{"id":5955,"date":"2005-11-18T20:36:00","date_gmt":"2005-11-18T20:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=5955"},"modified":"2023-07-01T12:26:26","modified_gmt":"2023-07-01T12:26:26","slug":"abd-ve-genisletilmis-ortadogu-projesi-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=5955","title":{"rendered":"ABD ve Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Ortado\u011fu Projesi (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesi:
ABD ve Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Ortado\u011fu Projesi (1)<\/a>
ABD ve Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Ortado\u011fu Projesi (2)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, ABD, k\u00fcreselle\u015fme d\u00f6neminde egemenli\u011findeki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yeniden bi\u00e7imlendirilmesine karar verdi: “Yeni D\u00fcnya D\u00fczeni<\/em><\/strong>” ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir yap\u0131lanma modelini g\u00fcndeme getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu modelin olu\u015fumunda biri uzun, di\u011feri k\u0131sa vadede olmak \u00fczere iki olay etkili oldu. Uzun vadede d\u00fcnyan\u0131n Tar\u0131m ve Sanayi devrimlerinden sonra “\u0130leti\u015fim-Bile\u015fim Devrimi” veya “Bilgi Toplumu” ya da “Uzay \u00c7a\u011f\u0131” gibi ifadelerle tan\u0131mlanan “yeni bir devrime” girmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sa d\u00f6nemdeki olgu ise, 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001’de Amerika’y\u0131 vuran “K\u00fcresel Ter\u00f6r”\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu olgular sonucu, proje geli\u015ftirildi ve g\u00fcndemin ortas\u0131na oturtuldu. Projenin tam ad\u0131, “Geni\u015f Ortado\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika B\u00f6lgesi \u0130le Ortak Bir Gelecek ve \u0130lerleme \u0130\u00e7in Ortakl\u0131k<\/strong><\/em>“t\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, projenin kuramsal boyutunu anlamam\u0131z i\u00e7in, bu projenin fikir babalar\u0131n\u0131n tezlerine yer vermek istiyorum:
1. GOP’un Kuramsal Babas\u0131 Huntington’un Tezi<\/em><\/strong>
\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sona erince, Amerikal\u0131 siyaset bilim profes\u00f6r\u00fc Samuel P. Huntington, Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n rehavete kap\u0131larak la\u00e7kala\u015fmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni d\u00fc\u015fmanlara gereksinme duydu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esi ile, \u00f6nce \u0130slam \u00c2lemi’nin ve sonra da \u00c7in uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131’n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na dikilece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda birtak\u0131m tezler ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc.
Bug\u00fcn, ABD’nin gerek Afganistan gerekse Irak sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nda ve GOP’un arka plan\u0131nda Huntington’un kuramsal a\u00e7\u0131dan dile getirdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n izlerini g\u00f6rmek art\u0131k \u00e7ok daha belirgin.
Huntington’a g\u00f6re, “Bat\u0131” tek ve biricik nitelikli bir uygarl\u0131kt\u0131r; Bat\u0131’ya ula\u015f\u0131lamaz ve Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taklit edilemez. Huntington’un Toynbee’den \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu teze g\u00f6re;
\u2022 Her uygarl\u0131k ancak bir meydan okuma ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bununla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman geli\u015fir ve devam eder, yoksa gev\u015fer ve yok olur.
\u2022 So\u011fuk Sava\u015f bitmeden \u00f6nce, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin liderli\u011findeki Do\u011fu Bloku, Bat\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir tehdit olu\u015fturuyor ve Bat\u0131’y\u0131 uyan\u0131k, dinamik ve geli\u015fme \u00e7izgisinde tutuyordu.
\u2022 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fckten sonra, bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki tehdit kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu uygarl\u0131k rehavete kap\u0131lma ve dinamizmini yitirme tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022 Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uyan\u0131k ve dinamik tutabilmek, geli\u015fmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na yeni d\u00fc\u015fmanlar bulmak gerekir, bunlar da s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u0130slam ve \u00c7in uygarl\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. GOP’un Ard\u0131ndaki Beyinlerden Biri Olan Francis Fukuyama’n\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi<\/em><\/strong>
Tarihin Sonu<\/strong> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131yla \u00fcnlenen Francis Fukuyama’n\u0131n son kitab\u0131 State Building: Governance and World Order in the Twenty-First Century ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye “Devlet Kurma: Yirmibirinci Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Y\u00f6neti\u015fim ve D\u00fcnya D\u00fczeni” diye \u00e7evrilebilir. Fukuyama, bu kitab\u0131nda yirmibirinci y\u00fczy\u0131l d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fcyor ve bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n nas\u0131l bi\u00e7imlenmesi gerekti\u011fi konusunda \u00f6nerilerini s\u0131ral\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitap, GOP’un ana hatlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. “Ulus devlet bitmi\u015ftir, yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninde ulus devlet modelinin yeri yoktur” g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, yirmibirinci y\u00fczy\u0131l d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n “temel siyasal biriminin ulus devlet” olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. Fukuyama’ya g\u00f6re, hi\u00e7bir uluslararas\u0131 feodal \u00f6rg\u00fct, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki yoksulluk, ter\u00f6r, uyu\u015fturucu gibi sorunlarla, ulus devletler kadar etkili bir bi\u00e7imde m\u00fccadele edemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya politikas\u0131n\u0131n devletin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde oldu\u011funa i\u015faret eden Fukuyama, “11 Eyl\u00fcl’den sonraki d\u00f6nemde, d\u00fcnya politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel sorunu devleti geri \u00e7ekme de\u011fil, tam tersine onu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmektir. Gerek tek tek toplumlar, gerekse t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, devletin yok edilmesi, bir \u00fctopyan\u0131n de\u011fil, bir felaketin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r” diyor. (s.162)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi devlet, “k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck fakat etkin” bir devlettir. Ayr\u0131ca, kitapta d\u00fcnyadaki \u00fclkeleri, “devlet fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131” ve “devlet g\u00fcc\u00fc” \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerine g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, T\u00fcrkiye ve Brezilya gibi \u00fclkeleri, “fonksiyonlar\u0131 yayg\u0131n ama g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz” devletler aras\u0131nda sayarken, Amerika’y\u0131, “fonksiyonlar\u0131 az ama g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devlet” s\u0131n\u0131flamas\u0131na sokuyor. Fransa ile Japonya ise hem fonksiyonlar\u0131 hem de g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devlet kategorisinde yer al\u0131yor. (s.15) Ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in, “fonksiyonlar\u0131 dar ama g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devlet” modelinin uygun oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fukuyama’n\u0131n son kitab\u0131 ile GOP aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, ter\u00f6r, yoksulluk, uyu\u015fturucu gibi d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki sorunlarla sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in, “Geni\u015f Ortado\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika B\u00f6lgesi \u0130le Ortak Bir Gelecek ve \u0130lerleme \u0130\u00e7in Ortakl\u0131k<\/em><\/strong>” \u00f6neriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GOP ile ilgili geli\u015fmelere ve Huntington ile Fukuyama’n\u0131n tezlerine bakarak, Frans\u0131z sosyolog Saida B\u00e9dar’\u0131n Diplomatie<\/strong> dergisinde (May\u0131s\/Haziran 2003) sordu\u011fu soruyu bizlerde sorabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u00fcy\u00fck Ortado\u011fu, yeni global s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fe do\u011fru mu?”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Not:<\/strong> GOP’la ilgili bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131 8\u201310 Kas\u0131m 2004 tarihleri aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul The Marmara Oteli’nde d\u00fczenlenen “Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Ortado\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika Projesi (GOP) Sempozyumu”nda tutu\u011fum notlara ve konu\u015fma metinlerinden yararlanarak yazd\u0131m. \u2013M. \u00dcz\u00fclmez<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18 Kas\u0131m 2005
Ergani Haber Gazetesi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

abd<\/a>, <\/span>diplomatie dergisi<\/a>, <\/span>francis fukuyama<\/a>, <\/span>geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ortado\u011fu projesi<\/a>, <\/span>gop<\/a>, <\/span>huntington<\/a>, <\/span>medeniyetler \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>saida b\u00e9dar<\/a>, <\/span>sovyetler birli\u011fi<\/a>, <\/span>tarihin sonu<\/a>, <\/span>yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesi:ABD ve Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Ortado\u011fu Projesi (1)ABD ve Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Ortado\u011fu Projesi (2) Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, ABD, k\u00fcreselle\u015fme d\u00f6neminde egemenli\u011findeki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yeniden bi\u00e7imlendirilmesine karar verdi: “Yeni D\u00fcnya D\u00fczeni” ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir yap\u0131lanma modelini g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Bu modelin olu\u015fumunda biri uzun, di\u011feri k\u0131sa vadede olmak \u00fczere iki olay etkili oldu. Uzun vadede d\u00fcnyan\u0131n Tar\u0131m ve Sanayi devrimlerinden sonra “\u0130leti\u015fim-Bile\u015fim Devrimi” veya “Bilgi Toplumu” ya da “Uzay \u00c7a\u011f\u0131” gibi ifadelerle tan\u0131mlanan “yeni bir devrime” girmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sa d\u00f6nemdeki olgu ise, 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001’de Amerika’y\u0131 vuran “K\u00fcresel Ter\u00f6r”\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu olgular sonucu, proje geli\u015ftirildi ve g\u00fcndemin ortas\u0131na oturtuldu. Projenin tam ad\u0131,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[449,97],"tags":[187,3809,256,3810,3808,253,254,3811,102,255,711],"class_list":["post-5955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-inceleme","category-politika","tag-abd","tag-diplomatie-dergisi","tag-francis-fukuyama","tag-genisletilmis-ortadogu-projesi","tag-gop","tag-huntington","tag-medeniyetler-catismasi","tag-saida-bedar","tag-sovyetler-birligi","tag-tarihin-sonu","tag-yeni-dunya-duzeni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5955"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6600,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5955\/revisions\/6600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}