\u00c7ermik \u00e7ok eski, tarihi bir yerle\u015fim yeridir. Bir\u00e7ok uygarl\u0131k \u00c7ermik’te h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr: Huriler, Mittanniler, Asurlular, Urartular, \u0130skitler, Medler, Persler, Makedonlar, Selevkoslar, Partlar, Ermeniler, Romal\u0131lar, Bizansl\u0131lar, Araplar, Emev\u00eeler, Abbasiler, \u015eeyh-O\u011fullar\u0131, Hamdan\u00eeler, Merv\u00e2n\u00eeler, Sel\u00e7uklular, \u0130nano\u011fullar\u0131, Nisano\u011fullar\u0131, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131, Artuklular, Osmanl\u0131lar belli d\u00f6nemlerde s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u00c7ermik’e egemen olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1515 y\u0131l\u0131nda Diy\u00e2rbekir’in Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla; \u00c7ermik, Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti’ne ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131 (Livas\u0131) ad\u0131yla idari yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhuriyetten sonra, 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1924 Anayasas\u0131’na dayan\u0131larak 1926 tarih ve 877 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla sancaklar kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Vilayet, kaza, nahiye, kasaba, k\u00f6y \u015feklinde yeni idari d\u00fczenlemeler getirildi. Bu yasaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131 da kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131; il\u00e7e olarak Diyarbak\u0131r’a ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ermik’le ilgili \u00e7ok say\u0131da belgenin var oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Bu belgeleri bulup ortaya \u00e7\u0131kararak politika \u00fcretecek olanlara, ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapacak olanlara, \u00c7ermik’in tarihine ilgi duyanlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olman\u0131n bir g\u00f6rev olarak \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde durdu\u011funa inan\u0131yorum. Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi ve \u00f6ncesine ait ne kadar \u00e7ok bilgi ve belgeyi g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131rsak, tarih\u00ee zenginli\u011fimizin o kadar artaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ben, bu anlay\u0131\u015fla, yar\u0131 bir \u00c7ermikli olarak (annem \u00c7ermiklidir) elime ge\u00e7en Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fiv Belgelerinden olan Kanunn\u00e2melerde yer alan \u00c7ermikle ilgili bilgilerin derli toplu bir arada okuyucular\u0131n bilgisine sunman\u0131n yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131<\/em><\/strong> Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne ba\u011fl\u0131 sancaklar 3 gruba ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r: \u00c7ermik, 922\/1516 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devletine kat\u0131l\u0131p iltih\u00e2k etmi\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihinden itibaren de Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti’ne ba\u011fl\u0131 sancaklar aras\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131, yurt ve ocak t\u00fcr\u00fcnde Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti’ne ba\u011fl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z sancaklardand\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr sancaklar Klasik Osmanl\u0131 Sancaklar\u0131 ile H\u00fck\u00fcmet ad\u0131 verilen tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z K\u00fcrt Sancaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterirler. Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti’ne ba\u011fl\u0131 bu t\u00fcrde 13 adet sancak bulunmaktad\u0131r: \u00c7ermik, Pertek, Kulp, Siirt ve Atak gibi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu sancaklar, fetih esnas\u0131nda baz\u0131 beylere hizmet ve itaatleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve de yap\u0131lan pazarl\u0131klar sonucu devaml\u0131 olarak sancak ve has \u015feklinde olmak \u00fczere olu\u015fturulan sancaklard\u0131r. Bu sancaklar Klasik Osmanl\u0131 Sancaklar\u0131’ndan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar imtiyazl\u0131 sancaklard\u0131r. Sancaklar\u0131n idaresi genellikle b\u00f6lgeye eskiden beri h\u00e2kim olagelen n\u00fcfuzlu, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc eski yerel beyler veya h\u00e2nedanlara verilmi\u015ftir. Ya\u015fam boyu sancak beyi olan bu idareciler \u00f6l\u00fcmleri durumunda ancak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmektedir. Bu sancaklar, sava\u015f ve seferlerde Beylerbeyinin hizmetine girmek zorundad\u0131rlar. Arazileri, t\u0131mar nizam\u0131na tabi’dir. Kad\u0131lar\u0131, Saray taraf\u0131ndan atan\u0131r. Veliyy\u00fbddin Efendi, 1969 nolu kaza listesinde; \u00c7ermik Kazas\u0131, \u00c7\u00fcng\u00fc\u015f, His\u00e2r\u00e2n (Hasaran) ve Ebu T\u00e2hir nahiyelerinin birlikte \u00c7ermik Kad\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etti\u011fini belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ilk Sancak Bey’i Ali Be\u011f’dir; \u00c7ermik’in fethinde \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu g\u00f6rev kendisine ikram olarak verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131, \u00c7\u00fcng\u00fc\u015f’e 20 km. uzakl\u0131kta bulunmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, 1518 tarihli tahrirde (yaz\u0131mda), \u00c7\u00fcng\u00fc\u015f, \u00c7ermik’e de\u011fil, klasik t\u00fcrde bir sancak olan Ergani Sanca\u011f\u0131’na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ermik’in k\u0131smen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z h\u00fck\u00fcmet t\u00fcr\u00fcnde bir sancak olu\u015fundan dolay\u0131 politik davran\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00c7\u00fcng\u00fc\u015f, \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131’na ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kanunn\u00e2meler<\/strong><\/em> \u0130lk zamanlarda emir ve fermanlar \u00e7\u0131karmak suretiyle mahalline g\u00f6nderilen buyruklar Fatih zaman\u0131nda Kanunname-i Al-i Osman ad\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yavuz Sultan Selim ve Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman zaman\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan kanunnameler de, Fatih Kanunnamesi gibi, \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden meydana gelmektedir. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, ceza kanunlar\u0131 geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ve sistematik bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm sipahilerin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini ve sipahilerle ilgili kanunlara yer verilmi\u015f, sipahilerin reaya \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131yla onlardan alacaklar\u0131 vergiler, has ve t\u0131mar arazilerinden al\u0131nan ba\u00e7lar, yayalarla m\u00fcsellemlere ili\u015fkin kanunlar da bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise, reayan\u0131n hak ve g\u00f6revleriyle, topraklar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair h\u00fck\u00fcmler ve askerlik vazifesi yapan reayan\u0131n \u00f6zel kanunlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kanunn\u00e2meler \u00d6ncesi K\u00fcrdistan ve \u00c7ermik’te Siyasi Durum<\/strong><\/em> Safevi (\u0130ran) ve Osmanl\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015flarda, K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131 sava\u015fan devletlerin etki alan\u0131nda olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. “Tampon b\u00f6lge” olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, b\u00f6lge, hem Safeviler taraf\u0131ndan, hem Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan zaman zaman zoraki bo\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; d\u00fc\u015fman taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7ecek ganimet ve lojistik destek verecek b\u00fct\u00fcn unsurlar imha edilmi\u015ftir. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak sava\u015f alan\u0131 i\u00e7ersinde bulunan \u015fehirler, kasabalar, k\u00f6yler tahrip edilmi\u015f, tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 ve hayvanlar ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015f, yerle\u015fik \u00e7ift\u00e7iler ordular\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde ka\u00e7maya zorlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. En b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131m ise, 1514’te \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131’nda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1514’teki \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan 1639 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan Kasr-\u0131 \u015eirin Anla\u015fmas\u0131’na kadar, Safevi ve Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Kuzey ve Bat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan’da feci sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furan yakma, y\u0131kma ve g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirme politikalar\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Anla\u015fma sonras\u0131 ise, her iki tarafta bu b\u00f6lgeye g\u00fcvensiz bir b\u00f6lge g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir yat\u0131r\u0131m ve sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131 iyile\u015ftirici yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yapmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7 politikas\u0131 uygulanarak, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 yok edilerek, k\u00f6yler bo\u015falt\u0131larak belli bir b\u00f6lgeyi d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n askeri ge\u00e7i\u015fi i\u00e7in tamamen elveri\u015fsiz hale getirip “yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f toprak hatt\u0131” politikas\u0131 olu\u015fturmak ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu durum b\u00f6lgenin fiziksel ve ekonomik y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Mehrdad R. Izady, Bir El Kitab\u0131 K\u00dcRTLER adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda bu konuyla ilgili \u015funlar\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131r: “K\u00fcrdistan’da ve Kafkasya’da Osmanl\u0131larla aralar\u0131nda bulunan s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfusun g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmesi Safeviler i\u00e7in stratejik bir \u00f6neme sahipti. Onlar muhtemelen bunu \u0130mparatorluk i\u00e7in bir \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m meselesi olarak de\u011ferlendiriyordu. Y\u00fcz binlerce K\u00fcrt, onlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kalabal\u0131k Ermeni, Azeri, ve T\u00fcrkmen gruplar\u0131 zorla s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerinden g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilerek Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun i\u00e7 kesimlerinde isk\u00e2n edilmi\u015flerdi. S\u0131n\u0131rlar giderek do\u011fuya kayd\u0131k\u00e7a, Osmanl\u0131lar Pers b\u00f6lgelerinin giderek daha derinlerine girdik\u00e7e, Anadolu’daki t\u00fcm K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgeleri \u015fu veya bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde korkun\u00e7 talan ve g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirme olaylar\u0131na sahne oluyordu.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Safevi y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Safevi saray tarih\u00e7ilerinin eserlerine bak\u0131larak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Osmanl\u0131lar Safevi Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile olan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda galip gelmelerine ra\u011fmen, hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde b\u00f6ylesi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 eylemlerden uzak de\u011fillerdi. Onlar\u0131n dayatt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirmeler, Safeviler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lanlar kadar kitlesel olmamakla beraber, \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ald\u0131ran sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Bat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan hemen sonra, Sultan I. Selim (ac\u0131mas\u0131z) birka\u00e7 kalabal\u0131k K\u00fcrt a\u015firetini g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirerek, i\u00e7 Anadolu’ya, modern Ankara’n\u0131n g\u00fcneyine s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Bu olaylar b\u00f6lgenin tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 ekonomisini \u00e7\u00f6kertti ve etrafa yay\u0131larak topraktan yoksun bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fcren tek grup olarak Kurmanclar geriye kald\u0131.” (M. R. Izady, Bir El Kitab\u0131 K\u00dcRTLER , Doz Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2004, s.202-203.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i ise, Devletleraras\u0131 S\u00f6m\u00fcrge K\u00fcrdistan adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda: “K\u00fcrdistan’\u0131n Bat\u0131’dan Do\u011fu’ya, Do\u011fu’dan Bat\u0131’ya yap\u0131lan istilalarda \u00f6nemli ge\u00e7i\u015f yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunmas\u0131, derlenip toparlanma ve merkezile\u015fme e\u011filimlerini de yok ediyordu. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Arap istilas\u0131, 11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda O\u011fuz T\u00fcrklerinin istilas\u0131, 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Timur istilas\u0131, K\u00fcrdistan’daki ekonomik, toplumsal ve siyasal yap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok yak\u0131ndan etkiliyordu. 1514’te Yavuz Sultan Selim’in \u00c7ald\u0131ran Seferi’nin esas amac\u0131, K\u00fcrdistan idi. Bundan sonraki, Osmanl\u0131-\u0130ran sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n trajik bir y\u00f6n\u00fc de var. Bir kere bu sava\u015flar, hep K\u00fcrdistan’da yani K\u00fcrtlerin \u00fclkesinde yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Her ikisi de K\u00fcrtlerden dev\u015firdi\u011fi ordularla sava\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar K\u00fcrt toplumunun yap\u0131s\u0131nda ku\u015fkusuz \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor” diyerek, konuya daha geni\u015f ele al\u0131p politik a\u00e7\u0131dan “b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin ve payla\u015f\u0131lman\u0131n maddi temelleriyle ilgili baz\u0131 varsay\u0131mlar geli\u015ftirmeye” \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i, Devletleraras\u0131 S\u00f6m\u00fcrge, Yurt Kitap-Yay\u0131n, \u015eubat 1990, s.222.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu durum, b\u00f6lgede asayi\u015fsizli\u011fi, zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131, r\u00fc\u015fveti beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Diy\u00e2rbekir ile Erzurum aras\u0131nda yaylak-k\u0131\u015flak hayat\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren a\u015firetler, yerel idarecilerin (siz zorba diye okuyun) insaf\u0131na kalm\u0131\u015f: A\u015firetler yayla\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karken veya k\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6nerken her vesile ile yerel idareciler vergi\/hara\u00e7 \u00f6deme zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. “Selaml\u0131k” ad\u0131 ile; Mu\u015f Eminleri yedi evden bir kuzu, her haneden bir adet yapa\u011f\u0131, bir ba\u015f peynir; Mardin Suba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 her haneden bir ba\u015f peynir, her obadan bir kuzu, Ergani Beyi her obadan bir kuzu, her haneden bir ba\u015f peynir ve bir yapa\u011f\u0131 almakta idi. Yaylalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde de yine sancak beylerinin keyfi uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re; yaylak resmi ad\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcz koyundan bir koyun, ge\u00e7it resmi ad\u0131yla yapa\u011f\u0131, peynir veya kuzu, “Resm-i G\u00fbde” ad\u0131yla yapa\u011f\u0131 ve peynir al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u015firetler, yaylak d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde e\u011fer Palu’dan ge\u00e7iyorlarsa bu defa Palu Beyi “yayla\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karken ba\u015fka topraklardan ge\u00e7tiniz” diyerek, her s\u00fcr\u00fcden bir koyun ve bir kuzu, her haneden bir koyun yapa\u011f\u0131 ve bir ba\u015f peynir almakta idi. (Dr. Tufan G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, Anadolu’da T\u00fcrkmen A\u015firetleri “Bozulus T\u00fcrkmenleri 1540-1640”, Bilge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, s.126.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Osmanl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye egemen olunca, bu durum k\u0131smen yine devam etmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanunn\u00e2melerle vergilerle a\u011f\u0131r bir d\u00fczenleme getirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan bu yasalarla toprakta yeti\u015fen ottan, k\u00fcmesteki tavuktan bile vergi al\u0131nmas\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc Ahmet Emin hakl\u0131 olarak: “Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu h\u00e2kimiyetleri alt\u0131ndaki kavimleri adil bir siyasetle idare etmediler. Sava\u015fta kahraman ancak idarede adil de\u011fillerdi” demektedir. (Ahmet Emin, Z\u00fcam\u00e2\u00fcl-Islah fi’l-Asri’l-Had\u00ees, Daru’l-Arab\u00ee, Beyrut, s.5-6. Aktaran: Abdulhadi Timurta\u015f, \u00c7\u0131\u011f\u0131r A\u00e7an \u015eark Alimleri, Kent Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, s.66)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yavuz D\u00f6nemi \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131 Kanunn\u00e2mesi<\/strong><\/em> Bu Kanunn\u00e2meyi oldu\u011fu gibi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya al\u0131yorum (Parantez i\u00e7indeki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar bana aittir):<\/p>\n\n\n\n Defter-\u0130 Yasah\u00e2-\u0130 Liv\u00e2-\u0130 \u00c7ermik Tefs\u00eel-\u0130 Kanunn\u00e2me-\u0130 Liv\u00e2-\u0130 \u00c7ermik Ber M\u00fbceb-\u0130 Kanun-\u0130 Hasan Padi\u015f\u00e2h<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.Evvela re’y\u00e2y\u00e2 k\u0131sm\u0131ndan anlar kim m\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r, bir \u00e7iftlik zem\u00eeni olup ve hem zir\u00e2’atine k\u00e2rdir ola, her \u00e7ift ba\u015f\u0131na resm-i \u00e7ift diy\u00fc be\u015f tenge (Hasanbegi ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan sikke) al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f ki, on Osman ak\u00e7esi olur. Al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n mevsimi dahi ev\u00e2il-i Marta’d\u0131r, evvel-i bahar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve resm-i \u015f\u0131hneg\u00ee dey\u00fc harman \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda her \u00e7ift ba\u015f\u0131na birer kile gale dahi al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f ki, n\u00eem \u0130stanbul kilesi olur (1 \u00c7ermik Kilesi=Yar\u0131m \u0130stanbul kilesidir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2.Ve zir\u00e2’atlerinden yedide bir al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve ba\u011flar\u0131ndan her y\u00fcz devekten bir tenge ile bir sepet \u00fcz\u00fcm al\u0131rlar imi\u015f ki, tengeleri iki Osman\u00ee ak\u00e7e olur. An\u0131n dahi al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n mevsimi \u00fcz\u00fcm vaktindedir. (1 \u00c7ermik tengesi=2 Osmanl\u0131 ak\u00e7esidir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve baz\u0131 \u00e2b-d\u00e2r zem\u00eenlerinden (sulak araziden) iki, bostan ve penbe zir\u00e2’at olunur imi\u015f, \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr \u00fczre al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3.Ve her h\u00e2neden \u00fc\u00e7er g\u00fcn irg\u00e2diyye dahi al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f. Her g\u00fcn\u00fc birer tenge ki, iki Osman ak\u00e7esi olur. An\u0131n dahi al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n mevsimi n\u0131sf\u0131 evvel-i bahar ekin vaktinde ve n\u0131sf\u0131 dahi orak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.Ve ger\u00fc her h\u00e2neden iki part otluk dahi al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f ki, altm\u0131\u015f burma. Her part\u0131 iki Osman ak\u00e7esinden d\u00f6rt ak\u00e7e olur, bunun dahi al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n mevsimi \u00e7ay\u0131r bi\u00e7imi vaktinde, ol vakit alalar. (\u00c7ermik’te 1 part 60 burmad\u0131r)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5.Ve ger\u00fc her h\u00e2neden iki\u015fer y\u00fck odun dahi al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f ki, her y\u00fck\u00fc iki\u015fer Osman ak\u00e7esinden d\u00f6rt ak\u00e7e olur. Bunun dahi al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n mevsimi son g\u00fcz ay\u0131n\u0131n \u00e2h\u0131r\u0131nda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6.Ve kefere t\u00e2ifesinin (gayrim\u00fcslimlerin) dahi zir\u00e2’atlerinden hums (herhangi bir \u015fekilde elde edilen mal\u0131n hayra harcamak \u00fczere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f be\u015fte birlik k\u0131sm\u0131) \u00fczere al\u0131n\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Ve ab-d\u00e2r olan zeminlerden ki, bostan, ve penbe h\u00e2s\u0131l anlardan \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr \u00fczere al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve ba\u011flar\u0131ndan her y\u00fcz devekten iki Osman ak\u00e7esi al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve resm-i \u0131rg\u00e2diyye her neferden on g\u00fcn \u0131rgatl\u0131k al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f ki, her g\u00fcn\u00fc iki\u015fer Osman\u00eeden yi\u011firmi ak\u00e7e olur. An\u0131n dahi al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n mevsimi m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar gibi n\u0131s\u0131f \u00fczeredir. Ve ger\u00fc her h\u00e2neden \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fck odun dahi al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f ki, iki\u015fer ak\u00e7eden alt\u0131 Osman ak\u00e7esi olur. Ve iki part otluk dahi al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f, her part\u0131 iki\u015fer Osman ak\u00e7esinden d\u00f6rt ak\u00e7e olur. Bunlar\u0131n dahi al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n mevsimi m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar verd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vakittedir ki, yukar\u0131 zikrolubdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve ger\u00fc kefere t\u00e2ifesinden her h\u00e2neden \u00fc\u00e7er tavuk dahi al\u0131n\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ki, her biri iki\u015fer ak\u00e7eden alt\u0131 Osman\u00ee olur. Bunun dahi al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n mevsimi harman vaktindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve ger\u00fc k\u00e2fir t\u00e2ifesinden y\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcz tenge maktu’ al\u0131rlar imi\u015f ki, alt\u0131 y\u00fcz Osman\u00ee ak\u00e7esi olur ki, her d\u00f6rt ayda y\u00fcz tenge al\u0131n\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Amm\u00e2 \u015fehir keferesinden imi\u015f. Ve ger\u00fc bunlardan otuz iki batman \u015f\u00eere dahi maktu’ al\u0131rlar imi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7.Ve resm-i mev\u00e2\u015f\u00ee (Davar, koyun, ke\u00e7i, inek ve \u00f6k\u00fcz gibi hayvanlar) e\u011fer m\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve ger keferedir, her yondan ve di\u015fi him\u00e2rdan (e\u015fekten) ve inekten birer tenge al\u0131n\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ki, iki Osman\u00ee ak\u00e7esi olur. Ve k\u0131s\u0131r inekten n\u00eem tenge al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f ki, bir Osman\u00ee olur. Ve mer\u00e2’\u00eeleri dahi \u00fc\u00e7 koyuna bir tenge al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f ki, iki Osman ak\u00e7esi olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8.Ve resm-i asel her petekten bir n\u00fcgi bal al\u0131rlar imi\u015f ki, n\u00fcgisi iki y\u00fcz dirhem olur.(1 \u00c7ermik n\u00fcgisi=200 dirhemdir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bunlar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n mevsimi e\u011fer mev\u00e2\u015f\u00ee ve ger mer\u00e2’\u00eedir ve ger resm-i aselden ev\u00e2il-i Marttad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 9.Ve resm-i ar\u00fbsiyye her ar\u00fbsiyyeden bir davar al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 10.Ve \u00e7ulhalar\u0131ndan y\u0131lda her birinden bir kez al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 11.Keferesinden bu zikrolunan hususlar k\u00fclliyen mukarrer k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131p deftere h\u00e2s\u0131l kaydoldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 12.Ve resm-i \u00e2siy\u00e2blar yo\u011f imi\u015f, ger\u00fc nesne kaydolmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 13.Ve tamga hus\u00fbsunda dahi y\u00fck ge\u00e7ip gitse noktaba\u015f\u0131 dey\u00fc her y\u00fckten birer tenge al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f ki, iki Osman\u00ee ak\u00e7e hes\u00e2b\u0131d\u0131r. Ve \u015fehirde koyun bo\u011fazlansa her koyundan bir ve yar\u0131m tenge al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f ki, \u00fc\u00e7 Osman\u00eedir. Ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131r bo\u011fazlansa \u00fc\u00e7 tenge al\u0131n\u0131r imi\u015f ki, alt\u0131 Osman\u00eedir. Ve at ve kat\u0131r ve him\u00e2r sat\u0131lsa, her ba\u015ftan bir \u015eahruk\u00ee (1 \u015eahruki=6 Osmanl\u0131 ak\u00e7esidir) al\u0131n\u0131rmi\u015f ki, alt\u0131 Osman\u00eedir. Ve s\u00e2ir nesne sat\u0131lsa tamga al\u0131nmaz imi\u015f. Bu zikrolan hus\u00fbslar k\u00fclliyen olduklu oldu\u011fu \u00fczere mukarrer k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131. (Do\u00e7. Dr. Ahmed Akg\u00fcnd\u00fcz, Osmanl\u0131 Kanunn\u00e2meleri ve Hukuk\u00ee Tahlilleri 3. Kitap Yavuz Sultan Selim Devri Kanunn\u00e2meleri, Fey Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-1991, s.212, 219, 243-245.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kanun\u00ee D\u00f6nemi \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131 Kanunn\u00e2mesi<\/strong><\/em> Fethin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Amid Pa\u015fa Sanca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilerek, K\u00fcrdistan’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n elinde bulunan yerleri Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda topland\u0131. \u00c7\u0131kart\u0131lan kanunlar, ilk etapta Hasan Pa\u015fa Kanunlar\u0131’n\u0131n k\u0131smi bir uyarlamas\u0131 yap\u0131larak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kanun\u00ee devrinde, Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131, hem idar\u00ee ve hem m\u00fclk\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan ve hem de hukuk\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fikliklere u\u011frad\u0131: Erzurum Ey\u00e2leti, Ba\u011fdat Ey\u00e2leti, Van Ey\u00e2leti ve Halep Ey\u00e2leti, yeni fetihlerle beraber, Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti’nden kopma ey\u00e2letlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0131sacas\u0131, idar\u00ee ve m\u00fclk\u00ee olarak yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti iki ana b\u00f6lgeye; Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti (Vil\u00e2yeti) ve K\u00fcrdistan Ey\u00e2leti (Vil\u00e2yeti)’ne ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Birinci \u0130dari B\u00f6lge, Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda klasik Osmanl\u0131 sancaklar\u0131 toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlileri alfabetik s\u0131raya g\u00f6re \u015funlard\u0131r: Ey\u00e2let-i Diy\u00e2rbekir unvan\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanan bu liv\u00e2larda (sancaklarda\/vilayetlerde) baz\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar bulunsa bile, Osmanl\u0131 Kanunlar\u0131 ge\u00e7erliydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130kinci \u0130dari B\u00f6lge ise, K\u00fcrt (Ekr\u00e2d) sancaklar\u0131 veya h\u00fck\u00fcmet diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan idar\u00ee merkezlerin topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Vil\u00e2yet-i K\u00fcrdistan’d\u0131r. Bu sancaklardan \u00f6nemli olanlar\u0131n alfabetik s\u0131raya isimleri \u015funlard\u0131r: En \u00f6nemli sancaklar\u0131n\u0131 sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z K\u00fcrdistan Ey\u00e2leti’nin bu idari birimleri, sonradan H\u00fck\u00fcmet veya K\u00fcrt (Ekr\u00e2d) Sanca\u011f\u0131 diye adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sancaklarda Osmanl\u0131 Kanunlar\u0131 ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir. Beyliklerin veya h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin kendi s\u00f6zl\u00fc ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 yasalar\u0131 ge\u00e7erlidir. Tabii k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde, fiiliyatta ise hep Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n dedi\u011fi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1548’de Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti’nin idari, m\u00fclki ve hukuki yap\u0131s\u0131 yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 932\/1526 Tarihli \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131 Kan\u00fbnn\u00e2mesi<\/strong><\/em> Kan\u00fbnn\u00e2me-i Liv\u00e2-i \u00c7ermik Ma’a N\u00e2hahiye-i Eb\u00fb T\u00e2hir<\/strong><\/em> 2.Ve resm-i c\u00fcll\u00e2h hil\u00e2f-\u0131 kan\u00fbn olma\u011f\u0131n ref’ olundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3.Ve \u00e2det-i a\u011fn\u00e2m veren re’\u00e2y\u00e2dan \u00e7obanbe\u011fi al\u0131nmaya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.Ve liv\u00e2-i mezb\u00fbrda olan kur\u00e2lar\u0131n yeri az olup ekser karyelerde bir \u00e7iftlik ve iki \u00e7iftlik zemin olup ve i\u00e7inde olan re’\u00e2y\u00e2lar dahi ol bir \u00e7iftlik ve iki \u00e7iftlik ile sebeblen\u00fcb zir\u00e2’at ederler imi\u015f. Ol sebebden ba’z\u0131 kur\u00e2larda m\u00fcstakil \u00e7ift kayd olunmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Her kur\u00e2ya yerine g\u00f6re resm-i zemin kayd olunub a’l\u00e2 yerden iki d\u00f6n\u00fcme bir ak\u00e7e ve edn\u00e2 yerden \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6n\u00fcme bir ak\u00e7e resm-i zemin ver\u00fcb amm\u00e2 bunun gibi re’\u00e2y\u00e2lar dahi \u00fczerime \u00e7ift ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r dey\u00fc duta geld\u00fc\u011fi yerlerin zir\u00e2’at ed\u00fcb sebeblen\u00fcrken b\u0131ra\u011fub \u00e2har topra\u011fa varub zir\u00e2’at etmek c\u00e2iz de\u011fildir. Me\u011fer ki, duta geld\u00fc\u011fi yerlerin zir\u00e2’at eyleseler, anlar\u0131n gibilerden tekrar behre taleb olunmaya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5.Ve debb\u00e2\u011f-h\u00e2ne hus\u00fbs\u0131 dahi her iki koyun ve ke\u00e7i derisi dib\u00e2\u011fate gel\u00fcr olsa, her iki posta bir karaca ak\u00e7e al\u0131nurm\u0131\u015f. Ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131r g\u00f6n\u00fcnden bir bu\u00e7uk ve camus g\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00fc\u00e7er ak\u00e7e al\u0131nurm\u0131\u015f, yine ol \u00fczere mukarrer k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6.Ve tamg\u00e2-i a\u011fn\u00e2m dahi e\u011fer \u015fehirde kur\u00e2larda sat\u0131lmak i\u00e7\u00fcn bo\u011fazlanan koyundan her koyun ba\u015f\u0131na alt\u0131\u015far karaca ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131rdan on sekiz karaca tamga al\u0131nurm\u0131\u015f ki, \u00fc\u00e7i bir Osman ak\u00e7esi olur dey\u00fc kayd olunmu\u015f. Her koyun ba\u015f\u0131na alt\u0131\u015far ak\u00e7e ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131r ba\u015f\u0131na alt\u0131\u015far ak\u00e7e al\u0131na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7.Ve s\u00e2ir hus\u00fbsiyy\u00e2t kan\u00fbnn\u00e2me-i k\u00fcll\u00eede kayd olunmu\u015fdur (Burada Kanunn\u00e2me-i Vil\u00e2yet-i Diy\u00e2rbekir kasdedilmektedir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n ***<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kan\u00fbnn\u00e2me-i N\u00e2hahiye-i Eb\u00fb T\u00e2hir<\/strong><\/em> 2.Ve resm-i c\u00fcll\u00e2hlar\u0131 ref’ olundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3.Ve bundan akdem ikiy\u00fcz batman asel Kan\u00fbn-\u0131 Hasan Be\u011f iken ver\u00fcrler imi\u015f, h\u00e2liy\u00e2 Kan\u00fbn-\u0131 Osman\u00ee olma\u011f\u0131n ref’ olundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.Ve y\u0131lda \u00fcz\u00fcm ak\u00e7esi be\u015fy\u00fcz ak\u00e7e alurlarm\u0131\u015f, ol dahi ref’ olund\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5.Ve re’\u00e2y\u00e2 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n koyunlar\u0131 \u00e2det-i a\u011fn\u00e2m kayd olundu; \u00e7obanbe\u011fi al\u0131nmaya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6.Ve her asel pete\u011fine iki ak\u00e7e kayd olundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7.Ve zikr olunan n\u00e2hiyenin yerleri kem olub \u00e7iftli\u011fe k\u00e2biliyeti olmadu\u011f\u0131 cihetden \u00e7ift ba\u011flanmayub resm-i zemin kayd olundu. A’l\u00e2 yerden iki d\u00f6n\u00fcme bir ak\u00e7e ve edn\u00e2 yerden \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6n\u00fcme bir ak\u00e7e kayd olundu. Kad\u00eemeden her ki\u015fi eke-geld\u00fc\u011fi yerleri eker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8.Ve \u0130sl\u00e2miyyenin benn\u00e2klerine on iki ak\u00e7e resm-i benn\u00e2k ve alt\u0131 ak\u00e7e \u0131rg\u00e2diyye kayd olund\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 9.Ve meyveleri yedide bir kayd olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 10.Ve keferelerin her y\u00fcz deveklerine be\u015f ak\u00e7e kayd olundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 11.Ve zikr olan n\u00e2hiyede olan muhtesib her \u011fanem ba\u015f\u0131na bir ak\u00e7e ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131r ba\u015f\u0131na iki ak\u00e7e vermek kan\u00fbnlar\u0131 imi\u015f, b\u00f6yle vereler, dahi ziy\u00e2de vermeyeler. (Do\u00e7. Dr. Ahmed Akg\u00fcnd\u00fcz, Osmanl\u0131 Kanunn\u00e2meleri ve Hukuk\u00ee Tahlilleri 5. Kitap Kanun\u00ee Devri Kanunn\u00e2meleri II. K\u0131s\u0131m Ey\u00e2let Kanunn\u00e2meleri (I), Fey Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-1992, s. 437-439,472-473.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 16 Mart 2009 tarihinde <\/p>\n\n\n \u00c7ermik \u00e7ok eski, tarihi bir yerle\u015fim yeridir. Bir\u00e7ok uygarl\u0131k \u00c7ermik’te h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr: Huriler, Mittanniler, Asurlular, Urartular, \u0130skitler, Medler, Persler, Makedonlar, Selevkoslar, Partlar, Ermeniler, Romal\u0131lar, Bizansl\u0131lar, Araplar, Emev\u00eeler, Abbasiler, \u015eeyh-O\u011fullar\u0131, Hamdan\u00eeler, Merv\u00e2n\u00eeler, Sel\u00e7uklular, \u0130nano\u011fullar\u0131, Nisano\u011fullar\u0131, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131, Artuklular, Osmanl\u0131lar belli d\u00f6nemlerde s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u00c7ermik’e egemen olmu\u015flard\u0131r. 1515 y\u0131l\u0131nda Diy\u00e2rbekir’in Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla; \u00c7ermik, Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti’ne ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131 (Livas\u0131) ad\u0131yla idari yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhuriyetten sonra, 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1924 Anayasas\u0131’na dayan\u0131larak 1926 tarih ve 877 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla sancaklar kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Vilayet, kaza, nahiye, kasaba, k\u00f6y \u015feklinde yeni idari d\u00fczenlemeler getirildi. Bu yasaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131 da kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131; il\u00e7e olarak Diyarbak\u0131r’a ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1064],"tags":[304,4251,4250,4253,4252,4249],"class_list":["post-6211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","tag-cermik","tag-cermik-livasi","tag-cermik-sancagi","tag-kanuni-donemi-cermik","tag-kanunnameler","tag-yavuz-donemi-cermik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6211","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6211"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6211\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6212,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6211\/revisions\/6212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6211"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6211"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Kanunn\u00e2melere ge\u00e7meden, Osmanl\u0131 idari yap\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yeri olan Sancaklar ve \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok k\u0131sa baz\u0131 bilgilerin bilinmesinde yarar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Klasik Osmanl\u0131 Sancaklar\u0131
2. Yurt ve Ocak T\u00fcr\u00fcndeki Sancaklar
3. K\u00fcrt (Erk\u00e2d) Sancaklar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Osmanl\u0131lar fethettikleri memleketlerdeki \u00f6rf, adet ve yasal d\u00fczenlemeler ile halk\u0131n al\u0131\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fu vergi \u015fekillerine uzun m\u00fcddet uymu\u015ftur. Sonradan l\u00fczum duyulduk\u00e7a (paraya s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nca yani) onlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f veya yenilerini yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Akkoyunlu Devleti’nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, K\u00fcrdistan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Sefevi Devleti aras\u0131nda sava\u015f ve rekabet sahas\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yavuz d\u00f6neminde \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131 Kanunn\u00e2mesi, Hasan Padi\u015fah (Uzun Hasan) Kanunu esas al\u0131narak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diy\u00e2rbekir ey\u00e2letinin 1515’de, Yavuz zaman\u0131nda fethi tamamland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.Adilcev\u00e2z Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
2.Amid Liv\u00e2s\u0131 (Pa\u015fa Sanca\u011f\u0131),
3.Ana ve H\u00eet Liv\u00e2s\u0131 (Sonradan Ba\u011fdat Ey\u00e2letine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r),
4.Arapkir Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
5.A\u015f\u00e2ir-i Ulus Liv\u00e2s\u0131 (Boz Ulus ve Kara Ulus),
6.Atak Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
7.B\u00eera Liv\u00e2s\u0131 (Birecik Sanca\u011f\u0131),
8.Bitlis Liv\u00e2s\u0131 (Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda K\u00fcrdistan Ey\u00e2leti k\u0131sm\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir),
9.\u00c7emi\u015fgezek Liv\u00e2s\u0131 (Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda K\u00fcrdistan Ey\u00e2leti k\u0131sm\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir),
10.Deyr’\u00fcr Rahbe Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
11.Ergani Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
12.Harput Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
13.Habur (Kabur) Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
14.Musul Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
15.Mardin Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
16 Ruha (Urfa) Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
17.Sincar Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
18.Siverek Liv\u00e2s\u0131 (Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda K\u00fcrdistan Ey\u00e2leti k\u0131sm\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir),
19.H\u0131sn-\u0131 Keyf (Hasankeyf) Liv\u00e2s\u0131 (Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda K\u00fcrdistan Ey\u00e2leti k\u0131sm\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir),
20.K\u0131\u011f\u0131 Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
21.Nusaybin Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
22.Rakka Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
23.Si’ird Liv\u00e2s\u0131,
24.Tercil Liv\u00e2s\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.Behr\u00e2n\u00ee Livas\u0131,
2.Cizre Livas\u0131,
3.\u00c7abak\u00e7ur Livas\u0131,
4.\u00c7ermik Livas\u0131,
5.Egil Livas\u0131,
6.Gen\u00e7 Livas\u0131,
7.Hazzro Livas\u0131,
8.Hizan Livas\u0131,
9.\u0130m\u00e2diye Livas\u0131,
10.Kulb Livas\u0131,
11.Mihr\u00e2n\u00ee Livas\u0131,
12.M\u00fck\u00fcs Livas\u0131,
13.Palu Livas\u0131,
14.Sason Livas\u0131,
15.Tercil Livas\u0131,
16.\u015eervil Livas\u0131,
17.Vatsan Livas\u0131,
18.Zerr\u00eek\u00ee Livas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ermik, Diy\u00e2rbekir Ey\u00e2leti’nin ocakl\u0131k ve yurtluk \u015feklinde idare edilen K\u00fcrt sancaklar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Eb\u00fb T\u00e2hir ise, \u00c7ermik’e ba\u011fl\u0131 bir n\u00e2hiyedir. Bu nedenle, Eb\u00fb T\u00e2hir Kanunn\u00e2mesi, \u00c7ermik Sanca\u011f\u0131 Kanunn\u00e2mesi’ne ilave olunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.Galleleri humus \u00fczere ve penbeleri s\u00fcd\u00fcs \u00fczere ve \u0130sl\u00e2miyyenin ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n her y\u00fcz deveklerine d\u00f6rder ak\u00e7e ve keferelerin her y\u00fcz deveklerine be\u015fer ak\u00e7e ve bostanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u015frin alalar. Ve sebzev\u00e2tlar\u0131 \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr \u00fczere ve diraht meyveleri yedide bir kayd olundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.Galleleri humus \u00fczere ve penbeleri s\u00fcd\u00fcs ve ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcz deveklerine d\u00f6rt ak\u00e7e al\u0131nmak \u00fczere ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
www.wekfacermug.de sitesinde yay\u0131na konuldu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n