{"id":4901,"date":"1991-11-25T15:39:00","date_gmt":"1991-11-25T15:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4901"},"modified":"2023-05-18T15:52:32","modified_gmt":"2023-05-18T15:52:32","slug":"atesci-ve-kalorifercinin-el-kitabi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4901","title":{"rendered":"Ate\u015f\u00e7i ve Kalorifercinin El Kitab\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez, Kendi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Kas\u0131m, 1991, \u0130stanbul, 142 sayfa.
(1.Bask\u0131: 1991, 2.Bask\u0131: 1994)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SUNU\u015e<\/strong>
Haz\u0131rlanan bu kitapta kat\u0131 (k\u00f6m\u00fcr), s\u0131v\u0131 (fuel-oil) ve gaz (do\u011falgaz) yak\u0131tlar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0131s\u0131tma tesislerini kullanacak olanlara gerekli bilgiler sunulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Do\u011fal gaz\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llar \u0130stanbul’da ilk kez kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanacak olmas\u0131, \u015fimdiye kadar d\u00fczenlenen ate\u015f\u00e7i, kaloriferci kurslar\u0131nda do\u011fal gaz hakk\u0131nda kursiyerlere bilgi verilmeyi\u015fi, ate\u015f\u00e7i ve kalorifercilerin bu konuda yeterli bilgi ve tecr\u00fcbeye sahip olmamalar\u0131 nedenlerinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc kitapta, do\u011falgaz ve do\u011falgaz yakma sistemleri, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nleriyle tan\u0131t\u0131lmak istenmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u015fin gere\u011fi \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun mevzuat hakk\u0131nda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131na tan\u0131k oldu\u011fum i\u00e7in mevzuat\u0131 da kitaba alarak yasal y\u00f6nden ate\u015f\u00e7i ve kalorifercilerin uymalar\u0131 gereken y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri belirtmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.
Bu kitap, ate\u015f\u00e7i-kaloriferci kurslar\u0131na kat\u0131lacak olanlara ve kazan dairelerinde bug\u00fcn bu i\u015fi fiilen yapanlara az da olsa yard\u0131mc\u0131 olursa, bir \u00e7evreci ve kurs \u00f6\u011fretmeni olarak mutluluk duyar\u0131m.
Kurs \u00f6\u011fretmeni olarak g\u00f6revlendirildi\u011fim i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na, \u00c7evre Koruma ve Kontrol M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’ne, kurs s\u00fcresince bana her konuda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan Zeytinburnu Halk E\u011fitimi Merkezi M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’ne; ayr\u0131ca beni kurs \u00f6\u011fretmeni olarak \u00f6neren, bu kitab\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bas\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015fvik eden say\u0131n m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcm Ethem Ruhi \u00d6ne\u015f’e ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 te\u015fekk\u00fcr eder, t\u00fcm kursiyerlere ba\u015far\u0131 ve mutluluklar dilerim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25 Kas\u0131m 1991
M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez
Kurs \u00d6\u011fretmeni<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 BASKIYA G\u0130RERKEN<\/strong>
Kat\u0131 (k\u00f6m\u00fcr), s\u0131v\u0131 (fuel-oil) ve gaz (do\u011falgaz) yak\u0131tlar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0131s\u0131tma ama\u00e7l\u0131 yakma tesislerinde Kalorifer Ate\u015f\u00e7isi olan veya olmak isteyenlerin bilin\u00e7lenmesini ama\u00e7layan bu kitab\u0131n, birinci bask\u0131s\u0131nda azda olsa gerekli katk\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131nday\u0131m. \u00c7evre bilincinin geli\u015fmesi, \u0130stanbul’da hava kirlili\u011finin her g\u00fcn tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmas\u0131, ate\u015f\u00e7i ve kalorifercilerin e\u011fitim d\u00fczeylerinin \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu gibi nedenlerle, \u00f6rne\u011finde tek olan bu kitab\u0131n daha geni\u015f, daha yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve beklenen ilgiyi g\u00f6rece\u011fine inanmaktay\u0131m.
MEB \u00c7\u0131rakl\u0131k ve Yayg\u0131n E\u011fitim Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’ne ba\u011fl\u0131 Halk E\u011fitim Merkezi M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri “Kalorifer Ate\u015f\u00e7i Kurslar\u0131”n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedirler. Kurslarda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olanlara “Yetkili Kalorifer Ate\u015f\u00e7i Belgesi” verilmektedir. Bug\u00fcn \u0130stanbul’un hemen hemen t\u00fcm il\u00e7elerinde Halk E\u011fitim Merkezi M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda bu kurslar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve geni\u015f bir kursiyer kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. 1980 Genel N\u00fcfus Say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul’da 360.678 ev, 617.326 apartman, 84.944 gecekondu, 938 \u00e7ad\u0131r ve baraka olmak \u00fczere 1.063.886 oturma yeri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yine D\u0130E 1984 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul’da 455.348 konut, 51.127 i\u015fyeri, 3.264 resmi bina, 1.312 di\u011ferleri olmak \u00fczere toplam 510.979 bina bulunmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu say\u0131sal de\u011ferler hemen hemen 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde ka\u00e7 binada kalorifer tesisat\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda elimizde bilgi bulunmamakta, ama yukar\u0131daki rakamlar sorunun ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Zaman i\u00e7inde kaloriferli binalar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcndeki yak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 e\u011fitmek gerekmektedir.
\u0130stanbul’a yeni yeni giren do\u011falgaz ve \u0130l Mahalli \u00c7evre Kurulu Karar\u0131 ile 01.07.1993 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren kat\u0131 yak\u0131tlara ili\u015fkin getirilen yasaklar ve kriterlere hem apartman ve tesis y\u00f6neticilerince, hem ate\u015f\u00e7i-kalorifercilerce ve hem de kontrol makamlar\u0131nca azami dikkat gereklidir. En az kirletici yak\u0131t bile uygun teknik y\u00f6ntemlerle yak\u0131lmazsa, tekni\u011fine uygun yak\u0131lan \u00e7ok kirletici yak\u0131ttan daha tehlikeli olabilir.
Standartlara uygun yakma teknikleri ve ate\u015f\u00e7i-kalorifercilerin e\u011fitimi konular\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem veren ve bu kitab\u0131n 2. bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n telif hakk\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n alan Gen\u00e7 Maden \u0130\u015fletmecileri Derne\u011fi’ne, dernek y\u00f6netici ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ile t\u00fcm kalorifer ate\u015f\u00e7i kursiyerlerine ba\u015far\u0131lar dilerim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 Kas\u0131m 1993
M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez
Kimya M\u00fchendisi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GEMAD-GEN\u00c7 MADEN \u0130\u015eLETMEC\u0130LER\u0130 DERNE\u011e\u0130<\/strong>
Derne\u011fimiz, \u0130stanbul ili s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ba\u015fta maden k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc olmak \u00fczere, kuvars kumu ve kil \u00fcretimi yapan maden i\u015fletmecileri taraf\u0131ndan 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur.
Ayr\u0131ca \u00fcye firmalar \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki sahalarda da krom’dan manyezit’e kadar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli madenlerin \u00fcretimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedirler.
\u0130stanbul ili s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki maden k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fcretimi, kentin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fal sonucu olan enerji gereksinimi sebebiyle \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arzetmektedir. 1950’li y\u0131llardan beri s\u00fcregelen \u00fcretim, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck kentin enerji problemine en \u00e7ok k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131nda dahi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getirmi\u015ftir. 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan petrol krizi sonucunda yerli enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, gaz ya\u011f\u0131 sobalar\u0131 yerini k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc sobalara, fuel-oil’li kalorifer kazanlar\u0131 yerini k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc kazanlara b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u00c7\u0131\u011f gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir megapol’\u00fcn yak\u0131n\u0131nda b\u00f6ylesi bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n ne b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fans oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Navlun maliyetinin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelecek k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin halka maliyetinin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Y\u0131llardan beri s\u00fcren \u00fcretim ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir navlun \u00f6demesi ile \u0130stanbul’un enerji gereksinimine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmu\u015f, b\u00f6ylece bir kamu g\u00f6revi \u00fcstlenilmi\u015ftir.
Maden i\u015fletmecili\u011fi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zveri ve m\u00fccadele gerektiren bir u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lgede, 50’li y\u0131llardan bug\u00fcne dek y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen madencilik faaliyetlerinden, milli ekonomiye kazand\u0131r\u0131lan de\u011ferlerin yan\u0131nda, y\u00f6re halk\u0131 da madencili\u011fin getirdi\u011fi bu hareketlilikten b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ekonomik ve sosyal fayda sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ne yaz\u0131k ki madencilik faaliyetlerini y\u00f6nlendiren yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin birbiri ile \u00e7eli\u015fkileri, yeterli kadro ve kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcbirlik kararlar ve bazen de yasal olmayan tasarruflarla y\u00f6netme e\u011filimleri, sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken madencili\u011fi menfi etkilemektedir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu olumsuzluklara ra\u011fmen, y\u00f6re madencileri, \u0130stanbul kentinin yakacak ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r alternatifsiz kar\u015f\u0131lamaya devam etmektedir.
\u0130stanbul b\u00f6lgesinde \u00fcretilen k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin %80’inin analiz de\u011ferleri, ortalamalar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle verilebilir:
Rutubet\u2026\u2026……….: %10-18 (havada kuru)
K\u00fcl\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026…………: %9-12
Yanar k\u00fck\u00fcrt\u2026…: %0,5-1,5 max.
Kalorifik de\u011fer…: 3800-4500 kcal.\/kg. (havada kuru)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu de\u011ferler \u0130l Mahalli \u00c7evre Kurulu’nun 31.3.1993 tarih ve 3 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda istenen standartlara uygundur.
\u0130stanbul b\u00f6lgesinde madencilik faaliyetleri ile y\u0131lda teshinde kullan\u0131labilir nitelikte 4-4,5 milyon ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretilmekte, buna kar\u015f\u0131n 100 milyon m 3 civar\u0131nda hafriyat yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
Bu madencilik faaliyetleri ile b\u00f6lgede 500 i\u015f makinas\u0131, 1600 kamyon ile direkt ve dolayl\u0131 olarak 50.000 ki\u015fiye i\u015f alan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkeye kazand\u0131r\u0131lan katma de\u011fer y\u0131ll\u0131k 1,5 trilyon TL civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir ki\u015finin istihdam\u0131 i\u00e7in kamu ve \u00f6zel kesimin 800 milyon TL’lik bir yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu miktarda k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn ithal edilmesi halinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 trilyon TL kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6viz kayb\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu rakamlar yap\u0131lan i\u015fin sosyal ve ekonomik faydas\u0131n\u0131n ne boyutta oldu\u011funun \u00e7ok \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6stergesidir.
\u0130stanbul’da k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lan b\u00f6lgenin jeolojik, morfolojik ve teknolojik yap\u0131s\u0131; a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletmecilik metodunu mecbur k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u00d6nceki y\u0131llarda yer alt\u0131 i\u015fletmecili\u011fi denenmi\u015f ancak ba\u015far\u0131 ve ekonomiklik sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)
Arazinin jeolojik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi zorunluluklarla birlikte, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada madencili\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ekonomikli\u011fi ve de teknolojideki geli\u015fmelere paralel olarak a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme metodu, yer alt\u0131 metoduna tercih edilmektedir.
B\u00f6lgemizde de zorunluluklardan do\u011fan bu \u00fcretim seviyesine ula\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme metodu uygulanmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.
A\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme uygulamalar\u0131nda, yer alt\u0131 zenginlikleri insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hizmetine sunulurken, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta topografyan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi zorunludur. Ancak, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada \u00f6zellikle de geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde oldu\u011fu gibi madencilik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla bozulan arazinin son kullan\u0131m \u015feklinin tespit edilmesiyle, arzulanan amaca uygun d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131larak, suni g\u00f6ller, koruluklar, rekreasyon alanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve yeniden insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hizmetine sunulmas\u0131, hatta eskisinden de g\u00fczel ve kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 hale getirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ve b\u00f6lgemizde de bu anlamda uygulamalara ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lgemiz madencileri b\u00f6yle bir metropol\u00fcn hayati \u00f6nemdeki enerji gereksinimini kar\u015f\u0131larken, zorunlu olarak de\u011fi\u015fen \u00e7evrenin yeniden insanl\u0131\u011fa kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin bilincindedir. Bu inan\u00e7la \u00fclkemizde ilk, ciddi madencilik sonras\u0131 arazi rehabilitasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yine b\u00f6lgemizde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 1.100 hektarl\u0131k alan d\u00fczeltilerek 3 milyon 100 bin yaprakl\u0131 ve 650 bin ibreli fidan olmak \u00fczere toplam 3.750 bin fidan dikilerek a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u0130stanbul civar\u0131ndaki Maden \u0130\u015fletmecilerinin faaliyetleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla ormanl\u0131k alan i\u00e7erisinde kalmaktad\u0131r. Genellikle bozuk, baltal\u0131k ve makilik cinsindeki ormanlar, k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi sayesinde yok olmamakta, aksine korunmaktad\u0131r. Zira k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde kentin yakacak ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n odunla kar\u015f\u0131lanacak olmas\u0131, bu ormanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u0131sa zamanda t\u00fckenmesi anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bir hektar sahadan yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 bin ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretilmektedir. Ayn\u0131 alandan bu t\u00fcr verimsiz ormanlardan ancak 180-210 ton yakacak odun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmektedir.
Yine madencilik faaliyeti esnas\u0131nda olu\u015fan, derin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ukurluluklar muhafaza edilerek, suni \u00e7\u00f6kertme g\u00f6letleri olarak yeniden tesis edilmekte ve bu sayede hafif materyallerin erozyonla ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenmektedir. Bu g\u00f6ller suk\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 rekreasyon alanlar\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmekte ve suni bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u015eu anda tesis edilen 50 d\u00f6n\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki iki g\u00f6lde ortalama 1 kg b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 500 bin adet aynal\u0131 sazan \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra bu g\u00f6ller sportif bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131r. A\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu havzada 20 adet g\u00f6let tesisi planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu g\u00f6letlerde yay\u0131n, kerevit gibi su \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin de \u00fcretilmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.
Bu yoldaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar kesintisiz s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmekte olup, madencilik faaliyetleri sonucunda a\u00e7\u0131lan alanlar rehabilite edilerek yeniden kullan\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Yak\u0131n gelecekte \u0130stanbul’un soluk alaca\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2nlar yaratmaktan duyaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u0131vanc\u0131n heyecan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktay\u0131z.
Ayr\u0131ca \u015fehirlerin hava kirlili\u011finde kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz yakacaklar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc oldu\u011fu herkes\u00e7e bilinmektedir.
Genel olarak \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi ve ba\u011fl\u0131 olarakta hava kirlili\u011fine \u00e7arp\u0131k kentle\u015fme, d\u00fczensiz yerle\u015fim, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 trafik y\u00fck\u00fc, \u00e7ok katl\u0131 binalarla hava koridorlar\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesi, sanayiinin kent i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131 ve kontrol edilememesi, \u00e7\u00f6p alanlar\u0131ndaki emisyonlar\u0131n kontrol d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131, merkezi yakma sistemlerinin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131, binalarda \u0131s\u0131 izolasyonunun dikkat edilmemesi, ve en \u00f6nemlisi de standart d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yakma sistemlerinde (kalorifer ve sobalar) her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yak\u0131t\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131, halk\u0131n konulan kurallara uymamas\u0131, yasak edilmesine kar\u015f\u0131n petrokok, yan\u0131k ya\u011f, pet \u015fi\u015fe, y\u00fcksek k\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc fuel-oil (6 No’lu) ve \u0130l Mahalli \u00c7evre Kurulu’nun 31.3.1993 tarih ve 3 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ve men\u015fe belgesine sahip olmayan standart d\u0131\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin yak\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli konulara \u00fcretici ve t\u00fcketicilerin tam anlam\u0131yla uymamas\u0131 ve kontrollerinde yeterince yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r.
\u0130stanbul b\u00f6lgesi k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin %80’lik k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0130l Mahalli \u00c7evre Kurulu kararlar\u0131nda aranan standartlara uygundur. Belirlenen kurallar i\u00e7inde mutlaka MEN\u015eE BELGES\u0130NE dayal\u0131 olarak sat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
Hava kirlili\u011fini \u00f6nlemek ve halk\u0131n bilin\u00e7lenmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla, GEMAD, \u0130l H\u0131fz\u0131s\u0131hha Kurumu’nca hava \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri yap\u0131lan aletlerden ayn\u0131 teknik ve ayn\u0131 kalibrasyonda 20 adet \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihaz\u0131 yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve her g\u00fcn 20 ayr\u0131 merkezde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu de\u011ferleri de gerekti\u011finde bas\u0131n yoluyla kamuoyuna duyuracakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, derne\u011fimiz \u00fcyelerinden M\u0130L-TEN grubu, an\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yapan gezici bir hava \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihaz\u0131 ithal ederek, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere devreye sokmu\u015ftur.
Enerjisiz bir ya\u015fam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Ne yaz\u0131k ki enerji \u00fcretiminde de, t\u00fcketiminde de \u00e7evre kirlenmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Ancak aslolan, enerjinin \u00fcretiminde ve t\u00fcketiminde do\u011fru se\u00e7imler yaparak optimum fayday\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve \u00e7evreyi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca az kirletmektir. Bu da toplumun bilin\u00e7lenmesi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
Enerji temininde \u00f6nceliklerin yerli kaynaklara verilmesi, hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz \u00fclkemiz ve halk\u0131m\u0131z yarar\u0131na olacak bir tercihtir.
\u00dclkemizde \u0131s\u0131nma ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lacak yeterli k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervi ve \u00fcretim vard\u0131r. Bu k\u00f6m\u00fcrler ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla incelendi\u011finde milyonlarca d\u00f6viz \u00f6denerek ithal edilen k\u00f6m\u00fcrlere e\u015fde\u011fer niteliktedirler. \u00d6zellikle \u0130stanbul, Soma ve Tun\u00e7bilek b\u00f6lgesi k\u00f6m\u00fcrleri \u0131s\u0131nma ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131labilecek en y\u00fcksek kalitelere sahip k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerdir.
Ayr\u0131ca yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcrler, fiyat\u0131 ve temini a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcre kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaja sahiptir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki: E\u011fer yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcr, ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcr kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rsa, kuru bazda yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin ortalama kalorifik de\u011feri, 5000-5500 kcal\/kg., ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin ki ise yine kuru bazda 6000-6500 kcal\/kg’d\u0131r.
Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn t\u00fcketici maliyeti 43 $, ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn maliyeti ise asgari 95 $ d\u0131r. Kalori baz\u0131nda yap\u0131lan mukayesede 1 kalori i\u00e7in t\u00fcketici yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcre 43:5000=0,0086 $, ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcre ise 95:6000=0,0158 $ \u00f6der. Bu da yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin, ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcre g\u00f6re kalori ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00fczde y\u00fcze yak\u0131n ucuz oldu\u011funun somut bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Halk\u0131m\u0131z tercihini bu de\u011ferlendirmeye g\u00f6re de yapmak zorundad\u0131r.
Derne\u011fimiz, yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olan Maden Dergisi’nde, toplumu enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131nda tasarrufa y\u00f6nlendirme, \u00e7evreyi koruma ve do\u011frular\u0131 bulmaya y\u00f6neltme gayretlerinin yan\u0131nda, enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131nda dikkat edilecek hususlar\u0131, t\u00fcketici ve kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilin\u00e7lendirecek olan, bu yay\u0131n\u0131 desteklemekle \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen kamu g\u00f6revini de yerine getirdi\u011fi inanc\u0131ndad\u0131r.
Sayg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GEMAD
Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131
Cemil \u00d6KTEN<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00c7\u0130NDEK\u0130LER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ate\u015f\u00e7i-Kaloriferci Kurslar\u0131n\u0131n Amac\u0131<\/strong>
Sunu\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong>
Hava Kirlili\u011fi, Baz\u0131 Kavram ve Tan\u0131mlar, Is\u0131tma Tesisleriyle \u0130lgili Genel Bilgiler
I. Hava Kirlili\u011fi \u0130le \u0130lgili K\u0131sa Bilgiler<\/strong>
I.1. Hava kirlili\u011fi ve nedenleri
I.2. Hava kirlili\u011finin etkileri
I.3 Hava kirlili\u011finin \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in getirilen \u00f6nlemler
I.4. Hava kirlili\u011fi ile ilgili mevzuat
I.5. Dikkat: Ate\u015f\u00e7i ve y\u00f6neticilerin mevzuat gere\u011fi uymalar\u0131 gereken hususlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Ate\u015f\u00e7inin Bilmesi Gereken Baz\u0131 Kavram ve Tan\u0131mlar<\/strong>
II.1. Yak\u0131t
II.2. Is\u0131
II.3. Yanma
II.4. S\u0131cakl\u0131k
II.5. Kalori
II.6. Is\u0131l de\u011fer
II.7. Kalorifer
II.8. Kaloriferci
II.9. Tesis (tesisat)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Is\u0131nma Tesisleriyle \u0130lgili Genel Bilgiler<\/strong>
III.1. Is\u0131nmaya neden ihtiya\u00e7 duyulur
III.2. Is\u0131tma tesisleri
III.2.a. S\u0131cak sulu \u0131s\u0131tma tesisleri
III.2.b. Buharl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tma tesisleri
III.3. Is\u0131tma tesisinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca par\u00e7alar\u0131
III.3.a. Kazan ve \u00e7e\u015fitleri
III.3.b. Kazan\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve par\u00e7alar\u0131
III.3.c. Kazan\u0131n kontrol ve emniyet cihazlar\u0131
III.4. Kazanlar\u0131n temizlenmesi
III.4.a. D\u00f6kme demir dilimli kazanlar\u0131n temizlenmesi
III.4.b. Yar\u0131m silindirik ve silindirik kazanlar\u0131n temizlenmesi
III.4.c. Y\u00fcksek verimli kazanlar\u0131n temizlenmesi
III.5. Kazana su verilmesi
III.5.a. S\u0131cak sulu kazana su verilmesi
III.5.b. Buharl\u0131 kazana su verilmesi
III.6. D\u0131\u015f hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re kazan suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayarlanmas\u0131
III.7. Kazan patlamalar\u0131
III.8. Bacan\u0131n g\u00f6revi-baca \u00e7eki\u015fi ve temizli\u011fi
III.9. Kazan dairesinde kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7ler
III.10. Kazan dairesinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli hususlar
III.11. Kazanlar ve bir de\u011ferlendirme
III.12. Dikkat: Kazan dairesinde ate\u015f\u00e7inin uymas\u0131 gereken sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong>
K\u00f6m\u00fcrle \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Is\u0131tma Tesislerinin \u0130\u015fletilmesi ve Bak\u0131m\u0131
I. Kat\u0131 Yak\u0131tlardan Olan K\u00f6m\u00fcr Hakk\u0131nda Genel Bilgiler<\/strong>
I.1. K\u00f6m\u00fcr nedir? \u00d6zellikleri ve \u00e7e\u015fitleri
I.2. K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn i\u015flenmesi
I.3. K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn depolanmas\u0131 (stoklanmas\u0131)
I.4. K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn depoda kendili\u011finden tutu\u015fmas\u0131
I.5. K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn yak\u0131lmas\u0131
I.6. K\u00f6m\u00fcr yakma sistemleri
II. Ate\u015f\u00e7i Tak\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong>
III. K\u00f6m\u00fcr Kazan\u0131n\u0131n Yak\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong>
III.1. \u00c7elik alev-duman borulu kazanlarda yakma i\u015flemleri
III.1.a. Kazan\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131
III.1.b. Kazan\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck yak\u0131\u015f\u0131
III.1.c. Kazan\u0131n beslenmesi
III.1.d. Kazan ate\u015finin d\u00fczenlenmesi (oca\u011fa s\u00fcng\u00fc vurulmas\u0131)
III.1.e. Kazan\u0131n uyutulmas\u0131 (bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131)
III.1.f. Kazan\u0131n uyand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131
III.2. Sekonder haval\u0131 d\u00f6kme demir dilimli kazanlarda yakma i\u015flemleri
III.2.a. Kazan\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131
III.2.b. Kazan\u0131n beslenmesi
III.2.c. Kazan\u0131n uyutulmas\u0131
III.2.d. Kazan\u0131n uyand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131
IV. Bak\u0131m<\/strong>
IV.a. Is\u0131tma tesisinin bak\u0131m\u0131
IV.b. Kazan dairesi, baca ve gaz kanallar\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131
IV.c. Kazan\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131
V. K\u00f6m\u00fcr Kazan\u0131n\u0131 Yakma Talimat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong>
S\u0131v\u0131 Yak\u0131tla \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Is\u0131tma Tesislerinin \u0130\u015fletilmesi ve Bak\u0131m\u0131
I. S\u0131v\u0131 Yak\u0131tla \u0130lgili Genel Bilgiler<\/strong>
I.1. S\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131t nedir?
I.2. Ham petrol nedir
I.3. Ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k nedir, viskozite nedir?
I.4. Alev alma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (fla\u015f boy) nedir?
I.5. Yanma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya yanma noktas\u0131 nedir?
I.6. Parlama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kendi kendine tutu\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedir?
II. Is\u0131tma Tesislerinde Kullan\u0131lan S\u0131v\u0131 Yak\u0131tlar<\/strong>
III. S\u0131v\u0131 Yak\u0131t Yakma Tesisat\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Par\u00e7alar\u0131<\/strong>
III.1. Ana yak\u0131t deposu (tank\u0131)
III.2. G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc yak\u0131t deposu (tank\u0131)
III.3. Yak\u0131t pompas\u0131
III.4. Yak\u0131t filtresi
III.5. Termostatik ayar vanas\u0131
III.6. Kontrol cihazlar\u0131
III.7. Yanma odas\u0131 ve yanma h\u00fccresi
III.8. Kumanda tablosu (panosu)
III.9. Br\u00fcl\u00f6r (yak\u0131c\u0131)
III.9.a. Br\u00fcl\u00f6r \u00e7e\u015fitleri ve bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmeli br\u00fcl\u00f6rler
III.9.b. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmeli br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131
III.9.c. Br\u00fcl\u00f6r kapasitesi
III.9.d. Br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi
III.9.e. Br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fcn baz\u0131 ar\u0131zalar\u0131 ve bu ar\u0131zalar\u0131n giderilmesi
III.9.f. Br\u00fcl\u00f6rl\u00fc \u0131s\u0131tma tesisat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve bak\u0131m talimat\u0131
III.9.h. Fuel-oil br\u00fcl\u00f6rlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve bak\u0131m talimat\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00d6RD\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong>
Do\u011falgazla \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Is\u0131tma Tesislerinin \u0130\u015fletilmesi ve Bak\u0131m\u0131
I. Do\u011falgaz Nedir?
II. Do\u011falgaz \u0130le \u0130lgili Kavram ve Tan\u0131mlar
II. a. Tesisatla ilgili kavram ve tan\u0131mlar
II. b. Gazla ilgili kavramlar
III. Do\u011falgaz Kontrol ve Emniyet Cihazlar\u0131
III.1. Hava besleme kontrol sistemleri
III.2. Gaz besleme kontrol sistemleri
III.3. Alev kontrol\u00fc
III.4. Is\u0131 kontrol\u00fc
IV. Do\u011falgaz\u0131n \u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fckleri
V. Do\u011falgaz\u0131n Sak\u0131ncalar\u0131
VI. Do\u011falgaz\u0131n Konutlarda Kullan\u0131m\u0131
VII. Kazan D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri
VIII. Do\u011falgaz\u0131n Emniyet A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Baz\u0131 \u00d6zellikleri
IX. Do\u011falgazl\u0131 Kalorifer Dairelerinde Gerekli \u015eartlar
X. Do\u011falgaz Br\u00fcl\u00f6rleri (Yak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131)
X.A. Do\u011falgaz Br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fc Se\u00e7iminde Dikkat Edilecek Hususlar
X.B. Do\u011falgaz Br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fc Ana Elamanlar\u0131 ve Aksesuarlar\u0131
X.C. Do\u011falgaz Br\u00fcl\u00f6rlerinin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6zellikleri
X.D. Do\u011falgaz Br\u00fcl\u00f6rlerinin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Prensipleri
XI. D\u00f6kme Dilimli Do\u011falgaz Yak\u0131tl\u0131 Kazanlar\u0131n Kontrol, Bak\u0131m ve Temizlenmesi
XII. Kazanlar\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc
XIII. Do\u011falgaz Kazanlar\u0131 ve Kazan Daireleri Genel Bak\u0131m ve G\u00fcvenlik Kurallar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BE\u015e\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong>
Kalorifer, Kaloriferci, Kap\u0131c\u0131, Kazan, Kazan Dairesi ve Mevzuat
I. \u0130mar Kanunu
II. \u0130stanbul \u0130mar Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi ve Tadili
III. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc
IV. \u0130\u015f Kanunu
V. \u0130stanbul Belediye Teknik Talimat\u0131
VI. \u0130stanbul Belediye Zab\u0131ta Talimatnamesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ALTINCI B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong>
Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Bilgiler
1. Genel \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenlik Talimat\u0131
2. \u0130tfaiye Yang\u0131n Emniyet Talimat\u0131
3. \u00d6nemli Telefonlar
4. Kaynak\u00e7a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez, Kendi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Kas\u0131m, 1991, \u0130stanbul, 142 sayfa.(1.Bask\u0131: 1991, 2.Bask\u0131: 1994) SUNU\u015eHaz\u0131rlanan bu kitapta kat\u0131 (k\u00f6m\u00fcr), s\u0131v\u0131 (fuel-oil) ve gaz (do\u011falgaz) yak\u0131tlar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0131s\u0131tma tesislerini kullanacak olanlara gerekli bilgiler sunulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Do\u011fal gaz\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llar \u0130stanbul’da ilk kez kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanacak olmas\u0131, \u015fimdiye kadar d\u00fczenlenen ate\u015f\u00e7i, kaloriferci kurslar\u0131nda do\u011fal gaz hakk\u0131nda kursiyerlere bilgi verilmeyi\u015fi, ate\u015f\u00e7i ve kalorifercilerin bu konuda yeterli bilgi ve tecr\u00fcbeye sahip olmamalar\u0131 nedenlerinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc kitapta, do\u011falgaz ve do\u011falgaz yakma sistemleri, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nleriyle tan\u0131t\u0131lmak istenmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u015fin gere\u011fi \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun mevzuat hakk\u0131nda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131na tan\u0131k oldu\u011fum i\u00e7in mevzuat\u0131 da kitaba alarak yasal y\u00f6nden ate\u015f\u00e7i ve<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1071],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kitaplar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4901","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4901"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4901\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4903,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4901\/revisions\/4903"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}