<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eskiden ekmek, dumana bulanan g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131yla, k\u0131zg\u0131n sa\u00e7ta tand\u0131rl\u0131k denilen kimi evlerde, evin i\u00e7inde, kimi evlerde de kozik denilen y\u0131\u011fma ta\u015flardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yerlerde pi\u015firilirdi. \u00c7uvaldan legene, tey\u015fte d\u00f6k\u00fclen un, suya bulan\u0131r, yo\u011frulur, k\u0131vam\u0131na gelir, hamur olur, tahta ile oklava aras\u0131nda bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t inceli\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc, annelerimizin, ablalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ellerinde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ekmek yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde annelerimiz bize kimi zaman \u00f6zel ekmekler yapard\u0131. Ya\u011fl\u0131, susaml\u0131, \u015fekerli oldu\u011fu gibi bazen de ekmekten daha kal\u0131n \u015fekilde pi\u015firilen ve ad\u0131na bazlama denilen ekmek pi\u015firilir ve s\u0131cak s\u0131cak do\u011franarak \u00fczerine ya\u011f d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Evde ekmek yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn \u201chavrick\u201d denilen eritilen sade ya\u011fa do\u011franan bu t\u00fcr kahvalt\u0131l\u0131klar yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Hele \u00fczerine pekmez ya da \u015feker serpildi\u011finde gel keyfim gel, hay\u0131flanmamak elde de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc gibi bolca ekmek f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131 yoktu. Hatta o zamanlar f\u0131r\u0131ndan ekmek almak ay\u0131p say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Mahallemizde f\u0131r\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015fehir f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ekmekler birileri taraf\u0131nda beze sar\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, ya ba\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde ya da el arabas\u0131 ile getirilir, sokaklarda \u201cekmek geldi, nan hat nan\u201d \u015feklinde ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve ihtiyac\u0131 olanlar gider al\u0131rlard\u0131. Ekmek olmasa karn\u0131m\u0131z doymazd\u0131. Yemek yerken konu\u015fmak g\u00fcnah say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in biz susmam\u0131z s\u00f6ylenirdi, sadece tahta ka\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n verdi\u011fi tok ses \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Herkes karn\u0131n\u0131 doyurmaya bakard\u0131. Babam\u0131n son s\u00f6z\u00fc \u201cXwed\u00ea kes\u00ee bi bir\u00e7\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea terbiye neke. Me \u00eero xwar sib\u00ea li Xwed\u00ea.\u201d (Allah kimseyi a\u00e7l\u0131kla terbiye etmesin. Bug\u00fcn yedik yar\u0131n Allah’tan) deyip sofradan kalkard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cEkmek\/ nan, insanlar i\u00e7in en hayati besindir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cEkmek\/ nan, do\u011fan\u0131n insanlara bah\u015fetti\u011fi r\u0131zk\u0131n en g\u00fczelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cEkmek\/ nan, b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumlarda ve inan\u00e7larda m\u00fcbarektir;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
evrensel kutsal de\u011ferdir\u201d diyen M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez’in bu efsane
tarihi belgesi ile bizi y\u0131llar sonras\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cBu\u011fday tarlalar\u0131 orak veya t\u0131rpanla bi\u00e7ildikten sonra topra\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bu\u011fday ba\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131 tek tek toplan\u0131rd\u0131. Buna ba\u015fak yapma denilirdi. \u00d6zellikle maddi durumu iyi olmayan kom\u015fular, \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131 gen\u00e7 demeden gelip ba\u015fak ederlerdi. Bu insanlar\u0131n varl\u0131k veya yokluk ilgili bir olay de\u011fildi. Hele cimrilik hi\u00e7 de\u011fildi. Bu kom\u015fulara de\u011fer verme, onlar\u0131n kendi tarlalar\u0131nda hakk\u0131 oldu\u011funun bilinmesi yan\u0131nda bu\u011fdaya sayg\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130nsanlar\u0131m\u0131z hala yerde, sokakta, kap\u0131 \u00f6nlerinde yerde bir par\u00e7a ekmek g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hemen ekme\u011fi yerden al\u0131p \u00f6p\u00fcp aln\u0131na de\u011fdirip sonra da bir duvar \u00fcst\u00fcne veya m\u00fcsait bir yere b\u0131rak\u0131rlar. Ya\u015fl\u0131lar ekme\u011fin k\u0131ymetini bilmeyenleri g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde; \u201cSizler hi\u00e7 a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekmediniz, k\u0131tl\u0131k g\u00f6rmediniz, ekmeksiz kalmad\u0131n\u0131z. Bu nedenle, b\u00f6yle ekme\u011fin i\u00e7ini \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p sofra bezine at\u0131yorsunuz. Yapmay\u0131n, g\u00fcnaht\u0131r, yaz\u0131kt\u0131r\u201d derlerdi. T\u00fcm bu nasihatler insanlar\u0131n ekme\u011fin k\u0131ymetini bilmesi anlam\u0131ndayd\u0131. Her toplumda ekmek her daim nimetlerin \u015fah\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015f, m\u00fcbarek olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ekmek, kutsald\u0131r. Ekme\u011fe sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k g\u00fcnaht\u0131r, hi\u00e7bir toplum ekme\u011fe sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lamaz: Ekmek \u00e7arpar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Urfal\u0131 Mateos Vakayi-N\u00e2mesi\u2019nde buna ili\u015fkin \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 bir olay\u0131 anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c553 (23 \u015eubat 1104-21 \u015eubat 1105) tarihinde Urfa kontu Baudoin ile Josselin, askerlerini al\u0131p Haran denilen \u015fehrin \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler. Onlar, Antakya\u2019ya haber g\u00f6nderip b\u00fcy\u00fck Frank kontu Boemond\u2019u ve Tancr\u00e8de\u2019yi yard\u0131ma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Onlar, b\u00fct\u00fcn Ermeni askerlerini de al\u0131p muazzam bir ordu te\u015fkil ettiler. Sonra Haran\u2019a gelip bu \u015fehri s\u0131k\u0131 bir muhasara alt\u0131na ald\u0131lar ve \u015fiddetli bir a\u00e7l\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na maruz b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Franklardan (Bizansl\u0131lardan) biri Allah\u2019\u0131n ho\u015funa gitmeyen bir i\u015f yapt\u0131. Bu, bir ekme\u011fi yar\u0131p i\u00e7ine kendi pisli\u011fini koydu ve bunu \u015fehrin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne b\u0131rakt\u0131. A\u00e7l\u0131k fel\u00e2keti i\u00e7inde bulunan halk, ekme\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u00fczerine at\u0131ld\u0131. Onlardan biri, ekme\u011fi yemek i\u00e7in a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakit i\u00e7indeki pisli\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcp tiksindi ve g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp di\u011fer adamlara g\u00f6sterdi. Bunu g\u00f6ren ak\u0131ll\u0131 adamlar: \u2018Allah, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah\u0131 asla affetmeyecektir. O, onlara zafer bah\u015fetmeyecektir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar ekme\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 bu g\u00fcnah\u0131 i\u015flediler. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde b\u00f6yle bir g\u00fcnah g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir\u2019 dediler\u201d diye yazar ve tarihe ahlaki bir not d\u00fc\u015fer.(**)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n Benzer bir olay i\u00e7in \u00c7ermik-\u00c7\u00fcng\u00fc\u015f\u2019teki Gelincik Da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 rivayet edilir. Derler ki, vakti zaman\u0131nda Gelincik Da\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan ge\u00e7en bir gelin alay\u0131nda bir \u00e7ocuk alt\u0131n\u0131 pisletir, annesi densizlik yap\u0131p yufka ekmekle \u00e7ocu\u011fun alt\u0131n\u0131 temizler. Gelin alay\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc bu sebeple t\u00fcmden ta\u015fla\u015f\u0131r. Bu rivayet ta\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcne iyi bir \u00f6rnektir. Gelincik Da\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki mevcut sark\u0131t ve dikitler, var olan dizili kayalar gelin alay\u0131na benzetilmektedir. Nimetlerin \u015fah\u0131 ekme\u011fe, dahas\u0131 kutsal de\u011ferlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket edilmesi durumunda cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir\/ anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu\u011fday\u0131n ilk ekimin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu\u011fdaydan ilk unun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve undan da ilk ekme\u011fin pi\u015firildi\u011fi mek\u00e2nlardan biri de Hilar \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019d\u00fcr\/ Qot\u00e9 ber\u00e7em\u2019dir (Ergani-Diyarbak\u0131r).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nsanlar \u00e7ok \u00f6nceleri sadece avc\u0131l\u0131k ve toplay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 doyurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. S\u00fcrekli hareket halindeydiler. Hep yer de\u011fi\u015ftirirlerdi. G\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015farlard\u0131. Nice uzun deneyimlerinin bir sonucu olarak ya da bunun etkisiyle hayvanlar\u0131 ehl\u00eele\u015ftirmeyi\/ evcille\u015ftirmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Tar\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendiler. Bunlar\u0131 yaparken ayn\u0131 zamanda yerle\u015fik d\u00fczene ge\u00e7tiler: K\u00f6yler, kentler kurulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Yerle\u015fik d\u00fczene ge\u00e7me ve tar\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecinde ilk yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fey bu\u011fday, arpa, dar\u0131, m\u0131s\u0131r gibi tah\u0131llar\u0131 ekme ve bi\u00e7me i\u015fine giri\u015fmi\u015f olmalard\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, insano\u011flunu d\u00fcnya tarihinde en \u00f6nemli besin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacak olan ekme\u011fin icad\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu icat sayesinde insanlar art\u0131k eskiye oranla hem daha rahat beslendi, hem de daha \u00e7ok kar\u0131nlar\u0131 doydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eimdi geli\u015fen teknoloji sayesinde bu\u011fday art\u0131k tarlada makineler taraf\u0131ndan ekilip bi\u00e7iliyor, fabrika ve de\u011firmenlerde bu\u011fday un haline getiriliyor ve un, f\u0131r\u0131n ve fabrikalarda \u00e7e\u015fit \u00e7e\u015fit ekmek olarak pi\u015firilip bakkallarda, ekmek bayilerinde, marketlerde sat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f6nem de\u011fi\u015fti. Sanayi toplumuna ge\u00e7i\u015f ve toplumsal geli\u015fmenin bir sonucu olarak ekmek d\u00e2hil her \u015fey ticar\u00ee bir nitelik kazand\u0131. Ama bence \u201cemek ve ekmek\u201d ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere baz\u0131 de\u011ferleri korumakta yarar var. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc nitelikli de\u011ferler yok oldu\u011funda, olu\u015fan bo\u015flu\u011fu niteliksiz de\u011ferler doldurur. Bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla ekmek fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ilgili g\u00f6rsel ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 bas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 izleyince biraz tarih, biraz da an\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131 anlatarak ekme\u011fin ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131zda ne kadar \u00f6nemli bir yeri oldu\u011funu vurgulamak istedim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ekmek her \u015feydir. Ekmek yoksa ne \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, ne sayg\u0131nl\u0131k ve ne de onur olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Emek ve ekmek kavgas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve onur kavgas\u0131 oldu\u011funu unutmayal\u0131m!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n (*) M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez, www.uzulmez.info\/muslum Misbah Hicri, Efsaneler ve Ger\u00e7ekler<\/strong>, Kent I\u015f\u0131klar\u0131, 2013, \u0130stanbul, s.41-44.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n Eskiden ekmek, dumana bulanan g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131yla, k\u0131zg\u0131n sa\u00e7ta tand\u0131rl\u0131k denilen kimi evlerde, evin i\u00e7inde, kimi evlerde de kozik denilen y\u0131\u011fma ta\u015flardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yerlerde pi\u015firilirdi. \u00c7uvaldan legene, tey\u015fte d\u00f6k\u00fclen un, suya bulan\u0131r, yo\u011frulur, k\u0131vam\u0131na gelir, hamur olur, tahta ile oklava aras\u0131nda bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t inceli\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc, annelerimizin, ablalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ellerinde. Ekmek yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde annelerimiz bize kimi zaman \u00f6zel ekmekler yapard\u0131. Ya\u011fl\u0131, susaml\u0131, \u015fekerli oldu\u011fu gibi bazen de ekmekten daha kal\u0131n \u015fekilde pi\u015firilen ve ad\u0131na bazlama denilen ekmek pi\u015firilir ve s\u0131cak s\u0131cak do\u011franarak \u00fczerine ya\u011f d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Evde ekmek yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn \u201chavrick\u201d denilen eritilen sade ya\u011fa do\u011franan bu t\u00fcr kahvalt\u0131l\u0131klar yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Hele \u00fczerine pekmez ya da<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1321],"tags":[408,2809,2099,403,2808,4711,4712,4713],"class_list":["post-6555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-basinda","tag-efsaneler-ve-gercekler","tag-ekmek","tag-gelincik-dagi","tag-misbah-hicri","tag-nan","tag-nimetlerin-sahi","tag-urfali-mateos","tag-vakayi-name"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6555"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6746,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6555\/revisions\/6746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Bu\u011fday, arpa, dar\u0131 ve m\u0131s\u0131r\u0131n ekilip-bi\u00e7ilmesi ve k\u00f6ylerin kurulmas\u0131yla ikinci bir a\u015famaya ge\u00e7ildi. Tah\u0131llar\u0131n saklanmas\u0131, el de\u011firmenleriyle \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclerek un haline getirilmesi, una su ve maya katarak hamur yap\u0131lmas\u0131, hamurun ate\u015fte\/ ocakta pi\u015firilmesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(**)Urfal\u0131 Mateos, Vakayi-N\u00e2me, s.223.<\/p>\n\n\n\n