u011fard\u0131. Biz \u00e7ocuklar kara doymazd\u0131k. S\u00fcrekli kartopu oynar, kardan adam yapar, damlar\u0131 k\u00fcreler, k\u00fcrekle evlerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde biriken karlar\u0131 temizleyip yollar\u0131 a\u00e7ar ve Goconun Tepesine gider kayard\u0131k. Yine bir k\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok kar ya\u011fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tahta kayaklar\u0131, naylon le\u011fenleri al\u0131p Goconun Tepesine gittik, kaymaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 kay\u0131yorduk. Hava s\u0131cak, kar \u00e7ok g\u00fczeldi. Amcao\u011flu Suphi kaya\u011f\u0131 ile tepeden kayd\u0131, ortalarda bir yerde durdu. Tepeden \u00e7\u0131\u011f \u015feklinde kar k\u00fcmesi kartopu halinde yuvarlanarak \u00fcst\u00fcne geldi, ka\u00e7amad\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti. Kar k\u00fcmesinin i\u00e7indeki ta\u015f Suphi\u2019nin sa\u011f baca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dizkapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndan k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yaralad\u0131. G\u00fcnlerce ac\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fini hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Baca\u011f\u0131ndaki yara izini hat\u0131ra olarak h\u00e2l\u00e2 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oyunlar\u0131 genellikle \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de olan veya yak\u0131nda oturan akraba \u00e7ocuklarla oynard\u0131k. Bazen de oyun oynamaya mahalleden tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 gelirdi veya biz onlara giderdik. \u015eimdi bunlar an\u0131larda, \u00e7ok geride kald\u0131. De\u011ferli dostum Vecdi Suba\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcrk\u00fc tarz\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Garip<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fiirinde dedi\u011fi gibi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKu\u015flar gelmi\u015f kimse yohki ta\u015fliya
Bah\u00e7e kalm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuh ile ya\u015fliya
\u00c7alan yok ki uzun hava ba\u015fliya
\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de garip garip gezerim.\u201d<\/em>[53]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. E\u011fitim ve okul durumu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

defter ve kitaplar\u0131m\u0131z bezden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f torbalarda
okula giderdik k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnleri buzlu \u00e7amurlu yollarda<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atam\u0131z Kavas Mehmed\u2019in Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n bir subay\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor, ama nas\u0131l oluyorsa kendisinden sonraki \u00fc\u00e7 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n e\u011fitimle hi\u00e7 bir ili\u015fkisi olmam\u0131\u015f. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n ise \u00e7ok az olmu\u015f. Akl\u0131m alm\u0131yor. Sadece ba\u011f, bah\u00e7e i\u015fleriyle, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. Aralar\u0131nda devlet okullar\u0131na giden ve okuryazar olan hi\u00e7bir kimse yok! \u00d6rne\u011fin Zekeriya ve Abdullah dedelerin okuma yazmalar\u0131 yoktu. Sonraki ku\u015faktan baz\u0131lar\u0131 okula gitmeseler bile iyi k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015feyler yaz\u0131p okuyabiliyordu. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n durumu ise berbatt\u0131, hi\u00e7birinin okuma yazmas\u0131 yoktu. Zekeriya ve Abdullah dedelerin ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndan sadece Ali amcan\u0131n, bir sonraki ku\u015faktan ise sadece Cuma babam\u0131n iyi say\u0131lacak derecede bir okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu her iki okuryazarl\u0131k devlet okullar\u0131na gidilerek \u00f6\u011frenilmemi\u015ftir. Eski yaz\u0131y\u0131 (Arap harfleriyle olan\u0131) \u00f6zel hocalardan, yeni (Latin harflerle) olan\u0131 ise kendi becerileriyle \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015flerdir. Yahya amaca ise, Latin Alfabesi ve rakamlar\u0131 Zekeriya amcan\u0131n tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131ya ekip bi\u00e7en Ortak Nebo\u2019dan \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matbaa Avrupa\u2019da kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten 289 y\u0131l sonra Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na girmi\u015ftir. Sofibekir ailesi de e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in resmi devlet okullar\u0131na Cumhuriyet kurulduktan 25 y\u0131l sonra gitmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sofibekirlerden devlet okuluna ilk gidenler Zeki ve Hamza amcalard\u0131r. Kan\u0131mca her iki amcada ayn\u0131 y\u0131l okula kaydolmu\u015flar (1956 olmal\u0131). Zeki amca ilkokuldan sonra okula gitmedi[54]<\/a>. Hamza amca Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da sanat okuluna kay\u0131t oldu, ama okumad\u0131. Okulu b\u0131rakt\u0131. Sofibekirlerden y\u00fcksekokula ilk giden ve bitiren benim. \u0130lk y\u00fcksek lisans yapan da Abdurrahman \u00dcz\u00fclmez\u2019dir.[55]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Ergani (Merkez) \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2p \u0130lkokulu. Y\u0131l: 1938<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131zlar\u0131ndan okula ilk giden k\u0131z karde\u015fim G\u00fclnaz\u2019d\u0131r. Ama G\u00fclnaz okumad\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131ftayken okulu b\u0131rakt\u0131. Karde\u015flerim Y\u00fcksel ve Filiz ise liseyi bitirdiler. Zeki amcan\u0131n k\u0131zlar\u0131 Esma (ortaokul) ve Hilal (lise) da okul okuyanlardand\u0131r. K\u0131zlardan \u00fcniversiteye ilk giden ve bitiren Hamza amcan\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Doktor Banu\u2019dur. Sonralar\u0131 karde\u015flerim ve amcao\u011fullar\u0131 ve k\u0131zlar\u0131 pe\u015f pe\u015fe okullar\u0131 ve y\u00fcksekokullar\u0131 bitireceklerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Usta \u015fairimiz Hasan H\u00fcseyin\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi, i\u015fimiz zordu; \u201cbizler, ya\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc kutlanmayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131y\u0131z bu toplumun; hangi y\u0131lda do\u011fdu\u011fumuz bilinse bile, hangi g\u00fcn do\u011fdu\u011fumuz belli de\u011fildir. (\u2026) Kitaps\u0131zl\u0131k, kitapl\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131k, \u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131k, okulsuzluk, yolsuzluk, \u00e7evresizlik\u2026 \u0130\u015fte bizim ortam\u0131m\u0131z! Emek\u00e7i halk\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131y\u0131z; kendi ge\u00e7ece\u011fi yolu kendisi a\u00e7an makinalara benzeriz biz.<\/em>\u201d[56]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Ergani (Merkez) \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2p \u0130lkokulu. Y\u0131l: 1954<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de o d\u00f6nem g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde her \u015fey vard\u0131, ama asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktu. Ben ve Ali Haydar okula birlikte kaydolduk. 1958 y\u0131l\u0131 olmal\u0131. Ko\u015fullar\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7ok zordu. Bir defa kasabadayd\u0131k, ama kasabadan ayr\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yorduk. Okul \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n okula gidip gelmeler zul\u00fcmd\u00fc. Genellikle bah\u00e7enin yan\u0131ndaki derenin kenar\u0131nda bir y\u0131lan gibi k\u0131vr\u0131lan yoldan okula gidip gelirdik. O zamanlar ne do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir ayakkab\u0131m\u0131z, ne de \u00e7izmemiz vard\u0131. Lastik Gislaved<\/em> (Cizlavit) ayakkab\u0131 bizim i\u00e7in l\u00fckst\u00fc, kara lastik giyiyorduk. Karda, buzda ayak parmaklar\u0131m\u0131z donard\u0131. Okul d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc sonras\u0131 bir\u00e7ok kez so\u011fuktan a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 hat\u0131rlar\u0131m. Defter ve kitaplar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fck<\/em>te (bez torbada) ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131k. Eldivenimiz yoktu. Tek odal\u0131 evde gaz lambas\u0131n\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131k. En \u00f6nemlisi dan\u0131\u015facak, derslerimizde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak, bir \u015feyler soracak kimselerin olmamas\u0131yd\u0131. Kendi yolumuzu, kendi gelece\u011fimizi kendimiz belirledik. \u0130\u015fimiz zordu, kendi ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131zayd\u0131k. Ama ba\u015fard\u0131k, okuduk. Ve bizden sonra okula gidenlere iyi birer \u00f6rnek oldu\u011fumuzu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de hastal\u0131klar ve tedavileri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ocukluk ve gen\u00e7li\u011fe ad\u0131m att\u0131\u011f\u0131m mazide kalan o eski zamanlarda mikrop ve hastal\u0131k \u00e7ok, ila\u00e7 ve doktor yoktu. Hasta olundu\u011funda, k\u0131r\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131k veya do\u011fum oldu\u011funda hastaneye, doktora gidilmezdi. \u0130lkel tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Zaten o d\u00f6nem doktor ve ila\u00e7 da pek yoktu. K\u00f6t\u00fc hastal\u0131klara \u00e7or<\/em> denirdi. So\u011fuk ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, grip oldu\u011fumuzda nane \u00e7ay\u0131 i\u00e7irilerek ya da pi\u015firilmi\u015f ayva yedirilerek yatakta terlelmeye b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131k. Kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda sorun oldu\u011funda dav\u015fan\/tav\u015fan ya\u011f\u0131 \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131za ak\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ocuklar hasta oldu\u011funda Seher Bac\u0131 s\u0131rta jilet atar k\u00f6t\u00fc kan\u0131 ak\u0131t\u0131rd\u0131, Zelo nene ocak karas\u0131yla al\u0131nlara ha\u00e7 (+<\/strong>) i\u015fareti yapard\u0131. Seher Bac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kulun\u00e7<\/em>umun ortas\u0131na (s\u0131rt\u0131ma) att\u0131\u011f\u0131 7 jilet yerinin izlerini halen s\u0131rt\u0131mda ta\u015f\u0131yorum. Ya\u015fl\u0131lara hacamat<\/em> vurulurdu. \u00c7\u0131ban \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda so\u011fan ha\u015flanarak kuzzulkurt<\/em> \u00e7\u0131ban\u0131n \u00fczerine konulurdu. El veya ayakta burkulma oldu\u011funda burkulan yere ya\u011fl\u0131 hamur b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eiddetli \u00f6ks\u00fcrme oldu\u011funda pekmez i\u00e7irilir ve s\u0131rt\u0131na pekmez s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc, sonra pekmez \u00fczerine toz biber ekilir ve bunlar\u0131 kapatacak \u015fekilde s\u0131rta gazete k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 konurdu. Bademcik oldu\u011fumuzda kulaklar \u00e7ekilirdi. Ate\u015fi y\u00fckselenlere[57]<\/a> Cuma babam hamayl\u0131s\u0131ndan dualar okur ve muska<\/em> yazard\u0131[58]<\/a>. Olmad\u0131, kur\u015fun d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc veya Makam\u2019a gidilirdi. K\u0131r\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131k oldu\u011funda ya K\u0131r\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 Musa (Yal\u00e7\u0131n)\u2019ya gidilir, ya da K\u0131r\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 Musa \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Do\u011fum ve kad\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131nda ise Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019\u0131ndan H\u00e2sp\u00e9 Nene (Hasibe Ak\u00e7ay) \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e2sp\u00e9 Nene deyip ge\u00e7memek laz\u0131m. \u00c7ok iyi bir ebe ve \u00fczerimizde \u00e7ok fazla eme\u011fi olan bir insand\u0131r. Babam ve karde\u015flerinin, benim ve karde\u015flerimin, amca \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n hepsinin ebesidir o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ben ve benden \u00f6ncesi b\u00f6yleydi de, ya sonras\u0131? 8 \u015eubat 1977\u2019de o\u011flum Ozan \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de oldu. Ailece \u00e7ok sevindik. Do\u011fumdan sonra e\u015fim Sevgi k\u00f6t\u00fc olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ama. A\u011fr\u0131, sanc\u0131 ve halsizlikten bitap d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. H\u00e2sp\u00e9 Nene, Ergani Devlet Hastanesi\u2019ndeki doktor ve do\u011fum uzman\u0131 \u00e7aresiz kald\u0131. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fiz, ama yerde yar\u0131m metre kar var. Arabalar kardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kam\u0131yor. Neyse do\u011fumdan iki hafta sonra bir araba bulduk ve zar zor \u00c7iftp\u0131nar yolunda Minto Nenenin Suyu\u2019nun yan\u0131na kadar \u00e7\u0131kabildi. Sevgi\u2019yi s\u0131rt\u0131ma ald\u0131m ve Seher Bac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n evinin \u00f6n\u00fcnden kara bat\u0131p \u00e7\u0131karak taksiye g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcm. Hemen direk Diyarbak\u0131r Kad\u0131n ve Do\u011fum Hastanesi\u2019ne gittik. Rahimde par\u00e7a kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in doktorlar hemen ameliyata ald\u0131lar. Doktorun dedi\u011fine g\u00f6re zaman\u0131nda hastaneye yeti\u015ftirmemizle Sevgi o g\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcmden d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Bah\u00e7elerimize Ermenilerin Geli\u015fleri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mintonun Suyu\u2019nda cevizin alt\u0131nda oturmu\u015ftular
Y\u00fcrekleri kanamal\u0131 1915\u2019te vurulmu\u015f yaral\u0131 ku\u015ftular<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin sesi kaybolmaz! 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda, Z\u00fclk\u00fcf Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tepesinde bulunan Meryem Ana Kilisesi\u2019ni Ermeniler de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerden gelerek ziyaret ederlerdi. Bahar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, Paskalya Bayram\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n 40. g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130sa Mesih<\/em>\u2019in g\u00f6\u011fe y\u00fckseli\u015fi yortusu olan Hampartsum<\/em>\u2019da, Meryem Ana Kilisesi b\u00f6lgenin say\u0131l\u0131 kutsal yerlerinden biri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131ndan gencine kad\u0131nl\u0131 erkekli ama \u00e7o\u011funlukla kad\u0131nlar, k\u0131zlar ve \u00e7ocuklar gruplar halinde gelirlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Gelenler, akrabalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bah\u00e7elerinde a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ya da Minto Nenenin Suyu<\/em>\u2019nda ceviz a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda gruplar halinde otururlard\u0131. Annelerimizle ve biz \u00e7ocuklarla hemen \u00e7ok s\u0131cak ili\u015fkiye girerdiler. Biz \u00e7ocuklara \u00e7\u00f6rek, b\u00f6rek, kurabiye, kuru pasta, peksimet t\u00fcr\u00fc \u015feyler verirlerdi. Annelerimiz ve akrabalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n han\u0131mlar\u0131 da onlara ceviz, pestil, yo\u011furt, ye\u015fil so\u011fan, maydanoz t\u00fcr\u00fc \u015feyler verirlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geldiklerinde, gece Meryem Ana Kilisesi\u2019nde kal\u0131rlard\u0131. Gece sabahlara kadar y\u0131k\u0131k kilisenin etraf\u0131nda mum yak\u0131p ibadet ederlerdi. Ellerinde mum d\u00f6nerlerdi. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn parlak oldu\u011fu geceler, \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de evimizden, Ergani\u2019den bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kilisenin etraf\u0131nda, g\u00f6kteki y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, da\u011f\u0131n zirvesinde y\u0131ld\u0131zla\u015fm\u0131\u015f yanan ve hareket eden \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131n tepesinde \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n dans ettiklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fck, ama dualar\u0131n sesini duymazd\u0131k. Sadece, \u00e7ok yava\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n hareket ettiklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi bunlar \u00e7ok gerilerde kald\u0131, ama ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fananlar hi\u00e7 unutulmad\u0131.[59]<\/a> Susmak Kabul Etmek Demektir<\/em> <\/strong>ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 dizelerimde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m gibi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U\u011fursuz kara bir y\u0131ld\u0131r bin dokuz y\u00fcz on be\u015f
Zalim bir fermanla kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131z yok edildi:
Boyanmaz kanl\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f renkli yalanlarla
Zaman\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 dilsiz kayalar her \u015feyi g\u00f6rd\u00fc
\u00c7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 yank\u0131lan\u0131yor kayal\u0131klarda h\u00e2l\u00e2.
Unutma arzusuyla tarihi haf\u0131zadan silemeyiz:
G\u00fcll\u00fck\u2019te a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f sar\u0131 g\u00fcllerin narin yapraklar\u0131na
Ve Venk kayalar\u0131nda \u00f6ten b\u00fclb\u00fcllerin kur\u015fun\u00ee kanatlar\u0131na
Sabah g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vurdu\u011funda her yirmi d\u00f6rt nisan\u2019da
Makam Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kabuk ba\u011flayan y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k ac\u0131lar\u0131 tazelenir.
\u00c7ok farkl\u0131, tuhaf duygular i\u00e7indeyim:
Vicdani y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda, bir ba\u015f\u0131ma
\u0130ki bin on be\u015fin eyl\u00fcl s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131nda elimde foto\u011fraf makinas\u0131
Gen\u00e7 bir kad\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczel g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fc gibi iki tepeli da\u011f\u0131n yamac\u0131nda
Eski zaman tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 harabeleri, mezarl\u0131klar\u0131 geziyorum;
\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki kanl\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc
Kanayan yaran\u0131n tarihi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131
Ermeni mal m\u00fclkiyle kirlenmi\u015f vicdanlar\u0131
Ve tehcir kokan badem a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, ard\u0131\u00e7 ve me\u015feleri g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum.
Ta\u015f, diken ve yaban otlar\u0131yla kapl\u0131 h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc harabelerde
Kayal\u0131klardan esen yelle ge\u00e7mi\u015fin puslu derinli\u011finden gelen:
\u201cBedenlerimiz gitti ama ruhlar\u0131m\u0131z burada\u201d hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 duyuyorum.
Geziyorum, ba\u015f\u0131 tanr\u0131lara y\u00fckselen da\u011f\u0131n yamac\u0131nda
Duvar diplerinde akreplerin pusuda yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 harabelerde
Ve her \u015feyi g\u00f6ren ve bilen kartal yuvas\u0131 kayalarda
Y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce yok edilen insanlar\u0131n ve tarihin izini s\u00fcr\u00fcyorum.
G\u00fcnah\u0131 boynuma nebba\u015f \u00e7ok, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi hat\u0131rlatacak hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yok;
Kasaba viran, toprak yan\u0131k, otlar diken, ta\u015flar keskin, da\u011f sessiz
Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n gazab\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnahlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 sanki Eski Ergani.
(Eyl\u00fcl-Ekim 2015, Ergani)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de yaprak d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHer \u015feyi yar\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015f bir ikindi ku\u015fu gibi
Uzat\u0131r\u0131m h\u00fczn\u00fc be\u015f vakit elem k\u0131lar\u0131m\u201d<\/em>[60]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6z\u00fc fazla uzatman\u0131n gere\u011fi yok. \u201cGeleneksel topluluklar bireysel se\u00e7imleri \u00f6nemsiz \u015feylerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yor, hayata dair kurallar\u0131, her \u015feyin ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc olabilece\u011fini asla fark edemeyecekleri bir \u015fekilde insanlar\u0131n zihnine nak\u015fediyordu.<\/em>\u201d[61]<\/a> Ama D\u00fcnya\u2019da ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fanan sosyal, siyasal, ekonomik, teknolojik geli\u015fmeler ve de\u011fi\u015fim her \u015feyde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019i de de\u011fi\u015fime zorlad\u0131. Hem de nas\u0131l? \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de ya\u015fayanlar art\u0131k kendi dar kabuklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131, daha iyi ko\u015fullarda ya\u015famay\u0131 arzular oldu. Bu nedenle, farkl\u0131 yerlerde farkl\u0131 \u015feyler yapmak i\u00e7in yollara d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Sa\u011flam akrabal\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc. D\u00fcnya genelinde ya\u015fanan k\u0131rsaldan kentsel b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye do\u011fru ge\u00e7i\u015fe paralel bizimkiler de bir bir ayr\u0131l\u0131p de\u011fi\u015fik kentlere gitmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu gitmelerin ard\u0131ndan ba\u011f, bah\u00e7e ve tarlalar sat\u0131l\u0131p el de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Bu duruma \u00f6nce do\u011fa k\u00fcst\u00fc sanki: Toprak Ana\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 olan p\u0131narlar\u0131n sular\u0131 \u00e7ekildi, sonras\u0131nda a\u011fa\u00e7lar ve bitkiler bir bir sarar\u0131p soldu, kurudu. Ard\u0131ndan evler y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131, ba\u011flar mahzun kald\u0131. Bah\u00e7elerin, ba\u011flar\u0131n, tarlalar\u0131n yerlerinde bir biri ard\u0131na \u00e7irkin evler\/yap\u0131lar \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ya\u015fan\u0131lan mek\u00e2nlar yok olsa da insanlar onlar\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015fat\u0131r, belle\u011finde ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cG\u00fcnler devlet alaca\u011f\u0131, y\u0131llar bir kadehcik buzlu rak\u0131<\/em>\u201d[62]<\/a> gibi ge\u00e7ti. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda doku de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6nce Hamza amca polis olunca evini \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Y\u0131l 1967 olmal\u0131. Evlendi\u011finde Abdullah dedeyle birlikte kal\u0131yordu. Sonra 1969\u2019da Yahya amca \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019den ayr\u0131ld\u0131, evini ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1971\u2019de babam Hollanda\u2019ya i\u015f\u00e7i olarak gitti, ama 3-4 sene kal\u0131p tekrar geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.[63]<\/a> Daha sonra Zeki amca evini ilkin Keban ve Maden\u2019e, sonras\u0131nda da Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve gidenlere beni de eklemeliyim. 1976\u2019de evlendim. O zaman i\u015fsizdim ve daha okulumu bitirmemi\u015ftim. Bir y\u0131l kadar babamlarda kald\u0131m. Okulu bitirdikten sonra 1978\u2019de Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da i\u015f bulup Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131m. Ozan Ergani\u2019de (1977), Utku Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da (1980) do\u011fdu. 1982\u2019ye kadar Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da oturdum. Sonra 12 Eyl\u00fcl rejimi taraf\u0131ndan 1982\u2019de siyasi olarak yakalan\u0131p cezaevine kondum. 1984\u2019te cezaevinden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca an\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n mek\u00e2n\u0131na elveda deyip \u0130stanbul\u2019a yerle\u015ftim. Ali Haydar\u2019da 1982\u2019de siyasi nedenlerle aranmaya ba\u015flan\u0131nca \u00e7areyi \u0130stanbul\u2019a gitmekte buldu. Halen benim gibi o da \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Ama burada \u015funu da unutmayal\u0131m: Bizler nereye gidersek gidelim \u00f6zlemin o yaman s\u0131z\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7imizde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131k, kendi hik\u00e2yemizi birlikte g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fck. Ama, insan sevdi\u011finin ten kokusunu nas\u0131l hi\u00e7 unutmaz ise, bizler de do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz evin, mek\u00e2n\u0131n kokusunu hi\u00e7bir zaman unutmad\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Esas yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fim 1980\u2019lerde oldu. Bu de\u011fi\u015fime bire bir tam tan\u0131k olamad\u0131m: Siyasi faaliyetlerim nedeniyle aranmam, ka\u00e7ak gezmem, tutuklanmam, cezaevine d\u00fc\u015fmem ve sonras\u0131nda da \u0130stanbul\u2019a yerle\u015fmem nedeniyle\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ama anlat\u0131lanlar ve sonradan g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerim fazla s\u00f6ze gerek b\u0131rakm\u0131yor. Bu d\u00f6nemde aile b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin bir bir \u00f6l\u00fcmleri sonucu arazilerin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan arazilerin birer birer ba\u015fka \u015fah\u0131slara sat\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u00dc\u00e7evler eski \u00f6zelli\u011fini yitirdi. Abdullah dedenin kona\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131n alanlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p yerle bir edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evinin oldu\u011fu yer \u015fimdi tarla olmu\u015f. Yerinde hi\u00e7bir iz, kal\u0131nt\u0131 yok art\u0131k. Ar\u0131\u015f bile s\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Zaman\u0131nda ak\u0131l edip de ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n ve aile b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimizin do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 dahi \u00e7ekememi\u015fiz, mazinin foto\u011fraflarda saklanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnememi\u015fiz. Yaz\u0131k. Ergani\u2019ye her gitti\u011fimde dedemin evini ve yapraklar\u0131nda g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ne\u015feyle par\u0131ldad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fczelim o ar\u0131\u015f\u0131 arar\u0131m, ama soluk an\u0131lardan ba\u015fka geriye kalan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yok yerlerinde. Zekeriya amcan\u0131n kona\u011f\u0131 da yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde sat\u0131n alanlarca y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ve yerine tek katl\u0131 beton bir ev yap\u0131ld\u0131. Mehmet day\u0131n\u0131n tek katl\u0131 dam\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n alanlar da y\u0131k\u0131p yerine iki katl\u0131 beton \u00e7irkin bir ev yapt\u0131. K\u0131sacas\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019in fiziki tarihi yok oldu, g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131ran do\u011fal g\u00fczellikler hopan<\/em>\/bozulmu\u015f, viran olmu\u015f bir ba\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u015eimdi \u00e7ok uzaklarda kald\u0131 o ye\u015fil cennet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn, \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de eski evlerden kalan bir tek ev bizim ev, kalan tek insan da anam Hava\u2019d\u0131r. M\u00fclk olarak da Abbas Dedenin Tarlas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda su kuyusunun oldu\u011fu yerde bulunan anam\u0131n, daha do\u011frusu \u015eadan\u2019n\u0131n bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bah\u00e7edir. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de, \u00dc\u00e7evlerin kalan en son, tek \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131 Hava anamd\u0131r. Anam bu D\u00fcnya\u2019ya veda etti\u011finde sadece ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 evinin kap\u0131s\u0131 kapanmayacak, \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019den geriye kalan ne varsa anamla birlikte yok olup gidecektir[64]<\/a>. Yok olanlar zincirine en son halka eklenerek bir devir t\u00fcmden kapanacakt\u0131r. Sofibekirler\u2019in bu mek\u00e2n\u0131, bu mek\u00e2nda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 ve an\u0131lar\u0131 noktalanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fimiz ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kalacakt\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7evlerde Sofibekirler soyundan gelen bizler kendi varolu\u015f ruhumuzun derin miras\u0131ndan kopaca\u011f\u0131z ve ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ba\u015fka ba\u015fka mek\u00e2nlarda farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13 Ekim 2013-2 \u015eubat 2014
Ayval\u0131k\/Bal\u0131kesir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

&&&<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YAZIMA EK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEski Zamanlarda \u00dc\u00e7evler<\/em>\u201d<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131 2 \u015eubat 2014 tarihinde yazd\u0131m. Yaz\u0131dan y\u0131llar sonra, 2 May\u0131s 2021 tarihinde Hava anam vefat etti. Vefat nedeniyle yaz\u0131ma hi\u00e7 dokunmad\u0131m. Sadece yaz\u0131n\u0131n sonunda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi bir dip not<\/em><\/strong> d\u00fc\u015ferek vefat edi\u015fini belirttim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Annemizi y\u00e2d etmek g\u00f6revimiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karde\u015fim Ali Haydar\u2019\u0131n anam\u0131z\u0131n vefat\u0131 nedeniyle, 3 May\u0131s 2021\u2019de Ergani Haber[65]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong> gazetesinde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, anam\u0131z\u0131 anlatan \u015fiirsel dizeleri bu anlamda \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada bunu payla\u015fman\u0131n uygun olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u0130\u015fte o g\u00fczel dizeler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ANNEM<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O,
\u0130yi bir e\u015f,
\u0130yi bir anne,
\u0130yi bir dosttu.
\u0130yi, erdemli, do\u011fadan \u00f6\u011frenen bilge bir kad\u0131nd\u0131.
Do\u011fa anayd\u0131; kurdun, ku\u015fun hakk\u0131n\u0131 hukukunu koruyan onlara sevgi ve merhametle yakla\u015fan; mahallenin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 seven, sevindiren, onlar\u0131 koruyan, Hava Anneydi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n


O, iyi bir insand\u0131.
\u00dc\u00e7evlerin ulu \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131yd\u0131.
Onu kaybettik.
\u00c7\u0131nar\u0131m\u0131z devrildi, bir d\u00f6nem kapand\u0131.
\u00dc\u00e7evler, onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile tarih oldu.
O, art\u0131k \u00dc\u00e7evlerde yok!
\u00dc\u00e7evler de art\u0131k yok!
O, bizi bize emanet etti, \u00e7ekip gitti.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sevenleri, dostlar\u0131 sa\u011f olsunlar!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 May\u0131s 2021
Ali Haydar \u00dcz\u00fclmez<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k sonucu Nam\u0131k Kemal diye yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, do\u011frusu \u0130smet Pa\u015fa Mahallesi\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> \u015eerafettin G\u00fcneli, B\u00fct\u00fcn Y\u00f6nleriyle ERGAN\u0130<\/strong>, Modern Matbaa, 1966, Ank., s. 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a>30 May\u0131s 1926 tarih ve 877 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/strong>. M\u00fclk\u00ee \u0130dare B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ller \u0130daresi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Say\u0131: 10, 1968, Ankara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> <\/sup>\u00dc\u00e7evler \u015fimdi resmi kay\u0131tlarda (\u00c7iftp\u0131nar Caddesi) Nebi Sokak<\/strong> olarak ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Daha geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in Ergani\u2019nin Sakl\u0131 Sayfas\u0131: ERMEN\u0130LER<\/strong> kitab\u0131ma bak\u0131n\u0131z. (\u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2016, \u0130stanbul, s.90-91.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a>\u00d6zdemir Asaf, Benden Sonra Mutluluk<\/strong>, Adam Yay., 12. Bas\u0131m, 1997, \u0130st, s.218.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a>Kozik<\/strong>: Kap\u0131 \u00f6nlerinde veya yanlar\u0131nda kerpi\u00e7 ya da ufak ta\u015flarla \u00e7evrili ve i\u00e7inde kara ocak bulunan alana kozik deniliyordu. Y\u00fckseklikleri 80-100 cm, alan\u0131 1,5-2 m2<\/sup> kadard\u0131. \u00c7evrili alan\u0131n taban\u0131, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f duvar diyebilece\u011fimiz y\u00fckseltiler samanl\u0131 \u00e7amurla s\u0131van\u0131rd\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de her evin bir kozi\u011fi vard\u0131. Burada a\u015f ve ekmek pi\u015firilir, su ve s\u00fct kaynat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Evlerde kibrit ender kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yoktu, kibrit k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu nedenle ocaklar\u0131n birinde mutlaka ata\u015f<\/em>\/ate\u015f can \u00e7eki\u015fene kadar yanard\u0131. Yeni bir ocak yak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 zaman ate\u015f olan ocaktan carrud<\/em>la birazc\u0131k ate\u015f al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a>Mantiz (Malt\u0131z)<\/strong>: Yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 cm y\u00fcksekli\u011finde, 25 cm \u00e7ap\u0131nda sacdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yuvarlak bir t\u00fcr \u0131zgaral\u0131 ve ayakl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ocakt\u0131r. Izgara \u00fczerine ocakta yanm\u0131\u015f kor ate\u015f veya a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ate\u015fi konularak yemek pi\u015firilir, \u00e7ay kaynat\u0131l\u0131r ve su \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Vergilius, S\u0131\u011f\u0131rtma\u00e7 T\u00fcrk\u00fcleri<\/strong>, (\u00c7ev: \u0130smet Z. Eyubo\u011flu), \u00c7an Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1962, \u0130stanbul, s.46.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Margosyan, G\u00e2vur Mahallesi<\/strong>, Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 1995, \u0130stanbul, s.66.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a>Tar<\/strong>: Ah\u0131rda pencere kenar\u0131na yerden yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 metre kadar y\u00fcksekte duvara sabitlenmi\u015f kalaslar \u00fczerine konulmu\u015f tahta ya da \u00e7al\u0131 \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131 \u00fczerine toprak serilerek yap\u0131lan kanatl\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131n (tavuk, g\u00fcvercin, \u2026) bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131na deniliyordu. K\u00fcmes hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n ayaklar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ezilmemesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Evlerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde ya da d\u0131\u015far\u0131da evlerin duvarlar\u0131na biti\u015fik yap\u0131lan ilkel k\u00fcmeslere ise Pin<\/strong> denirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Maalesef yol geni\u015fletme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle bu \u00e7am a\u011fa\u00e7\u0131 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda belediye ekiplerince k\u00f6k\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> K\u0131k\u0131<\/strong>: Koyun gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> F\u0131\u015fk\u0131<\/strong>: At, e\u015fek d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Nevri D\u00f6nmek<\/strong>: \u00c7ok \u00f6fkelenmek, sinirlenip k\u0131zmak anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan yerel bir deyim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a>\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de horozlar sevilirdi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ar\u015f\u0131\u00e2l\u00e2da beyaz bir horozun var oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr ve evlerde beslenen horozlar\u0131n kafalar\u0131n\u0131 dikleyip sol g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kapat\u0131p sa\u011f g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7evirerek ar\u015f\u0131\u00e2l\u00e2daki beyaz horozu g\u00f6zleyerek onun i\u015faretiyle \u00f6t\u00fcp namaz vakitlerini bildirdiklerine inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Vakitsiz \u00f6ten horozlar ise sevilmezdi, bunlar\u0131n kafalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesi gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Horozlar\u0131n \u00f6t\u00fc\u015f ve kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin anlat\u0131lar sadece \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de anlat\u0131lanla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir; ilk \u00e7a\u011flardan beri hem Bat\u0131\u2019da, hem de Do\u011fu\u2019da benzer anlat\u0131lar vard\u0131r. \u00d6rnek: Eski Yunan mitolojisinde. Ares (Sava\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131) sevgilisi Aphrodit ile bulu\u015fmaya giderken, g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6rmesin diye \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc bir arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bek\u00e7i olarak b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f. O da uyumu\u015f. Bu duruma k\u0131zan Ares, \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 horoz yapm\u0131\u015f. G\u00fcne\u015f do\u011farken her sabah horozun \u00f6tmesi, Ares\u2019e, \u201cUyan g\u00fcne\u015f geliyor<\/em>!\u201d uyar\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Zerd\u00fc\u015ft dininde ise, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n koruyucu mele\u011fi Sro\u015f\u2019un en etkili silah\u0131 kutsal \u015fark\u0131lard\u0131r. Bundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, hi\u00e7bir Ortodoks Parsi horoz \u2013erkek ku\u015f-eti yemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a>Yahya amca \u0130stanbul\u2019a gidince bu evi uzun s\u00fcre cenan (yar\u0131c\u0131) dedikleri Baltac\u0131 Ali\u2019ye kiraya, bilmiyorum, bekli de evin bak\u0131m\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda verildi. 1980\u2019den \u00f6nce Ergani\u2019de yava\u015f yava\u015f K\u00fcrt hareketinin ve devrimci olaylar\u0131n\u0131n alevlendi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde; o evde oturan K\u00fcrt cenan Baltac\u0131 Ali\u2019nin Zirk\u00ee k\u00f6y\u00fcnden olan e\u015fi G\u00fcll\u00fc ablan\u0131n lisede okuyan erkek karde\u015fi R\u0131za Dursun okuldan eve d\u00f6nerken polislerce \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. K\u00f6yden okumaya gelmi\u015fti, G\u00fcll\u00fc ablan\u0131n yan\u0131nda kal\u0131yordu. Olay\u0131 tam hat\u0131rlam\u0131yorum, ama o kad\u0131n\u0131n figan\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcye yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131t\u0131 hi\u00e7 unutam\u0131yorum. S\u00f6zlerini hi\u00e7 anlamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m! (K\u00fcrt\u00e7e oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in) Ama halen unutamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir yas ve a\u011f\u0131tt\u0131r benim i\u00e7in. Belki Ergani\u2019de ilk \u00f6lenlerden biriydi. Bu \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olaydan sonra canan\u0131m\u0131z yeniden k\u00f6y\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Yahya amcan\u0131n evinde bir daha hi\u00e7 kimse oturmad\u0131. Ben, \u015eadan, Y\u0131lmaz\u2026 \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019in d\u00f6nem \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 k\u0131\u015f ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde i\u00e7ersinde oyun oynard\u0131k. K\u00f6pek veya hayvan besleyip sohbetler ederdik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yahya amcan\u0131n bu bo\u015f evi benim unutamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m an\u0131larla doludur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, cenan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n benim ya\u015flarda g\u00fczel bir k\u0131z\u0131 vard\u0131. \u015eadan ve ben, hep onula oynard\u0131k evlerinin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndaki tenekelerle kapal\u0131 kozikte. \u0130smini hat\u0131rlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m o k\u0131z, ilk k\u0131z arkada\u015f\u0131md\u0131. G\u00fczel an\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, birde 12 Eyl\u00fcl Darbesi olduktan on g\u00fcn sonra Yahya amcan\u0131n evini \u00f6n\u00fcnde ya\u011fmurda ve \u00e7amurda ben ve \u015eadan birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sadece kitap yakt\u0131k. Hayat\u0131mda ilk defa Marx\u2019\u0131, Engels\u2019i, Lenin\u2019i, devrimci ki\u015fi ve kavramlar\u0131 kitap \u00fczerinde orda g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. \u0130lkokul 5.s\u0131n\u0131ftayd\u0131m. Bu kavramlarla lise y\u0131llar\u0131mda herkesin \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi \u015fekilde felsefe, tarih veya sosyoloji derslerinde tan\u0131\u015fmad\u0131m, Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda bir haftada, onlar\u0131 sayfa sayfa yakarken bir taraftan okuyarak \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftim. Sis ve duman i\u00e7ersinde b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck. Bu yak\u0131lan kitaplar genelde \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019deki gen\u00e7lerin (M\u00fcsl\u00fcm, Ali Haydar, Mitat\u2026) kitaplar\u0131yd\u0131. Bilmiyorum, hapisten sonra sordular m\u0131 kitaplar\u0131m\u0131z nerde diye? Asl\u0131nda, bu a\u011fabeylerimin kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00fczg\u00fcn\u00fcm! Ama ben buna mecburdum! Bu vesile ile hepinizden \u00f6z\u00fcr dilerim. B\u00fcy\u00fcklerim yak\u0131n dediler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc polis ve jandarma hi\u00e7 bo\u015f b\u0131rakm\u0131yordu evleri. Bu olay bende travma (sars\u0131nt\u0131) yaratacak kadar iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonra ki hayat\u0131mda kitaplar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemsemi\u015fimdir. –E\u015fref \u00dcz\u00fclmez<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a>Lo\u011fdur<\/strong>: A\u011fa\u00e7 veya demir \u015fi\u015ften yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f lo\u011f \u00e7ekmede kullan\u0131lan bir d\u00fczenek\/ayg\u0131t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a>Sekl\u00fczyon<\/strong>: Olumsuz \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan korunmak amac\u0131yla kazan\u0131lan fizyolojik uyum.-M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a>Ann Chamberlin, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u00d6rt\u00fcnmenin K\u0131sa Tarihi Aynadaki Pe\u00e7e<\/strong>, \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2p Kitapevi, 2009, \u0130stanbul, s.141.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> \u00d6zdemir \u0130nce, Tohum \u00d6l\u00fcrse<\/strong>, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1994, \u0130stanbul, s.84.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de k\u0131rsal alanlarda bahsi ge\u00e7en y\u0131llarda genelde insanlar tuvalet ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 evlerin bodrum veya zemin katlar\u0131nda bulunan hayvanlara ait ah\u0131rda giderirlerdi. Bayanlar ibri\u011fiyle suyunu kap\u0131 arkas\u0131 suluktan al\u0131r hemen ayn\u0131 kattaki ah\u0131ra y\u00f6nelirdi. Erkeklerde \u00f6yle yapard\u0131. \u00c7ocuklar ise dam arkas\u0131na ya da dereye ko\u015fard\u0131. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da tuvalet k\u00f6ylerde yoktu. \u00c7ok s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015fimdir ben \u015fahsen. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ocukluk an\u0131lar\u0131m zaten bu konuda k\u00f6t\u00fc. \u015eado nene \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 teneke tuvalette yana\u015ft\u0131rmazd\u0131. Birde ben \u00f6\u011fretmen olunca k\u00f6ylere se\u00e7im zaman\u0131 sand\u0131k ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak gitmeye ba\u015flad\u0131m. Hemen her se\u00e7imde k\u00f6ylere sand\u0131k ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak gitti\u011fimde bu problemi ya\u015fard\u0131m. Evlerin i\u00e7ersinde tuvalet yoktu. Muhtar\u0131n evinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde ve okulun \u00f6n\u00fcnde veya biti\u015fi\u011finde tuvalet bazen olabiliyordu. Bu Maden\u2019de Esma ablam\u0131n k\u00f6y\u00fc D\u00fcngan (Sa\u011f\u0131rlar K\u00f6y\u00fc)\u2019da da b\u00f6yleydi. Hatta 1992-1993 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ordu\u2019nun Mesudiye il\u00e7esi Arpaalan k\u00f6y\u00fcne ilk g\u00f6reve gitti\u011fimde okulun \u00f6n\u00fcnde, ama okul \u00e7eperinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir tuvalet vard\u0131. Ben oraya gidene kadar \u00f6\u011frencilerin kullanmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131. Olay\u0131 anlay\u0131nca \u00f6\u011frencileri toplay\u0131p \u00f6nce tuvaletin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 boyay\u0131p (pembe renge), temizli\u011fini yapt\u0131ktan sonra hep beraber kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. Oradaki \u00f6\u011frencilerimin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ilk ger\u00e7ek tuvalet kullanma al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131 belki. Yani Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi de bizden farks\u0131z de\u011fildi. –E\u015fref \u00dcz\u00fclmez<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Server Tanilli, Yarat\u0131c\u0131 Akl\u0131n Sentezi<\/strong>, Adam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1999, \u0130stanbul, s.301.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> Ergin G\u00fcn\u00e7e, T\u00fcrkiye Kadar Bir \u00c7i\u00e7ek<\/strong>, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1988, \u0130stanbul, s.38.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a>Edindi\u011fim bilgilere g\u00f6re Abbas ve C\u00fcma dedelerin mezar\u0131 mezarl\u0131kta bulunan ard\u0131\u00e7 a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda, a\u011fac\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn oldu\u011fu yerdedir. \u00d6nce Abbas dede \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve ard\u0131\u00e7 a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Daha sonra C\u00fcma dede \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve Abbas dedenin \u00fczerine g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Yani iki karde\u015f ayn\u0131 mezarda yatmaktad\u0131r. K\u00f6r C\u00fcma (S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct) ve Esma Nene\u2019nin babas\u0131 \u00c7olak C\u00fcma\u2019n\u0131n mezarlar\u0131 da C\u00fcma dedenin mezar\u0131n\u0131n hemen yan\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> Ey\u00fcp \u00d6zbay, \u201cKay\u0131p S\u00f6zc\u00fckler ve \u00c7\u00f6pten Hayatlar<\/em><\/strong>\u201d \u00dcvercinka Edebiyat, Ekim 2018, s.5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> Murathan Mungan, A\u015fk\u0131n Cep Defteri<\/strong>, Metis Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2012, \u0130stanbul, s.24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> K\u00f6lor<\/strong>: Ermenice \u201cyuvarlak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen glorik<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> \u00c7\u00fct<\/strong>: ikili, \u00e7ift anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kas\u0131m ve Mart aylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00c7\u00fct (\u00e7ift) s\u00fcr\u00fclerek ekimler yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kar kalkt\u0131ktan sonra yap\u0131lan \u00e7ift s\u00fcrmeye \u201cBahar \u00c7\u00fct\u00fc<\/em><\/strong>\u201d denirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> Re\u00e7ber<\/strong>: S\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn asl\u0131 rencber<\/strong>dir. Fars\u00e7a k\u00f6kenlidir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de ren\u00e7ber<\/strong> \u015feklinde telaffuz edilmektedir. \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik yapanlara re\u00e7ber<\/strong> denilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a>\u201c\u0130ncire, zeytine, Sina da\u011f\u0131na ve \u015fu emin beldeye yemin ederim ki, biz insan\u0131 en g\u00fczel bi\u00e7imde yaratt\u0131k. Sonra onu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131na indirdik<\/em>.\u201d (Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem ve A\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 Me\u00e2li<\/strong>, T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, (el-Tin S\u00fbresi1,2,3,4,4,5. ayetler), s.596.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a>\u00d6zdemir \u0130nce, Tekvin-Toplu \u015eiirler-1<\/strong>, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1994, \u0130stanbul, s.243.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> <\/sup>Pizez<\/strong>: Pizez Ermenice bir kelimedir. K\u0131nkanatl\u0131 b\u00f6cekler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Bizler bok b\u00f6ce\u011fine bok pizezi derdik. Bok b\u00f6ce\u011fi deyip ge\u00e7memek laz\u0131m, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her \u015feyin yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu (Eski M\u0131s\u0131r) \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/strong>\u2019nda bok b\u00f6ce\u011finin (khe\u2019prenin)<\/em> kozmik evrenin meydana getirili\u015fini, ya\u015fam\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc simgeledi\u011fi yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> \u00c7ok sonralar\u0131 sokunun bulundu\u011fu arsa sat\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eadan da soku<\/em>yu elde tek mevcut kalan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bah\u00e7eye ta\u015f\u0131tarak yadig\u00e2r\u0131 koruma alt\u0131na ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> Kad\u0131nlarla ilgili anlatt\u0131klar\u0131ndan g\u00fczel bir \u015fey yakalad\u0131m. Ailede Hece Hala ve di\u011fer kad\u0131nlara mirastan pay verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bile k\u00f6ylerde \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olarak kad\u0131nlar mirastan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunu da vurgulamak iyi olur san\u0131r\u0131m. –Abdurrahman \u00dcz\u00fclmez<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> Vecdi Suba\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cUnutmad\u0131m Hem\u015ferim<\/em><\/strong>\u201d adl\u0131 \u015fiirinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> \u201cCumhuriyetin ilk 27 y\u0131l\u0131nda n\u00fcfusun \u00e7ok ezici bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tar\u0131mla ge\u00e7iniyordu. Ve devlet vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 75\u2019inden b\u0131rak\u0131n vergi toplamay\u0131, onlar\u0131 kay\u0131t alt\u0131na bile alm\u0131yordu<\/em>.\u201d (\u0130smet Berkan, Se\u00e7imi Kazanan \u0130dare F\u0131rkas\u0131d\u0131r, \u00c7ocuk!<\/strong>, Do\u011fan Kitap, 2014, \u0130stanbul, s.70.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> <\/sup>Nergizleme<\/strong>: Mezopotamya halklar\u0131n\u0131n en eski yemeklerinden biri Nergizleme<\/em>\u2019dir. \u00d6zellikle \u015eemsiler<\/em> ve Sabiler<\/em> \u00e7ok g\u00fczel Nergizleme<\/em> yaparlarm\u0131\u015f ve bu yap\u0131lan Nergizlenme yeme\u011fiyle de Bahar\u0131<\/em> kar\u015f\u0131larm\u0131\u015flar. Bug\u00fcn halen bu yemek Ergani\u2019de yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa yazmak istiyorum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130htiyaca g\u00f6re yumurtalar iyice ha\u015flan\u0131r. Sonra ha\u015flanan pi\u015fmi\u015f lop yumurtalar b\u0131\u00e7akla par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sora da bu par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yumurtalar\u0131n \u00fczerine bol miktarda temizlenmi\u015f ye\u015fil so\u011fan ve ye\u015fil maydanoz do\u011fran\u0131r. \u00dczerine bir miktar tuz, pul veya toz biber serpilir. \u0130yice kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca Nergizleme haz\u0131r duruma gelir. Do\u011frusu bu, ama isteyenler az\u0131c\u0131k limon s\u0131kabilir ve birazc\u0131k zeytinya\u011f\u0131 ilave edebilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a>\u015eado abla ve Hatice abla Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019l\u0131 olup Yerlikaya ailesindendir. Yerlikaya ailesi Be\u015fikta\u015f\u0131\u2019na Palu\u2019dan gelip yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a>Cuma amca hari\u00e7 bu listedeki herkes d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelin gelen ki\u015filer, Zelo nene \u00f6rne\u011finde ise annesinin bu konumda (K\u0131le\u015f k\u00f6y\u00fcnden) oldu\u011fu dikkat \u00e7ekici. Zira bu ki\u015filer zaten etnik olarak da K\u00fcrtt\u00fcler. Gene Zelo nenenin annesi hari\u00e7 hepsinin de Yerlikaya ailesinden olmas\u0131 da dikkat \u00e7ekici. –Abdurrahman \u00dcz\u00fclmez<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a>V\u0131tik<\/strong>: Keklikten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, b\u0131ld\u0131rc\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yaban hayvan\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 y\u00f6relerde kum kekli\u011fi olarak isimlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a>Nah\u0131r<\/strong>: Hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlar say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7obanlar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcn boyu otlat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a>Do\u011frusu ve tam K\u00fcrd\u00e7esi; \u201cManga min yeke. Nan\u00ea xwe, weke guh\u00ea kero\u015fk\u00ea meke<\/em>\u201d dir. Salih \u015eim\u015fek arkada\u015f\u0131ma K\u00fcrd\u00e7e katk\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 te\u015fekk\u00fcr\u00fc bor\u00e7 bilirim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a>Sofibekirlerden ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fan ilk ki\u015fi Ali \u00dcz\u00fclmez (1907-1979)\u2019dir. Yahya amca bakkal d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131 a\u00e7madan \u00f6nce Meydan\u2019in giri\u015finde Ali amca bir bakkal d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. D\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131 k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra o\u011flu Mahmut\u2019a b\u0131rakt\u0131. Daha sonra da d\u00fckk\u00e2n kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Hagop M\u0131ntzuri,Turna Nereden Gelirsin?<\/strong>, Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2010, s.197<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a>1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Ergani\u2019de benim bildi\u011fim kadar\u0131yla d\u00f6rt han vard\u0131: Eski Bu\u011fday Pazar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kuzey\u2019inde Hanc\u0131 Ahmet ve Hanc\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn, Bu\u011fday Pazar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcney\u2019inde Hanc\u0131 Kemal\u2019\u0131n, birde Kemaliye Mahallesi\u2019nde \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya yak\u0131n Hanc\u0131 Ali\u2019nin han\u0131. Faho dedem \u00c7ermik\u2019ten e\u015fekle geldi\u011finde sataca\u011f\u0131 e\u015fyalar\u0131 Meydan\u2019da Tahto Ahmed\u2019in d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131na indirdikten sonra bar\u0131nmas\u0131, dinlenmesi ve yeminin, suyunun verilmesi i\u00e7in e\u015fe\u011fini Hanc\u0131 Ahmet\u2019in han\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130\u015fi bitti\u011finde ve bizleri de g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra han \u00fccretini verip e\u015fe\u011fini alarak \u00c7ermik\u2019e geri d\u00f6nerdi. Dedemle birlikte bende \u00c7ermik\u2019e e\u015fekle \u00e7ok gidip gelmi\u015fim. Yine, Abdullah dede da\u011fdan saman, zahire ve sair y\u00fckler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u015fe\u011finin nal\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k d\u00fc\u015ferdi. E\u015fe\u011fin ayaklar\u0131na nal \u00e7akt\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 zaman Abdullah dede Hanc\u0131 Ahmet\u2019in ya da \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn han\u0131na e\u015fe\u011fini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, burada nalbant nal \u00e7akard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Margosyan, G\u00e2vur Mahallesi<\/strong>, Aras Yay., 4.Bask\u0131, 1995, \u0130stanbul, s.71.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a>\u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de \u00fcz\u00fcm s\u0131kmada kullan\u0131lan \u015fire bezleri genellikle Faho dedeme sipari\u015f verilerek \u00c7ermik\u2019ten getirtilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Bilindi\u011fi gibi anason rak\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Meyane s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bu nedenle meyhaneden geldi\u011fini ve zamanla s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131nda (h) harfinin d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle meyane haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> N<\/strong>urettin De\u011firmenci, 1960\u2019l\u0131 Y\u0131llardan Bir Kesit: \u00c7ERM\u0130K<\/strong>, Bulut Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2002, \u0130stanbul, s.237-240.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Orhan Han\u00e7erlio\u011flu, \u0130sl\u00e2m \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131 S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong>, Remzi Kitapevi, 3. Bas\u0131m, 2000, \u0130stanbul, s.725.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> \u201cM\u00fckebe<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn asl\u0131n\u0131n Ermenicede has\u0131r sepet anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u201cM\u0131kbe<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Vecdi Suba\u015f\u0131, Diyar\u0131ma Gidilecek Zamand\u0131r (\u015eiirler)<\/strong>, 2005, Ankara, s. 41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a>Babam ortaokulu bitirmek i\u00e7in san\u0131r\u0131m 1979\u2019da d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bitirme s\u0131navlar\u0131na girdi. Ama ancak Maden\u2019deyken b\u00fct\u00fcn derslerini vererek ortaokul diplomas\u0131 ald\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00f6nceki Haziran ay\u0131nda (1999) ise a\u00e7\u0131k liseyi bitirerek lise diplomas\u0131 ald\u0131. (Tatillerde Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019a gitti\u011fimde birka\u00e7 defa kendisiyle lise derslerini beraber \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fans\u0131 da yakalad\u0131m bu vesileyle.) Bunu yapmas\u0131ndaki ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri de g\u00f6revde y\u00fckselmek daha iyi bir pozisyondan emekli olmakt\u0131. –Abdurrahman \u00dcz\u00fclmez<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> <\/sup>Abdurrahman \u00dcz\u00fclmez, 1989\u2019da Hacette \u00dcniversitesi Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Tarih b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden lisans mezun oldu. 1992-94 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise ayn\u0131 \u00fcniversitenin Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Tarih Anabilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Islahat D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin Geli\u015fimi (1718-1839)<\/em><\/strong>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 teziyle \u201cTarih Bilim Uzman\u0131\u201d diplomas\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Hasan H\u00fcseyin, B\u00fct\u00fcn \u015eiirleri-7\/Ko\u00e7ero Vatan \u015eiiri<\/strong>, 5. Bas\u0131m, Bilgi Yay\u0131nevi, 1998, \u0130stanbul, s.264.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> <\/sup>Zeki amca \u00e7ocukken bir havale ge\u00e7irir. Do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst tedavi ettirilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in havale sonucunda aya\u011f\u0131nda sakatl\u0131k olu\u015fur. Gezerken topallar, hafiften aksak gezerdi. Abdurrahman \u00dcz\u00fclmez babas\u0131ndan dinledi\u011fi bu olay\u0131 bana \u015f\u00f6yle anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cKendisinden bir anekdot dinlemi\u015ftim. Akl\u0131mda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re havale ge\u00e7irmesine ra\u011fmen \u2013herhalde \u00fc\u015f\u00fcmesin diye- sar\u0131p sarmalay\u0131p doktora g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler. (Akl\u0131mda b\u00f6yle kalm\u0131\u015f. Bekli de ba\u015fka bir yere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrken) Ancak tela\u015f i\u00e7inde g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken bir aya\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da kalm\u0131\u015f so\u011fu\u011fa temas etmi\u015f. Bu aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flam kalmas\u0131n\u0131 da bu tela\u015f ve dalg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa bor\u00e7luymu\u015f. Di\u011fer aya\u011f\u0131 ise yeterince geli\u015fmeyip dizden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 normalden ince kalm\u0131\u015f<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Bir k\u0131\u015f Palu\u2019dan bir kar\u0131 koca aile geldi. G\u00f6zlerinin feri s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f, a\u011fz\u0131 k\u00f6p\u00fck k\u00f6p\u00fck, sesi h\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 zavall\u0131 bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu getirmi\u015flerdi yanlar\u0131nda babam dua okusun diye. Saral\u0131yd\u0131. Ben ve karde\u015flerim korkmu\u015ftuk. Babam dualar\u0131n\u0131 okudu. O ak\u015fam bizde kald\u0131lar. K\u0131\u015f ve kar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in. Sabahleyin gittiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in Ergani Ermenileri ile ilgili Ergani Tarihinin Sakl\u0131 Sayfas\u0131 ERMEN\u0130LER<\/strong> adl\u0131 kitabaa bak\u0131n\u0131z. (M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez, \u0130smail Be\u015fikci Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2016, \u0130stanbul.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a>Ergin G\u00fcn\u00e7e, T\u00fcrkiye Kadar Bir \u00c7i\u00e7ek<\/strong>, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1988, \u0130stanbul, s. 57.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> Stephen Caunce, S\u00f6zl\u00fc Tarih ve Yerel Tarih\u00e7i<\/strong>, Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Bask\u0131, (\u00c7ev: Y\u0131lmaz B\u00fclent Can-Alper Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya), 2011, \u0130stanbul, s.140.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Hasan H\u00fcseyin, B\u00fct\u00fcn \u015eiirleri-7\/Ko\u00e7ero Vatan \u015eiiri<\/strong>, 5. Bas\u0131m, Bilgi Yay\u0131nevi, 1998, \u0130stanbul, s.118.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a>Sofibekirlerden yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na ilk \u00e7\u0131kan ki\u015fi babam Cuma, s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesinden biriyle ilk evlenen o\u011flum Ozan, okuyanlar ise ye\u011fenlerim \u015eahan ve Cumali \u00dcz\u00fclmez\u2019dir. \u00d6yk\u00fc \u00dcz\u00fclmez ise bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak aileden ilk yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan ve doktora yapand\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> 2 May\u0131s 2021\u2019de Hava anam hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu. Yorgun bedeni beyaz kefene sar\u0131l\u0131p kara topra\u011fa verildi, asil ruhu ise meleklerin kanatlar\u0131nda mavi g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn sonsuzlu\u011funa a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Mek\u00e2n\u0131 g\u00fcl ve g\u00fclistanl\u0131k olsun. -10 May\u0131s 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> 3 May\u0131s 2021\/ https:\/\/www.erganihaber.net\/haber\/8417\/annem.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde:<\/strong>
Ergani Haber<\/strong> gazetesinde
https:\/\/www.erganihaber.net\/haber\/10552\/eski-zamanlarda-ucevler.html
yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

ergani<\/a>, <\/span>kavas mehmed<\/a>, <\/span>sofibekirler<\/a>, <\/span>\u00fc\u00e7evler<\/a>, <\/span>\u00fcz\u00fclmezler<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                 \u00dc\u00e7evler\u2019de herkesin yerine n\u00f6bete kalan Anam Hava \u00dcz\u00fclmez\u2019e\u2026 h\u00fcz\u00fcn sar\u0131ncakayan bir y\u0131ld\u0131z gibi d\u00fc\u015fersin akl\u0131ma.ahhh\u2026 \u00fc\u00e7evler\u2026dut a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde kald\u0131 gen\u00e7li\u011fim. \u00dc\u00e7evler; Makam Da\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan bazen \u00e7ok sert, bazen de serin esen r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n dokunu\u015fuyla ok\u015fanan, ya\u015fam\u0131mda ge\u00e7mi\u015fe do\u011fru uzanan biraz puslu, biraz silik, biraz da duru hik\u00e2yelerin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131r; Makam Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ete\u011finde, Goconun Tepesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bah\u00e7eler i\u00e7inde Saray Mahallesi\u2019nin bitim noktas\u0131nda yer al\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fumun, deli dolu gen\u00e7li\u011fimin \u00f6zg\u00fcr fukara mek\u00e2n\u0131yd\u0131. An\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131n hayali g\u00f6zlerimin \u00f6n\u00fcnde. Bahar geldi\u011finde bah\u00e7elerimiz gelinlik gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar gibi s\u00fcslenirdi. \u00c7i\u00e7ek kokular\u0131, ku\u015flar\u0131n c\u0131v\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131, Abdullah dede ve Zeki amcan\u0131n ar\u0131 kovanlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan ar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0131z\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131 her taraf\u0131 sarard\u0131. G\u00f6n\u00fclleri ho\u015f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3403,1064],"tags":[129,4445,4448,4075,5063],"class_list":["post-7655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-plus","category-tarih","tag-ergani","tag-kavas-mehmed","tag-sofibekirler","tag-ucevler-2","tag-uzulmezler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7655"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7655\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8312,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7655\/revisions\/8312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7655"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7655"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}