{"id":5067,"date":"2011-01-19T14:08:00","date_gmt":"2011-01-19T14:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=5067"},"modified":"2023-05-21T14:23:08","modified_gmt":"2023-05-21T14:23:08","slug":"para-borc-faiz-ve-iman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=5067","title":{"rendered":"Para, Bor\u00e7, Faiz ve \u0130man"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Merkez Bankas\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Durmu\u015f konu\u015ftu, faiz y\u00fckseldi. -15 Ocak 2011 tarihli gazeteler.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para, bor\u00e7 ve faiz \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan hayat\u00ee \u015feylerdir.
Para, bor\u00e7 ve faiz daima \u201c\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc bir yerde\u201ddir.
Bor\u00e7 faizin anas\u0131, para babas\u0131d\u0131r.
Paran\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerde bor\u00e7, borcun oldu\u011fu yerde faiz vard\u0131r.
Para, insan ili\u015fkilerinin en iyi taraf\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rabilecek bir nesne; faiz, toplumu soyup so\u011fana \u00e7evirecek bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.
Para, insan\u0131 ba\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r, insanlar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri nesnele\u015ftirir. Faiz, insanlar\u0131n \u00f6nce g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, sonra k\u00f6lele\u015ftirip onursuzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.
Ve para, her ulusun anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dilden konu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarihe d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda insano\u011flunun paradan \u00f6nce ticareti ke\u015ffetti\u011fini, daha sonra da paray\u0131 ke\u015ffetti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Goethe\u2019nin, \u015feytan ruhlu Faust<\/strong>\u2019un a\u011fz\u0131ndan, \u201cBen soygun de\u011fil, de\u011fi\u015f-toku\u015f istiyordum\u201d \u015feklinde s\u00f6yletti\u011fi gibi ticaret, bir mal veya \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir ba\u015fka mal veya \u00fcr\u00fcnle takas edilmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. S\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131madan geli\u015fti. Sonra takas art\u0131k ticaretin h\u0131z\u0131na yeti\u015femez oldu. \u0130nsano\u011flu paray\u0131 devreye koydu ve d\u00fcnya paran\u0131n ekseni etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ften olmal\u0131 ki, David Hume, Ahlak ve Politika \u00dczerine Makaleler<\/strong> (1741) adl\u0131 eserinde, “para ticaretin tekerleklerinin hareketini kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran ve kayganla\u015ft\u0131ran ya\u011fd\u0131r” demektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel kabul: Art\u0131k “paran\u0131n sat\u0131n alamayaca\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktur”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paran\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerde bor\u00e7, borcun oldu\u011fu yerde faizin olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen din\u00ee ve felsef\u00ee \u00f6nderler geli\u015fen bu durumu ele\u015ftirmi\u015f ve faize iyi g\u00f6zle bakmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Faizin panzehirin iman\/ahlak oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Ama kutsal metinler, din\u00ee kitap ve \u00f6nderler faizcili\u011fi ne kadar men etseler de, faiz k\u00fcresel boyutta yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131p k\u00f6k salmakla kalmay\u0131p, art\u0131k insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131, olmazsa olmazlar\u0131ndan olmu\u015f, din\u00ee metinlerdeki faize dair h\u00fck\u00fcmleri rafa kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Faiz, insanlar\u0131 dinden imandan uzakla\u015fmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran ve yoldan \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u201cya\u011f” olmu\u015ftur. Ve konu ciddi ciddi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ve ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Paran\u0131n devreye girmesinden y\u0131llar sonra Alman Georg Simmel, Paran\u0131n Felsefesi<\/strong>‘ni yazarak, “insan ile insan\u0131 bir araya” getiren anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 sorgulayarak paran\u0131n toplumsal ili\u015fkileri somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazma gereksinimini duymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn para ve faiz, bir madalyonun iki y\u00fcz\u00fc gibidir. Art\u0131k biri olmadan di\u011feri olmuyor. Ama toplum taraf\u0131ndan faizciler “kan emiciler” olarak nitelendiriliyor. En b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00e2hiler bile ayn\u0131 \u015feyi s\u00f6ylemektedir. Dante\u2019nin \u0130lahi Komedya<\/strong>\u2019s\u0131nda Cehennem\u2019in yedinci \u00e7emberinde \u201cpara canl\u0131s\u0131\u201d faizcilerin hapsolduklar\u0131n\u0131 yazmas\u0131 bo\u015funa de\u011fildir. William Shakespeare de, Venedik Taciri<\/strong>(*)<\/sup> adl\u0131 eserinde “bor\u00e7 para verenleri, talihsiz bor\u00e7lular\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131 emen kat\u0131ks\u0131z s\u00fcl\u00fckler\u201d olarak nitelendirmektedir. Bu nitelendirmelere g\u00f6re en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u201ckan emiciler\u201d ve \u201cs\u00fcl\u00fckler\u201d g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ku\u015fkusuz bankalar ya da bankac\u0131lard\u0131r. Ben yorumcular\u0131n yalanc\u0131s\u0131y\u0131m, baz\u0131 yorumculara g\u00f6re faiz ekonominin kan\u0131n\u0131 emerek beslenmektedir. Faiz oran\u0131 a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yani fazla kan emildi\u011finde ise ekonomi can \u00e7eki\u015fir bir duruma gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gelinen noktada art\u0131k kim ne derse desin, sanayi toplumu olman\u0131n bir sonucu olarak sermaye ve ticaretin geli\u015fmesiyle faiz, t\u00fcm ahlak\u00ee ve din\u00ee s\u00f6ylemlere kar\u015f\u0131n kendisini yasal olarak kabul ettirmi\u015ftir. Bat\u0131, faiz olay\u0131n\u0131 zaten ba\u015ftan kabullenmi\u015ftir. 1906’da Werner Sambart “Amerika, kapitalizmin cennetidir” diyerek. \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ise, faizi haram bellemi\u015f, ama “ye\u015fil sermaye” buna ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde \u00e7are \u00fcretmi\u015ftir: “K\u00e2r Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131”. Yani maskelenmi\u015f faizcilik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akl\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7\u0131kartmayal\u0131m: \u201c\u0130\u00e7imizde zehirli yabani otlar yeti\u015ftiren tehlikeli bir ahlak kirleticidir\u201d. Ve t\u00fcm kutsal metinlerde bunun \u015fahididir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tevrat<\/strong>\u2019ta Levililer 25: 37<\/strong>\u2019de; \u201cfaizle para vermeyeceksin. \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verdi\u011fin yiyecekten k\u00e2r almayacaks\u0131n\u201d. Ve Yasa 23: 19<\/strong>\u2019da; \u201cKarde\u015finize para, yiyecek ya da faiz getiren ba\u015fka bir \u015fey \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verdi\u011finizde, ondan faiz almayacaks\u0131n\u0131z\u201d diye yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hezekiel 18:13<\/strong>\u2019te ise;\u201cFaizle para verir, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00e2r g\u00fcder. B\u00f6yle biri ya\u015fayacak m\u0131? Hay\u0131r, ya\u015famayacak! B\u00fct\u00fcn bu i\u011fren\u00e7likleri yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclecektir. Onun kan\u0131ndan kendisi sorumlu olacakt\u0131r\u201d diye uyarmakla kal\u0131nmay\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6l\u00fcmle tehdit edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ncil<\/strong>\u2019de durum biraz daha yumu\u015fay\u0131p ruhaniyet kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Para ve faiz a\u00e7\u0131k olarak ifade edilmese dahi genel olarak zenginlik ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Markos 10: 20-22<\/strong> ve Luka 18: 8-19<\/strong>\u2019da \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n taraftarlar\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmay\u0131 aktaran k\u0131sm\u0131 buna \u00f6rnek verebilirim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130sa \u015fu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 verdi: \u2018Adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme, zina etme, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapma, yalan yere tan\u0131kl\u0131k etme, annene babana sayg\u0131 g\u00f6ster ve kom\u015funu kendin gibi sev.\u2019<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gen\u00e7 adam, \u2018Bunlar\u0131n hepsini yerine getirdim\u2019 dedi, \u2018daha ne eksi\u011fim var?\u2019<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130sa ona, \u2018E\u011fer eksiksiz olmak istersen, git, var\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funu sat, paras\u0131n\u0131 yoksullara ver; b\u00f6ylece g\u00f6klerde hazinen olur. Sonra gel, beni izle\u2019 der.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gen\u00e7 adam bu s\u00f6zleri i\u015fitince \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u00e7inde oradan uzakla\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok mal\u0131 vard\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/strong>\u2019da da bu konuda kesin h\u00fck\u00fcmler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Faizcilerin\/bankac\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Cehenneme gidece\u011fi \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve faiz haram k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. R\u00fbm S\u00fbresi<\/strong>\u2019nin 39. ayetinde; \u201c\u0130nsanlar\u0131n mallar\u0131 i\u00e7inde arts\u0131n diye faizle her ne verirseniz, Allah kat\u0131nda artmaz. Ama Allah\u2019\u0131n ho\u015fnutlu\u011funu isteyerek her ne zek\u00e2t verirseniz; i\u015fte bunu yapanlar sevaplar\u0131n\u0131 kat kat artt\u0131ranlard\u0131r\u201d denilmektedir. Bakara S\u00fbresi<\/strong>\u2019nin 275. ayetinde ise; \u201cFaiz yiyenler, ancak \u015feytan\u0131n \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimsenin kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kalkarlar. Bu, onlar\u0131n, \u201cAl\u0131\u015f veri\u015f de faiz gibidir\u201d demelerinden dolay\u0131d\u0131r. Oysa Allah al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi helal, faizi haram k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan b\u00f6yle kime Rabbinden bir \u00f6\u011f\u00fct gelir de (o \u00f6\u011f\u00fcte uyarak) faizden vazge\u00e7erse, art\u0131k \u00f6nceden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 onun olur. Durumu da Allah\u2019a kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Allah onu affeder.) Kim tekrar (faize) d\u00f6nerse, i\u015fte onlar cehennemliklerdir. Orada ebedi kalacaklard\u0131r\u201d diye uyarmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzakdo\u011fu ve Afrika\u2019daki dinler veya inan\u00e7lar\u0131n ise, bu konuda neler s\u00f6ylediklerini bilemiyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fcnya ile tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ya da d\u00fc\u015fledi\u011fimiz ideal d\u00fcnya aras\u0131ndaki faizin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini baz alarak soruyorum: Para m\u0131, iman m\u0131 daha kuvvetli bir etkiye sahiptir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne dersiniz?..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(*)<\/em> William Shakespeare, Venedik Taciri<\/strong>‘nde Yahudi taciri Shylock\u2019\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011finde ayn\u0131 zamanda Yahudi d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yapmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m bir k\u0131s\u0131m insan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na geldi\u011fi veya ho\u015funa gitti\u011fi i\u00e7in g\u00f6rmemezlikten gelinmekte, bir k\u0131s\u0131m insan da Shakespeare\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ezilmekte ya da b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn etkisiyle sesini \u00e7\u0131kartmaktan \u00e7ekinmektedir bence<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki site ve gazetelerde<\/strong>:
19 Ocak 2011 tarihinde www.sivildusunce.com,
19 Ocak 2011 tarihinde www.kritize.net,
19 Ocak 2011 tarihinde www.gonulsitesi.net,
20 Ocak 2011 tarihinde www.yeniyurtgazetesi.com,
20 Ocak 2011 tarihinde www.erganisoz.com da yay\u0131nland\u0131.
21 Ocak 2011 tarihinde http:\/\/www.kurdek.com\/?part=haberdetay&id=88476&sid=188994348 yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

Ahlak ve Politika \u00dczerine Makaleler (1741)<\/a>, <\/span>Bakara S\u00fbresi-275<\/a>, <\/span>Bor\u00e7<\/a>, <\/span>Dante<\/a>, <\/span>David Hume<\/a>, <\/span>Faiz<\/a>, <\/span>Faust<\/a>, <\/span>Georg Simmel<\/a>, <\/span>Hezekiel 18:13<\/a>, <\/span>\u0130lahi Komedya<\/a>, <\/span>\u0130man<\/a>, <\/span>Levililer 25: 37<\/a>, <\/span>Luka 18: 8-19<\/a>, <\/span>Markos 10: 20-22<\/a>, <\/span>Mustafa Durmu\u015f<\/a>, <\/span>para<\/a>, <\/span>Paran\u0131n Felsefesi<\/a>, <\/span>R\u00fbm S\u00fbresi-39<\/a>, <\/span>Venedik Tacir<\/a>, <\/span>Werner Sambart<\/a>, <\/span>William Shakespeare<\/a>, <\/span>Ye\u015fil Sermaye<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Merkez Bankas\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Durmu\u015f konu\u015ftu, faiz y\u00fckseldi. -15 Ocak 2011 tarihli gazeteler. Para, bor\u00e7 ve faiz \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan hayat\u00ee \u015feylerdir.Para, bor\u00e7 ve faiz daima \u201c\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc bir yerde\u201ddir.Bor\u00e7 faizin anas\u0131, para babas\u0131d\u0131r.Paran\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerde bor\u00e7, borcun oldu\u011fu yerde faiz vard\u0131r.Para, insan ili\u015fkilerinin en iyi taraf\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rabilecek bir nesne; faiz, toplumu soyup so\u011fana \u00e7evirecek bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.Para, insan\u0131 ba\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r, insanlar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri nesnele\u015ftirir. Faiz, insanlar\u0131n \u00f6nce g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, sonra k\u00f6lele\u015ftirip onursuzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.Ve para, her ulusun anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dilden konu\u015fur. Tarihe d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda insano\u011flunun paradan \u00f6nce ticareti ke\u015ffetti\u011fini, daha sonra da paray\u0131 ke\u015ffetti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Goethe\u2019nin, \u015feytan ruhlu Faust\u2019un a\u011fz\u0131ndan, \u201cBen soygun de\u011fil, de\u011fi\u015f-toku\u015f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[2384,2390,2379,2367,2382,2378,1375,2380,2386,2364,2381,2388,2389,2395,2383,633,2392,2391,2394,2387,2393,2385],"class_list":["post-5067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politika","tag-ahlak-ve-politika-uzerine-makaleler-1741","tag-bakara-suresi-275","tag-borc","tag-dante","tag-david-hume","tag-faiz","tag-faust","tag-georg-simmel","tag-hezekiel-1813","tag-ilahi-komedya","tag-iman","tag-levililer-25-37","tag-luka-18-8-19","tag-markos-10-20-22","tag-mustafa-durmus","tag-para","tag-paranin-felsefesi","tag-rum-suresi-39","tag-venedik-tacir","tag-werner-sambart","tag-william-shakespeare","tag-yesil-sermaye"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5067"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5067\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5068,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5067\/revisions\/5068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}