{"id":4926,"date":"2020-07-14T20:38:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-14T20:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4926"},"modified":"2023-07-01T11:07:50","modified_gmt":"2023-07-01T11:07:50","slug":"bolunme-ve-bolunmenin-acisiii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4926","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve \u201cB\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin Ac\u0131s\u0131\u201d(II)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesi: B\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve “B\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin Ac\u0131s\u0131” (I)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ge\u00e7en haftadan devam\u2026)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHindistan b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde alt k\u0131tada (Asya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde demek isteniyor-M.\u00dc.) yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz milyon M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ya\u015f\u0131yordu ve bu her be\u015f ki\u015fiden birine tekab\u00fcl ediyordu. Bunlardan altm\u0131\u015f milyonu, do\u011fuda ve bat\u0131da, Pakistan vatanda\u015f\u0131 olarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletini olu\u015fturdu; fakat Pakistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 binlerce kilometrelik Hindistan topraklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu. K\u0131rk milyon M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ise Hindistan\u2019da kalarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan bir \u00fclkede bulunan en b\u00fcy\u00fck M\u00fcsl\u00fcman az\u0131nl\u0131k haline geldi. Kimlik, toprak ve egemenlik aras\u0131ndaki par\u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterir ki, Hintli M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ortak bir inanca ve bir dini k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimli\u011fe sahip olmu\u015f olsa bile, ne tutarl\u0131 ve birle\u015fik bir siyasi d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne sahip homojen bir topluluk ne de belli bir co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgede ayr\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir topluluktu.\u201d (s.21)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cB\u00f6l\u00fcnme zaman\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczkaras\u0131yd\u0131.\u201d (s.147)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pakistanl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0130kbal Ahmet, 1947 b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinde \u00f6lenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u201cyar\u0131m milyonun alt\u0131nda\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtir ve devam\u0131nda ise \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapar: \u201cHat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m kadar\u0131yla yirmi iki milyon insan yerinden edildi, ba\u015fka yerlere ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131lar. Bug\u00fcne de\u011fin tarihte bilinen en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 budur.\u201d (Stuart Schaar, \u0130kbal Ahmet: Ele\u015ftirel Bir Yabanc\u0131, zoomkitap, 2016 \u0130stanbul, s.164)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSon birka\u00e7 ayda, ad\u0131na Hindistan denen bu topraklarda kan nehirleri \u00f6yle \u00e7ok akt\u0131 ki cennet bile hayrete d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u2026 Kan ve \u00e7elik, sava\u015f ve t\u00fcfek, insanl\u0131k tarihinde yeni de\u011fil. Adem\u2019in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 her zaman bu oyunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131. Ama insan\u0131n renkli tarihinin hi\u00e7bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda bu \u015fekilde biten bir oyunun bir \u00f6rne\u011fi daha yoktur.\u201d (s.17)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sat\u0131rlar da Urdu yazar\u0131 Saadat Hasan Manto\u2019ya aittir. Manto, 1947\u2019nin psikolojik travmas\u0131na yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131k olan biri olarak \u00f6yk\u00fclerinde b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin trajedisini konu edinerek edebiyat d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda sayg\u0131n yerini alm\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6yk\u00fc ustas\u0131d\u0131r. Zaman\u0131n kayd\u0131n\u0131 tutarcas\u0131na yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin s\u0131radan insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131ndaki etkilerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cManto\u2019nun hayat\u0131n\u0131 ve edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 incelemek bir tarih\u00e7iye b\u00f6l\u00fcnme olay\u0131 ve s\u00fcre\u00e7leri aras\u0131ndaki karma\u015f\u0131k ili\u015fkiye de\u011finmek i\u00e7in al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bir yol sunar.\u201d (ABD) Tufts \u00dcniversitesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde profes\u00f6r ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Manto\u2019nun ye\u011feni olan Ayesha Jalal bu yolu izleyerek, b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin tarihini ve yak\u0131c\u0131 tabloyu anlatmak i\u00e7in Manto\u2019nun hayat\u0131 ile birlikte \u00f6yk\u00fc, oyun, makale ve mektuplar\u0131ndan yararlanarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ve duygusal bir dokunu\u015fla sonradan B\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin Ac\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>(*)<\/sup> kitab\u0131n\u0131 yazar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jalal, (benim bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 yazmama neden olan) kitab\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin son y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n 1947\u2019de b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinin bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, kaosunu ve \u015fiddetini g\u00f6zlemleyen ve yorumlayan Manto\u2019nun bilgilendirici bir portresini sunar. Ama bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmaz, b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelere b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl ve derinlemesine bak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ister ve hat\u0131rlat\u0131r: \u201cHindistan, Pakistan ve Banglade\u015f\u2019i tam olarak anlayabilmek i\u00e7in b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin bu \u00fclkelerin kendini tan\u0131mlamas\u0131, siyasi \u00e7eki\u015fmeleri ve ulusal \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleri \u00fczerindeki kal\u0131c\u0131 etkisini b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle kavramak gerekir.\u201d (s.20)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyi bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn belirli par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rmas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlayabiliriz. Siyasi anlamda -Hindistan \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi- b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler iki tarafl\u0131 keskin bir b\u0131\u00e7ak gibidir. B\u00f6l\u00fcnen iki tarafa da zarar verebilir. Tabi zorla ilhak etme, bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutman\u0131n da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde taraflara zarar verece\u011fi a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. Bu nedenle, ayr\u0131lma ya da birlik olu\u015fturma durumlar\u0131nda ortak yarar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en makbul olan\u0131 adil, demokratik ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l yollar\u0131n denenmesidir. Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve \u015fiddet yoluyla de\u011fil, tart\u0131\u015fma ve m\u00fczakere yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Nedeni, her ulusun kendi kaderini kendisinin belirleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n var olu\u015fudur. Bu, kabul g\u00f6ren genel bir ilkedir. Uluslararas\u0131 hukukun gere\u011fi, uluslar\/halklar isterlerse birlikte olma (\u00fcniter ya da federasyon, konfederasyon, eyalet \u015feklinde), isterlerse ayr\u0131l\u0131p kendi y\u00f6netimini olu\u015fturma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Birlikte ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n da her zaman bo\u015fanma haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Olmas\u0131 gereken de budur. Ama ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131yla bu kolay kolay ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin mevcut pozisyonu ve konjonkt\u00fcrel durum genelde belirleyici olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bu korona g\u00fcnlerinde okuyaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kitap listesine B\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin Ac\u0131s\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 da eklesek bence iyi olur. Okudu\u011fumuzda, edebiyat ve tarih aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan uyumun yan\u0131nda bir yazar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnme esnas\u0131nda yarat\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde zaman\u0131n kayd\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l tuttu\u011funa dair nadir bir kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131n izlerini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

(*) Ayesha Jalal, B\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin Ac\u0131s\u0131, \u00c7ev:Burak Demiryakan, zoomkitap, 2015 \u0130stanbul, 228 sayfa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde<\/strong>:
https:\/\/www.tigrishaber.com\/bolunme-ve-bolunmenin-acisi-ii-4188yy.htm
http:\/\/www.ruhanews.com\/kose-yazisi\/481\/bolunme-ve-bolunmenin-acisi-ii.html
https:\/\/www.gaphaberleri.com\/kose-yazisi\/715\/bolunme-ve-bolunmenin-acisi-ii.html
https:\/\/www.erganihaber.net\/kose-yazisi\/1376\/bolunme-ve-bolunmenin-acisi-ii.html
yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n
Ayesha Jalal<\/a>, <\/span>Banglade\u015f<\/a>, <\/span>B\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin Ac\u0131s\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>\u00c7ev:Burak Demiryakan<\/a>, <\/span>Hindistan<\/a>, <\/span>\u0130kbal Ahmet<\/a>, <\/span>Pakistan<\/a>, <\/span>Saadat Hasan Manto<\/a>, <\/span>zoomkitap<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesi: B\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve “B\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin Ac\u0131s\u0131” (I) (Ge\u00e7en haftadan devam\u2026) \u201cHindistan b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde alt k\u0131tada (Asya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde demek isteniyor-M.\u00dc.) yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz milyon M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ya\u015f\u0131yordu ve bu her be\u015f ki\u015fiden birine tekab\u00fcl ediyordu. Bunlardan altm\u0131\u015f milyonu, do\u011fuda ve bat\u0131da, Pakistan vatanda\u015f\u0131 olarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletini olu\u015fturdu; fakat Pakistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 binlerce kilometrelik Hindistan topraklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu. K\u0131rk milyon M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ise Hindistan\u2019da kalarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan bir \u00fclkede bulunan en b\u00fcy\u00fck M\u00fcsl\u00fcman az\u0131nl\u0131k haline geldi. Kimlik, toprak ve egemenlik aras\u0131ndaki par\u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterir ki, Hintli M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ortak bir inanca ve bir dini k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimli\u011fe sahip olmu\u015f olsa bile, ne tutarl\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1064],"tags":[2203,2216,2208,2205,2204,1344,2213,2215,438],"class_list":["post-4926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","tag-ayesha-jalal","tag-banglades","tag-bolunmenin-acisi","tag-cevburak-demiryakan","tag-hindistan","tag-ikbal-ahmet","tag-pakistan","tag-saadat-hasan-manto","tag-zoomkitap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4926"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4926\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6571,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4926\/revisions\/6571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}