{"id":6070,"date":"2006-03-01T21:05:00","date_gmt":"2006-03-01T21:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=6070"},"modified":"2023-06-19T21:15:54","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T21:15:54","slug":"cayonu-ve-insanin-camurdan-yaratilisinin-hikayesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=6070","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc ve \u0130nsan\u0131n \u00c7amurdan Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Hik\u00e2yesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

“\u00c7amurdan yo\u011frulmu\u015f bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m
Taklit edince Rabbini, yoz \u015fekil olur ancak sureti de\u011fil;
Kader, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kovalar birbirini,
Ama eksik kal\u0131r uyumu sa\u011flayan us.”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc, Diyarbak\u0131r iline ba\u011fl\u0131 Ergani il\u00e7esinde bir h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ad\u0131d\u0131r. Kuzey Mezopotamya’daki tarih\u00ee yerle\u015fim yerlerinden biridir. Prof. Dr. Halet \u00c7ambel ve Prof. Dr. Robert J. Braidwood taraf\u0131ndan G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu Tarih\u00f6ncesi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Karma Projesi kapsam\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan kaz\u0131lar sonucunda tespit edilen “ilk \u00fcreticili\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015f” yeri olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, \u00f6nemli bir yer \u00f6zelli\u011findedir. Neolitik d\u00f6nemin en iyi, belki de en erken temsilcisidir. Bu d\u00f6nem, yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6. 7500-6000 y\u0131llar\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsano\u011flunun bu ilk yerle\u015fim yerinde yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda kilden, bal\u00e7\u0131ktan, yani \u00e7amurdan kad\u0131n heykelcikleri, yayg\u0131n ismiyle “ven\u00fcs”ler bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kad\u0131n heykelcikleri, insano\u011flunun kendi elleriyle \u00e7amurdan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131\/yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7alard\u0131r. “Ana tanr\u0131\u00e7a”n\u0131n simgeleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ve benzeri buluntulara g\u00f6re, demek ki tanr\u0131 ve tanr\u0131\u00e7alar insanlardan \u00e7ok \u00e7ok sonralar\u0131 insanlar taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonralar\u0131 ise, insan\u0131n tanr\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan, hem de \u00e7amurdan yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lmaya, s\u00f6ylenmeye ba\u015fland\u0131: \u0130nsan, yaratanken yarat\u0131lan oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizlere ula\u015fabilen tarihsel belgelere g\u00f6re, bu s\u00fcrecin ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi, M\u00d6. 2000’lerde yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen, Babil’lerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f Destan\u0131’d\u0131r. Destanda, b\u00fcy\u00fck tanr\u0131\u00e7a Aruru’nun; G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f’\u0131n k\u00f6lesi Engidu’yu, yani insan\u0131n \u00e7amurdan yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131l\u0131r: “Aruru ellerini y\u0131kad\u0131; bir par\u00e7a \u00e7amur kopar\u0131p yaz\u0131ya att\u0131. Ve yaz\u0131da yi\u011fit Engidu’yu yaratt\u0131. \u00c7amurdan yarat\u0131lan Engidu, demir gibi sertti. B\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6vdesi k\u0131llarla kapkara olmu\u015ftu. Kad\u0131n gibi uzun sa\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131. Sa\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n l\u00fcleleri t\u0131pk\u0131 bu\u011fday ba\u015fa\u011f\u0131 gibi filizlenmi\u015fti.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci \u00f6nemli belge, M\u00d6. 1500-1000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen, K\u00fcrtlerin eski dini Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kutsal kitab\u0131 Avesta’d\u0131r. Avesta metinlerinde bu konuyla ilgili bir bilgi bulunmamakta, ama sonralar\u0131 eklenen de\u011fi\u015fik gelenek ve s\u00f6ylenceler var. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Sasaniler d\u00f6neminde (MS. 226-650) Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn uzant\u0131s\u0131 Zervanizm’e g\u00f6re, “erdemlik tanr\u0131s\u0131” Ahura Mazdah ilk insan\u0131, Goya’mart’\u0131 yarat\u0131yor. Nas\u0131l ve hangi nesneden yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belli de\u011fil. Ancak daha sonra yarat\u0131lan bu insan Ehriman’a (k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck tanr\u0131s\u0131na) boyun e\u011fiyor ve bedeninde metaller olu\u015fuyor. Bunun \u00fczerine alt\u0131n (baz\u0131 geleneklere g\u00f6re Ahura Mazdah’\u0131n spermas\u0131) uzun bir d\u00f6nem Armaiti’de, -yani toprakta-sakl\u0131 kal\u0131yor; daha sonra Mashya ve Mashyanak (\u00c2dem ve Havva diyebiliriz) gibi iki insan\u0131 yarat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski M\u0131s\u0131r Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Khunum’un da insanlar\u0131 bal\u00e7\u0131ktan, \u00e7amurdan yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6nemli belge, Yahudilerin kutsal kitab\u0131 Tevrat’t\u0131r. M\u00d6. 500’l\u00fc y\u0131llarda yaz\u0131lan Tevrat’\u0131n “Tekvin” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, insano\u011flunun \u00e7amurdan yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131l\u0131r: “Ve RAB Allah yerin topra\u011f\u0131ndan adam\u0131 yapt\u0131, ve onun burnuna hayat nefesini \u00fcfledi; ve adam ya\u015fayan can oldu. Ve RAB Allah \u015farka do\u011fru Aden’de bir bah\u00e7e dikti; ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 adam\u0131 oraya koydu.” Burada burnundan \u00fcflenen ve bah\u00e7eye konulan adam bildi\u011fimiz Hz. \u00c2dem’dir. Sonralar\u0131 Havva’n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne kan\u0131p “g\u00fcnah” i\u015fledi\u011fi i\u00e7in, bu bah\u00e7eden, yani “Cennet”ten kovulacakt\u0131r!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6nemli belge, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kutsal kitab\u0131 Kuran’d\u0131r. MS. 610-632 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda “Vahy” olunan ve 645 y\u0131l\u0131nda Halife Hz. Osman zaman\u0131nda yazd\u0131r\u0131lan Kuran’da ise, insan\u0131n bal\u00e7\u0131ktan yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r: Allah, “g\u00f6klerin ve yerin e\u015fsiz yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u015feyi diledi\u011finde ona sadece ‘Ol!’ der, o da hemen oluverir.” “Allah nezdinde \u0130sa’n\u0131n durumu, \u00c2dem’in durumu gibidir. Allah onu topraktan yaratt\u0131. Sonra ona ‘Ol!’ dedi ve oluverdi.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n yaratandan yarat\u0131lana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi \u00e7ok uzun bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131saca; \u0130nsano\u011flu “ilkel” ya\u015famdan avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 ya\u015fama ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flay\u0131nca; “ilkel” toplumdan miras ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 totemler, do\u011fa g\u00fc\u00e7leri, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar, egemenlerin atalar\u0131 tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131 veya tanr\u0131\u00e7ala\u015ft\u0131. O d\u00f6nem, do\u011fada etkin \u00f6\u011fe insan oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tanr\u0131ya\/tanr\u0131\u00e7aya insan bi\u00e7imi verilirdi. \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan hafif pi\u015fmi\u015f kil kad\u0131n heykelci\u011fi de b\u00f6ylesi tanr\u0131\u00e7alardan biridir b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00f6nem tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n\/tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi, “do\u011fay\u0131 yoktan var etmeyen, yaln\u0131zca kaos i\u00e7inde bulduklar\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya d\u00fczen veren” varl\u0131k olu\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7ebe toplumdan yerle\u015fik d\u00fczene ge\u00e7ilmesinin ard\u0131ndan, uzun y\u0131llar sonra kent devletine, kent devletinden de imparatorlu\u011fa ge\u00e7ilince, tanr\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 azalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan da \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fimine paralel toplumsal ilerleme sonucu tanr\u0131 ve tanr\u0131\u00e7alar yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc terk edip, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7ekildi: \u00c7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131ktan tek tanr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7ildi. Ve tanr\u0131lar, “do\u011faya d\u00fczen veren varl\u0131klar olmaktan, do\u011fay\u0131 yaratan varl\u0131klar olma” noktas\u0131na y\u00fckseldiler. Do\u011fay\u0131 ve insanlar\u0131 yaratan soyut varl\u0131klar oldular. Bu tanr\u0131lar insanlar\u0131 yarat\u0131rken; -ilgin\u00e7tir- \u0131rmak kenar\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u00f6mlek\u00e7ilere benzer \u015fekilde \u00e7amuru, kili \u00e7\u00f6mle\u011fe veya heykelci\u011fe bi\u00e7im verir gibi insana bi\u00e7im verildi\u011fini \u00f6yk\u00fclendirlmektedirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanr\u0131lar tekle\u015fip g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7ekilince, geriye kalan di\u011fer tanr\u0131 ve tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131n her biri, d\u00fcnya i\u015flerinin birinden sorumlu “Melek” olup, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: Olan, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde kalan insana oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc’nde “ven\u00fcs”leri, tanr\u0131 ve tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00e7amurdan kendi elleriyle yapan\/yaratan insano\u011fluydu. Sonradan insan\u0131n trajedisi ba\u015flad\u0131: Tanr\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan insan\u0131n \u00e7amurdan yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lmaya ve bu yaz\u0131lanlara da inan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trajedi devam ediyor\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mart 2006’de Bilim ve Gelecek<\/strong> dergisinde(Say\u0131: 25)
10 ve 24 Mart 2006 tarihlerinde Ergani Haber<\/strong> gazetesinde yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

avesta<\/a>, <\/span>\u00e7ay\u00f6n\u00fc<\/a>, <\/span>g\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f destan\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>insan\u0131n \u00e7amurdan yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>kad\u0131n heykelcikleri<\/a>, <\/span>kuran<\/a>, <\/span>neolitik d\u00f6nem<\/a>, <\/span>prof. dr. halet \u00e7ambel<\/a>, <\/span>prof. dr. robert j. braidwood<\/a>, <\/span>Tevrat<\/a>, <\/span>trajedi<\/a>, <\/span>ven\u00fcs<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“\u00c7amurdan yo\u011frulmu\u015f bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mTaklit edince Rabbini, yoz \u015fekil olur ancak sureti de\u011fil;Kader, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kovalar birbirini,Ama eksik kal\u0131r uyumu sa\u011flayan us.” \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc, Diyarbak\u0131r iline ba\u011fl\u0131 Ergani il\u00e7esinde bir h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ad\u0131d\u0131r. Kuzey Mezopotamya’daki tarih\u00ee yerle\u015fim yerlerinden biridir. Prof. Dr. Halet \u00c7ambel ve Prof. Dr. Robert J. Braidwood taraf\u0131ndan G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu Tarih\u00f6ncesi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Karma Projesi kapsam\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan kaz\u0131lar sonucunda tespit edilen “ilk \u00fcreticili\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015f” yeri olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, \u00f6nemli bir yer \u00f6zelli\u011findedir. Neolitik d\u00f6nemin en iyi, belki de en erken temsilcisidir. Bu d\u00f6nem, yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6. 7500-6000 y\u0131llar\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. \u0130nsano\u011flunun bu ilk yerle\u015fim yerinde yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda kilden, bal\u00e7\u0131ktan, yani \u00e7amurdan kad\u0131n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3901,1064],"tags":[4005,489,4006,4004,4002,3888,4001,3416,3419,2873,4007,4003],"class_list":["post-6070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","category-tarih","tag-avesta","tag-cayonu","tag-gilgamis-destani","tag-insanin-camurdan-yaratilisi","tag-kadin-heykelcikleri","tag-kuran-2","tag-neolitik-donem","tag-prof-dr-halet-cambel-2","tag-prof-dr-robert-j-braidwood-2","tag-tevrat","tag-trajedi","tag-venus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6070","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6070"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6070\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6071,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6070\/revisions\/6071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6070"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6070"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6070"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}