{"id":6819,"date":"2006-07-01T11:24:00","date_gmt":"2006-07-01T11:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=6819"},"modified":"2023-07-02T11:29:02","modified_gmt":"2023-07-02T11:29:02","slug":"gurultunun-etkileri-ve-avrupa-birligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=6819","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn Etkileri ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Teknolojinin ve end\u00fcstrinin artmas\u0131 ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak insan ve \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden \u00f6nemli kirliliklerden biri de g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcd\u00fcr. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, \u00e7evrenin ho\u015flu\u011funu ve sakinli\u011fini yok ederek niteli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftiren, istemeyen, arzu edilmeyen seslerin atmosfere yay\u0131lmas\u0131; etkilenene bir anlam ifade etmeyen sestir. Ses ise, elastik bir ortamda i\u015fitme duyusunun alg\u0131layabildi\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131n\u0131n ya da de\u011fi\u015fimlerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu duyumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan kula\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f kulak, orta kulak ve i\u00e7 kulak olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Kula\u011fa gelen ses dalgalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f kulak kep\u00e7esi ve kulak kanal\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla kulak zar\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00f6nlendirilir. Ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu havadaki bas\u0131n\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131 kulak zar\u0131n\u0131n titre\u015fimine neden olur. Zar\u0131n titre\u015fimleri orta kulaktaki \u00e7eki\u00e7, \u00f6rs ve \u00f6zengi ad\u0131 verilen \u00fc\u00e7 kemikten olu\u015fan manivela t\u00fcr\u00fcnden mekanik bir d\u00fczenek arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile i\u00e7 kula\u011fa iletilir. Ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n kafatas\u0131ndaki oyuklara yerle\u015fik i\u00e7 kula\u011fa ula\u015fmas\u0131yla da seslerin alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. Kulak ve i\u015fitme sistemi seslerin frekanslar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran bir \u00f6zellik ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zellik i\u00e7 kulaktaki koklea\u2019n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ile ilintilidir. \u0130\u015fitme sistemi bir frekans analiz\u00f6r\u00fc ya da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyicisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve ses ile ilgili geli\u015ftirilen standartlarda ve g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc denetimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kula\u011f\u0131n bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri, \u201cSes Seviyesi \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm Cihazlar\u0131\u201d ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ses \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm birimi dBA\u2019d\u0131r ve Desibel olarak okunur. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmler, 01.07.2005 tarih ve 25862 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131nlanan \u201c\u00c7evresel G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn De\u011ferlendirilmesi ve Y\u00f6netimi Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u201dnde belirlenen standartlara g\u00f6re yap\u0131larak raporland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn kaynaklar\u0131…<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta\u015f\u0131tlar, fabrikalar, yap\u0131m ve y\u0131k\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, maden ve ta\u015f ocaklar\u0131 ve buralarda kullan\u0131lan patlay\u0131c\u0131lar, i\u015fyerlerinde kullan\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli mekanik ara\u00e7lar (motor, buzdolab\u0131, fan gibi\u2026) g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca kaynaklar\u0131d\u0131r. Ek olarak, ses y\u00fckseltici cihazlarla sebze, meyve, t\u00fcp sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131; konvoy halindeki siyasi partilerin se\u00e7im ve propaganda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, sportif faaliyetler sonucu yap\u0131lan konvoy halindeki kutlamalar, asker u\u011furlamalar\u0131, camilerde hoparl\u00f6rden ezan okunmas\u0131; kahve, lokanta, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn salonu gibi yerlerdeki ses y\u00fckseltici cihazlardan yay\u0131lan m\u00fczikler, evlerde ve mahalle aralar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, ni\u015fan gibi t\u00f6renler de g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye neden olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na olumsuz etkileri…<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye fazla maruz kalan ki\u015filerde ge\u00e7ici ve kal\u0131c\u0131 i\u015fitme kayb\u0131 olmakta; uzun s\u00fcre y\u00fcksek dozda g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisinde kalanlar sa\u011f\u0131r olabilmektedir
2. Bulunan ortamda, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisinde kalan ki\u015filer, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fiddet ve s\u00fcresine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak rahats\u0131z, tedirgin ve sinirli olmakta, tedirginlik ve sinirlilik hali g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisi kalkt\u0131ktan sonra da, bu psikolojik rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar devam edebilmektedir.
3. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc stres kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri olup, ani y\u00fckselen g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcler kalp at\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda (nab\u0131zda), solunum h\u0131z\u0131nda, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131nda, metabolizmas\u0131nda, g\u00f6rme keskinli\u011finde de\u011fi\u015fiklere neden olur. Uykusuzluk, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerindendir. Ek olarak, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc migren, \u00fclser, kalp krizi, dola\u015f\u0131m bozukluklar\u0131, kad\u0131nlarda d\u00fczensiz kanama, hamilelerde \u00e7ocuk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmelere neden oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir.
4. \u0130\u015f veriminde azalma, konsantrasyon bozuklu\u011fu, hareketlerin engellenmesi gibi nedenlerden dolay\u0131 performans olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu istenmeyen etkileri azaltmak, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyesini belirli seviyelerde tutmak, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcy\u00fc kayna\u011f\u0131nda azaltmak i\u00e7in ulusal boyutta yasal ve idari d\u00fczenlemelere gidilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn ulusal boyutunun yan\u0131nda bir de uluslararas\u0131 boyutu bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evede yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/strong><\/em>…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda ilk ba\u015fta, 11 Aral\u0131k 1986 tarih ve 19308 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131mlanan G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc Kontrol Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019nin uygulanmas\u0131nda ya\u015fanan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 gidermek, ayn\u0131 zamanda 2002\/49\/EC say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7evresel G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn De\u011ferlendirilmesi ve Y\u00f6netimi hakk\u0131ndaki Avrupa Komisyonu Direktifi\u2019ni T\u00fcrk \u00c7evre Mevzuat\u0131na yans\u0131tmak amac\u0131yla bahse konu y\u00f6netmelik revize edilmi\u015f, \u00c7evresel G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn De\u011ferlendirilmesi ve Y\u00f6netimi (\u00c7GDY) Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi (2002\/49\/EC) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda 01 Temmuz 2005 tarih ve 25862 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu konuda daha yap\u0131lacak \u00e7ok i\u015f var. Bu nedenle, uluslararas\u0131 boyutta g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc konusunda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n irdelenmesi, bize, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131zda \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacakt\u0131r. K\u0131saca;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Ye\u015fil Bildiri:<\/em><\/strong> Avrupa Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan 1993\u2019te haz\u0131rlanan \u201c5. \u00c7evre ve Eylem Program\u0131nda\u201d; 2000 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kirlili\u011finin \u00f6nlenmesi konusunda temel hedefler ortaya konulmu\u015f ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n gelecekteki g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc politikas\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hedefler;
-65 dBA \u00fczerindeki g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcy\u00fc yok etmek,
-Hi\u00e7bir yerde ve zamanda Lmax=85 dBA \u00fczerindeki g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc d\u00fczeyinin a\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak,
-55-65 aras\u0131ndaki gri b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan ya\u015fanan n\u00fcfusun artmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak,
-Sakin olmas\u0131 gereken alanlarda kesinlikle 55 dBA\u2019n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1996 da bu hedeflere uygun olarak, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc azalt\u0131m politikas\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla \u201cYe\u015fil Bildiri\u201d yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130zlenen bu politika sonucu, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc konusunda Avrupa Toplulu\u011funda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) WHO ve OECD \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131:<\/strong><\/em> D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) ve Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi ve Kalk\u0131nma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (OECD) ile birlikte konuya uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde ilgi g\u00f6stermektedirler. \u00c7evre g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc konusunda OECD, \u00fcye \u00fclkeler kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemizin \u00fcye olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n yeteri kadar ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu raporda, al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemlerin etkisi saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rapora g\u00f6re, 1990\u2019larda ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u201cG\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc \u0130le Sava\u015f\u201d\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Avrupa \u00c7evre Ajans\u0131 \u00c7evresel G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc Y\u00f6netiminde Avrupa\u2019da Ge\u00e7erli Olan Metodlar ve Prosed\u00fcrler Envanteri Teknik Raporu (2004)<\/strong><\/em>: Avrupa Birli\u011fi Komisyonu\u2019nca \u00c7evresel G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc Y\u00f6ntemi ve Belirlenmesi konusunda yeni bir y\u00f6nerge haz\u0131rland\u0131. Avrupa \u00c7evre Ajans\u0131 bu y\u00f6nergenin \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc haritalanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan metodlar ve prosed\u00fcrlerin geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. Y\u00f6nergenin \u00f6n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda; b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck alanlar ve \u00f6zellikle ula\u015f\u0131m ve end\u00fcstriyel g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131ndan etkilenen alanlar i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 bir g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc haritalamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fi vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) Avrupa Birli\u011fi Uyum S\u00fcrecinde Yap\u0131lan \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar:<\/strong><\/em> Avrupa Birli\u011fine giri\u015f s\u00fcrecinde, Avrupa Birli\u011fi m\u00fcktesebat\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye \u00c7evre Mevzuat\u0131na yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7evre y\u00f6netiminin ve ilgili standartlar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00fclkemizde yap\u0131lacak mevzuat de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve uygulama programlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlanaca\u011f\u0131 Uyum Stratejisi olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda; \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti \u0130\u00e7in \u00c7evre Alan\u0131nda Entegre Uyumla\u015ft\u0131rma Stratejisi Projesi\u201d kapsam\u0131nda \u201cG\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc Uyumla\u015ft\u0131rma Stratejisi Raporu\u201d haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu Raporda; ulusal programda \u00c7evre ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funda olan 2002\/49\/EC direktifi ile Sanayi ve Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan mevzuat yans\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131k Alanda kullan\u0131lan cihazlardan \u00e7evreye yay\u0131lan g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc emisyonlar\u0131 direktifi 2000\/14\/EC ve Ev Aletlerinden kaynaklanan g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc emisyonlar\u0131 direktifi 886\/549\/EC haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mevcut durum, ilgili kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n rol ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n irdelendi\u011fi raporda, incelenen \u00c7evresel G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc De\u011ferlendirmesi ve Y\u00f6netimi Direktifinin amac\u0131; ula\u015f\u0131m, end\u00fcstri, \u015fantiye, rekreasyon alanlar\u0131, elektronik olarak y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f m\u00fczik yay\u0131nlar\u0131 yapan e\u011flence yerleri, kom\u015fuluk m\u00fcnasebetleri\u2026 gibi belirli kaynaklar taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131lan \u00e7evresel g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye maruz kalman\u0131n etkileriyle belirli \u00f6ncelikler esas\u0131na g\u00f6re m\u00fccadele etmek amac\u0131yla, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131 baz\u0131nda \u00e7evresel g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve titre\u015fim y\u00f6n\u00fcnden tabii olacaklar\u0131 kurallar\u0131 belirlemek ve bu kurallar\u0131n ki\u015filerin huzur ve s\u00fckununu, beden ve ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bozmayacak bir \u00e7evrenin geli\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu amaca y\u00f6nelik olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen eylemler kademeli olarak uygulanacakt\u0131r:
-G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc haritalama yoluyla \u00e7evresel g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye maruz kalman\u0131n belirlenmesi,
-\u00c7evresel g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve etkileri hakk\u0131ndaki kamuoyunun belirlenmesi,
-G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc haritalama sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 esas al\u0131narak; \u00f6zellikle maruz kalma d\u00fczeylerinin insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde zararl\u0131 etkilere yol a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve \u00e7evresel g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kalitesini koruman\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011fu yerlerde g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcy\u00fc \u00f6nleme ve azaltma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden hareket ederek eylem plan\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131,
-\u00c7evresel g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve y\u00f6netilmesi direktifinin uygulanmas\u0131, havzalar, ana yollar, ana demiryollar\u0131, ve b\u00fcy\u00fck hava alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc haritalar\u0131n\u0131n ve eylem planlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve uygulanabilir oldu\u011funda onaylanmas\u0131, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc haritalar\u0131n\u0131n ve eylem planlar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 konusunda yetkili otoritenin belirlenmesi,
-G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc g\u00f6stergelerinin se\u00e7ilmesi,
-G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131,
-G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc haritalar\u0131 ve eylem planlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulacak alanlar\u0131n belirlenmesi ve stratejik g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc haritalar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131,
-Eylem planlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131,
-Haz\u0131rlanan eylem planlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kamu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc alma prosed\u00fcrlerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131,
-Kamuya bilgi sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in prosed\u00fcrlerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131,
-Kom\u015fu \u00dcye \u00dclkelerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7in prosed\u00fcrlerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131,
-Bir bilgi veri taban\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Direktifin direk olmayan amac\u0131 ise; direktifle uyum sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kirlili\u011fin kayna\u011f\u0131nda azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kayda de\u011fer miktarda geli\u015fme sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden, ilgili mevzuat alt\u0131ndaki \u00fcr\u00fcn kontrol\u00fc ve malzeme idaresi hakk\u0131ndaki kurallara uyulmas\u0131 ve dolays\u0131yla sanayi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekmektedir.
***
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Uluslararas\u0131 Standartlar Organizasyonu\u2019nun belirledi\u011fi g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi standartlar\u0131 Avrupa Birli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan benimsendi ve uygulamaya konuldu. AB\u2019ne \u00fcye \u00fclkeler bu standartlar\u0131 baz alarak \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc yasalar\u0131 ile g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn miktar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131lar. Bu yasalar zaman i\u00e7ersinde g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc hakk\u0131nda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmayan insanlar\u0131n bile giderek artan \u015fehirle\u015fme sonucunda g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kavram\u0131n\u0131 daha yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131malar\u0131na ve ilgili yasalar\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi anlamalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
***
Temel kural, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131nda azalt\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kayna\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcnden t\u00fcm \u00e7evre korunmu\u015f olur. \u0130kinci olarak g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn yay\u0131lma alan\u0131nda azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 gelir. Her iki yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n da yarar sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya yeterince etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, ki\u015fisel koruyucular kullan\u0131larak, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc alg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamda azalt\u0131l\u0131r.
***
Bar\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, kalk\u0131nma ve \u00e7evre korunmas\u0131 birbirine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 ve ayr\u0131lmaz konular olup, insanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, g\u00fcvenli, adil ve bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015fanabilir d\u00fcnyada ya\u015famalar\u0131 en temel haklar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Not: <\/strong>Yaz\u0131m\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 boyutunda, Fizik Y. M\u00fch. Zeliha Gemici\u2019nin \u201cAvrupa Birli\u011fi Uyum S\u00fcrecinde G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong>\u201d yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan yararland\u0131m. M.\u00dcz\u00fclmez<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 Temmuz 2006
Yay\u0131m: ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n
ab<\/a>, <\/span>\u00e7evre<\/a>, <\/span>dBA<\/a>, <\/span>d\u00fcnya sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/a>, <\/span>g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc<\/a>, <\/span>g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn etkileri<\/a>, <\/span>g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn kaynaklar\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>ses dalgas\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>uluslararas\u0131 boyutu<\/a>, <\/span>who<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Teknolojinin ve end\u00fcstrinin artmas\u0131 ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak insan ve \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden \u00f6nemli kirliliklerden biri de g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcd\u00fcr. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, \u00e7evrenin ho\u015flu\u011funu ve sakinli\u011fini yok ederek niteli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftiren, istemeyen, arzu edilmeyen seslerin atmosfere yay\u0131lmas\u0131; etkilenene bir anlam ifade etmeyen sestir. Ses ise, elastik bir ortamda i\u015fitme duyusunun alg\u0131layabildi\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131n\u0131n ya da de\u011fi\u015fimlerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu duyumdur. \u0130nsan kula\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f kulak, orta kulak ve i\u00e7 kulak olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Kula\u011fa gelen ses dalgalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f kulak kep\u00e7esi ve kulak kanal\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla kulak zar\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00f6nlendirilir. Ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu havadaki bas\u0131n\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131 kulak zar\u0131n\u0131n titre\u015fimine neden olur. Zar\u0131n titre\u015fimleri orta kulaktaki<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[928],"tags":[751,1498,4096,4101,4102,4098,4103,4100,4099,4097],"class_list":["post-6819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cevre","tag-ab","tag-cevre","tag-dba","tag-dunya-saglik-orgutu","tag-gurultu","tag-gurultunun-etkileri","tag-gurultunun-kaynaklari","tag-ses-dalgasi","tag-uluslararasi-boyutu","tag-who"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6819"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6820,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6819\/revisions\/6820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}