{"id":6263,"date":"2008-04-18T18:21:00","date_gmt":"2008-04-18T18:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=6263"},"modified":"2023-06-23T18:27:51","modified_gmt":"2023-06-23T18:27:51","slug":"dogu-bati-farki-ve-yasalarin-gucsuzlugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=6263","title":{"rendered":"Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 Fark\u0131 ve Yasalar\u0131n G\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

“Evrensel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerle de\u011ferlendirme yapmayanlar\u0131n konu\u015fmalar\u0131 sinek v\u0131z\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131na benzer.”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131, rekabet ve kontrole; Do\u011fu, geleneksel olarak i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve g\u00fcvene dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa’da bilgi birikimi ve \u00fcr\u00fcn art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak 15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra insanlar birey olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bat\u0131, bilgi birikimi ve \u00fcr\u00fcn at\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Kartezyen Sistemi sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar i\u00e7inde artan bilgi, beceri, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve \u00fcr\u00fcn art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonucu, “\u0130nsan de\u011ferlidir” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131 ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. \u0130nsanlar, kendilerine, ailelerine, yak\u0131nlar\u0131na ve giderek hemcinslerine ve devletine \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc de\u011fer vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7ta: Bireyle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131’da genelde her birey kendisiyle ayn\u0131 konum veya i\u015flere sahiptir, birey olarak bir kimlikleri vard\u0131r. Do\u011fu’da ise, genel olarak davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ili\u015fkilerin nitelik ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ve kurallar belirliyor. Yani Bat\u0131’da bireyler, Do\u011fu’da cemaat (\u00e7o\u011fu yerde s\u00fcr\u00fc) vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle, Do\u011fu’daki toplumlarda \u00f6rf, gelenek ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar egemendir: “Yasalar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc”, “Evrensel insan haklar\u0131”, “Su\u00e7un ve g\u00fcnah\u0131n ferdili\u011fi ilkesi” gibi evrensel kavramlar Do\u011fuluya yabanc\u0131d\u0131r. Ve evrensel kavramlara yabanc\u0131 olanlar insan\u00ee de\u011ferlere de yabanc\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna en g\u00fczel u\u00e7 \u00f6rne\u011fi \u00c7inli sosyolog Fei Ziaotonng’un 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 From The Soil (Topraktan) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n Giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs’\u00fcn “Be\u015f \u0130nsan \u0130li\u015fkisi Efsanesi”nde verdi\u011fi \u00f6rnektir. Bu \u00f6rnekte; “\u00c7eng Han-\u00c7eng’in kar\u0131s\u0131 kay\u0131nvalidesini d\u00f6vecek kadar k\u00fcstaht\u0131. Bu o kadar \u00e7irkin bir su\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc ki, kendisine \u015fu cezan\u0131n verilmesine karar verildi. Annenin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00c7eng ve kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n canl\u0131 canl\u0131 derileri y\u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc. Sonra derileri \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fehir kap\u0131lar\u0131nda as\u0131larak sergilendi ve kemikleri yak\u0131larak k\u00fcl edildi. \u00c7eng’in yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n en ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131 olan b\u00fcy\u00fckamcan\u0131n kafas\u0131 kesildi; amcas\u0131, iki karde\u015fi ve \u00c7eng kabilesinin ba\u015f\u0131 as\u0131ld\u0131lar. Kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n annesinin y\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00f6vmeyle, k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimini ihmal etmi\u015ftir, diye yaz\u0131larak yedi eyalette gezdirildi. Babas\u0131na 80 sopa vuruldu ve 3000 li uzakl\u0131kta bir yere s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi. \u00c7eng’in evinin sa\u011f\u0131ndaki ve solundaki evlerde ya\u015fayan ailelerin reislerine 80 sopa vuruldu ve Heilongjiang’e s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildiler. Kentin e\u011fitim sorumlusuna 60 sopa vuruldu ve 1000 li uzakl\u0131ktaki bir yere s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi. \u00c7eng’in dokuzayl\u0131k o\u011fluna yeni bir ad tak\u0131ld\u0131 ve bir kent yetkilisinin vesayetine verildi. \u00c7eng’in topra\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn zamanlar i\u00e7in nadasa b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar ta\u015f bir silindir \u00fczerine yaz\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan kopyalar b\u00fct\u00fcn imparatorlu\u011fa da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131”\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fei, Do\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00f6zetle; “\u00d6zel ve kamusal alanlar aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00f6recelidir, hatta mu\u011fl\u00e2k bile diyebiliriz” diye yazar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizler daha ileri gidip, Do\u011fu’da \u00f6zel ve kamusal alanda s\u0131n\u0131r bile yoktur diyebiliriz. Bat\u0131’da hatal\u0131 bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n utanc\u0131n\u0131 sadece utanc\u0131 yapan ta\u015f\u0131r, ba\u015fkas\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maz. Su\u00e7un, hatan\u0131n ferdili\u011fi esast\u0131r, oysa Do\u011fu’da durum tam tersidir. \u00c7in’den verilen \u00f6rnekte de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi biri kay\u0131nvalidesine sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; bu annenin, baban\u0131n yeti\u015ftirme tarz\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin ve ebeveynlerin kendisini nas\u0131l e\u011fitti\u011fini yans\u0131t\u0131r: Herkes herkesten sorumludur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Do\u011fulu toplum b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hane, geni\u015f aile, a\u015firet, k\u00f6y\/kasaba, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma toplulu\u011fu vb. i\u00e7indeki ba\u011flant\u0131lar ili\u015fkisinin egemen oldu\u011fu bir toplumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oysa Bat\u0131 toplumunda t\u00fcm ili\u015fkiler s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r: Evlilik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, sendika s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, hasta-hastane s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, kredi\/banka s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, elektrik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, su s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, telefon s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi vs. Tabi en \u00f6nemlisi Bat\u0131’da bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin yasalara dayan\u0131r olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcre ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 yaslara ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131maz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fu toplumlar\u0131nda ise, yasalar ya yoktur ya da var olan yasalar i\u015flemez. Do\u011fu’da bir insan \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrden ili\u015fkilere sahiptir. Ebeveynle, \u00e7ocuklarla, geni\u015f \u00e7evreyle, kom\u015fuyla; idari \u015feflerin, beylerin, a\u011falar\u0131n, pa\u015falar\u0131n, pirlerin, \u015feyhlerin her biriyle farkl\u0131 bir ili\u015fki tarz\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Her biri kendi ba\u011flam\u0131nda uygulanan bu \u00e7ok say\u0131daki farkl\u0131 ili\u015fki Do\u011fulu bireylerin kimliklerini olu\u015fturur; evrensel ahlak kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re olu\u015fmu\u015f Bat\u0131l\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131maz! Do\u011fu’da birey toplumun, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bat\u0131’da ise, toplum, b\u00fct\u00fcn par\u00e7alardan olu\u015fur ve her bir par\u00e7a\/birey \u00f6tekiyle en az\u0131ndan kamusal a\u00e7\u0131dan e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemizde ve genel olarak Do\u011fu’da kamusal e\u015fitlik s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Evrensel yasalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olmamas\u0131 ve evrensel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerle de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in; g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan, borusu \u00f6ten\/sesi en g\u00fcr \u00e7\u0131kan veya en \u00e7ok yaygara yapanlar \u00f6n\u00fcne geleni en a\u011f\u0131r ithamlarla su\u00e7layabilmektedir. Kim hakl\u0131, kim haks\u0131z sorusunda hep “g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hakl\u0131d\u0131r” veya “day\u0131s\u0131 olan hakl\u0131d\u0131r” uygulanmas\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131r. Sokaktaki adam\u0131 ve medyay\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rakal\u0131m, en sorumlu ki\u015filer\/kurumlar dahi uygun olmayan a\u00e7\u0131klama veya eylemi yapabilmektedir. “S\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi harek\u00e2t”la ilgili yap\u0131lan “de\u011ferlendirmelere” k\u0131zan Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ya\u015far B\u00fcy\u00fckan\u0131t’\u0131n CHP ve MHP’yi “hain”likle su\u00e7lamas\u0131; Yarg\u0131tay Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n “AKP’ye Kapatma Davas\u0131” a\u00e7mas\u0131 bu duruma en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***
“\u00dclkelerde binlerce yasa; buna kar\u015f\u0131n, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fumlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fck vard\u0131r.
A -Yasalara uygun davrananlara, “Vatanda\u015f”;
B -Yasalara kar\u015f\u0131 gelenlere, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 eylemleri ile orant\u0131l\u0131, “H\u0131rs\u0131z, hain, cani, katil, soyguncu, e\u015fk\u0131ya, gerilla, anar\u015fist\u2026” tan\u0131mlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
Evrensel insani yasalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde, hi\u00e7bir vatanda\u015f, yarg\u0131\u00e7 karar\u0131 olmadan, “h\u0131rs\u0131z, hain, katil, soyguncu, e\u015fk\u0131ya, anar\u015fist, gerilla\u2026” diye adland\u0131r\u0131lamaz.
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, evrensel insani yasalar gere\u011fi, bir \u00fclkede su\u00e7lulara yap\u0131lan tan\u0131mlar, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor.
1 -Evrensel insani yasalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda evrensel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerle yap\u0131lan tan\u0131mlar vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, uyu\u015fturucu tacirleri a\u00e7\u0131k-se\u00e7ik tan\u0131mlan\u0131r ve \u00fclkelerdeki ilgili polis birimlerine iletilir.
2 -Basit \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerle yerel y\u00f6neticilerin, doktrin taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlar\u0131 olur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, “vatan haini, b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fc, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131, ter\u00f6rist\u2026” su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 olur. \u0130nsani yasalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde, delilsiz su\u00e7lamalar reddedilir. Ni\u00e7in?
-Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerde evrensel yasalar doktrinlerin de\u011fil, doktrinler evrensel yasalar\u0131n egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.
-Doktrinlerin egemen oldu\u011fu toplumlarda, yasalar doktrinlerin hizmetindedir. Bu durumda zanl\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi iddia edilen su\u00e7 ile verilmek istenen ceza uygunsuz olur ve bulan\u0131kl\u0131k olu\u015fur. E\u011fer zanl\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerde yarg\u0131lan\u0131yorsa yasalar zanl\u0131n\u0131n lehine kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Geri toplum y\u00f6neticileri, “Bat\u0131l\u0131lar su\u00e7lular\u0131 koruyor!” diye s\u00f6ze ba\u015flar. (Nurettin De\u011firmenci, “Hain ve \u0130hanet” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131.-05.03.2008)
***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soruyorum: Evrensel insani yasalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclkede mi, yoksa her \u015feyin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcn\u00fcn iki duda\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclkede mi ya\u015famak daha iyi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne dersiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18 Nisan 2008 tarihlinde Ergani Haber gazetesinde,
19 Nisan 2008’de http:\/\/www.sivildusunce.com sitesinde yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

do\u011fu-bat\u0131 fark\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>evrensel insani yasalar<\/a>, <\/span>fei ziaotonng<\/a>, <\/span>from the soil (topraktan)<\/a>, <\/span>yasalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Evrensel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerle de\u011ferlendirme yapmayanlar\u0131n konu\u015fmalar\u0131 sinek v\u0131z\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131na benzer.” Bat\u0131, rekabet ve kontrole; Do\u011fu, geleneksel olarak i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve g\u00fcvene dayan\u0131r. Avrupa’da bilgi birikimi ve \u00fcr\u00fcn art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak 15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra insanlar birey olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bat\u0131, bilgi birikimi ve \u00fcr\u00fcn at\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Kartezyen Sistemi sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar i\u00e7inde artan bilgi, beceri, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve \u00fcr\u00fcn art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonucu, “\u0130nsan de\u011ferlidir” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131 ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. \u0130nsanlar, kendilerine, ailelerine, yak\u0131nlar\u0131na ve giderek hemcinslerine ve devletine \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc de\u011fer vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7ta: Bireyle\u015fti. Bat\u0131’da genelde her birey kendisiyle ayn\u0131 konum veya i\u015flere sahiptir, birey olarak bir kimlikleri vard\u0131r. Do\u011fu’da ise, genel olarak davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ili\u015fkilerin nitelik<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1197],"tags":[4338,4339,4335,4336,4337],"class_list":["post-6263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kultur","tag-dogu-bati-farki","tag-evrensel-insani-yasalar","tag-fei-ziaotonng","tag-from-the-soil-topraktan","tag-yasalarin-gucsuzlugu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6263"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6264,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6263\/revisions\/6264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}