{"id":4864,"date":"1993-11-05T19:34:00","date_gmt":"1993-11-05T19:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4864"},"modified":"2023-05-16T19:48:58","modified_gmt":"2023-05-16T19:48:58","slug":"dokum-sanayi-ve-cevre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4864","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f6k\u00fcm Sanayi ve \u00c7evre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez, Kendi yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1993, B\u00fcy\u00fck boy, 128 sayfa.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bask\u0131\/Ofset haz\u0131rl\u0131k: D\u0130YAR matbaac\u0131l\u0131k Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k LTD. \u015eti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SUNU\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fck, \u00fclkemizin \u00f6nemli sanayi kollar\u0131ndan birini te\u015fkil eder. Do\u011fada bulunan maden filizleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle ergitilerek hammadde haline getirilir. Hammadde daha sonra ama\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re kurulmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc d\u00f6k\u00fcm at\u00f6lyelerinde di\u011fer maden ve ala\u015f\u0131mlarla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ergitilir. Ergitilmi\u015f bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m, \u00e7e\u015fitli makinalar ve ara\u00e7lar ile bunlar\u0131n yedek par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcnde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 end\u00fcstri dal\u0131 D\u00d6K\u00dcMC\u00dcL\u00dcK’t\u00fcr. K\u0131sacas\u0131, d\u00f6k\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fck; “Maden ve ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ergitip kal\u0131plara d\u00f6kerek, istenilen \u015fekli vermektir.” Bunu yapabilmek i\u00e7in d\u00f6k\u00fcm at\u00f6lyeleri kurulu\u015f ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun olarak bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6k\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fckte her bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm, ayr\u0131 bir uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektirmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fckte, di\u011fer end\u00fcstri dallar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi istenen par\u00e7alar\u0131n temiz, sa\u011flam, gerekli \u00f6zelliklerde ve ucuz elde edilmeleri temel ama\u00e7t\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in, teknolojik geli\u015fmeler i\u00e7inde yeni y\u00f6ntemler geli\u015ftirilir ve makinala\u015fmaya gidilir. Daha az emekle, daha k\u0131sa zamanda, daha ucuz ve \u00e7ok i\u015f elde etme yollar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; 6. Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Kalk\u0131nma Plan\u0131 (1990-1994 DPT); “D\u00f6k\u00fcm sanayiinde yeni tesis, rehabilitasyon ve modernizasyon yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim \u00fcniteleri iyile\u015ftirilerek ekonomik \u00f6l\u00e7eklere ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak geli\u015fmeler<\/em>“i \u00f6zendirmeyi hedeflemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylesine \u00f6nemli bir sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fc olan D\u00d6K\u00dcM SANAY\u0130’nin, \u00fclke ekonomisine yads\u0131nmaz katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, \u00c7EVRE SORUNLARI’na da neden oldu\u011fu ink\u00e2r edilmez bir ger\u00e7ektir. D\u00f6k\u00fcm sanayiinin neden oldu\u011fu \u00e7evre kirliliklerini g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, su, toprak ve hava kirlili\u011fi \u015feklinde s\u0131ral\u0131ya biliriz. Kitapta bu kirlilikler ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131p, incelenmemi\u015ftir. Daha \u00e7ok \u00f6n bilgi olarak \u00e7evre, \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi, \u00e7evre kirlili\u011finin \u00e7e\u015fitleri ve bu kirliliklerin insan ve \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkileri a\u00e7\u0131klanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131larak, d\u00f6k\u00fcm sanayicisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu kirliliklere ili\u015fkin yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin k\u0131saca tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm sanayi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hava kirlili\u011finin ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nem ve \u00f6zelli\u011fi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, kitapta hava kirlili\u011fine ve Hava Kalitesinin Korunmas\u0131 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi’ne geni\u015f yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm sanayiinin neden oldu\u011fu \u00e7evre kirlilikleri i\u00e7erisinde, e\u011fer gerekli \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f ise, en \u00e7ok hava kirlili\u011fi g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum d\u00f6k\u00fcm sanayiini s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00fcndeme getirmektedir. Kamuoyunda da en \u00e7ok \u015fikayete neden olan kupol ocakl\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcmhanelerde metali ergitme ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm esnas\u0131nda \u00e7evreye CO, SO2<\/sub>, NOx<\/sub> gibi gazlar ile toz yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6k\u00fcmde kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle de Karab\u00fck Koku kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman CO, SO2<\/sub> ve NOx<\/sub> kirleticilerinin \u00e7evre \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok fazla etki yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. D\u00f6k\u00fcmhanelerdeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck kirletici tozdur. Mevcut kupol ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckleme platformundan sonra pek \u00e7o\u011funda baca dahi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Yeterli y\u00fckseklikte bir baca ve uygun bir toz tutucu sistem mutlaka in\u015fa edilmelidir. Kupol ocaklar\u0131nda “devreye alma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan at\u0131k gazlar toplan\u0131p bir toz ar\u0131tma tesisine g\u00f6nderilmesi” veya d\u00f6k\u00fcmhaneler i\u00e7in, “toz ihtiva eden at\u0131k gazlar toplan\u0131p bir toz ar\u0131tma tesisine verilmesi<\/em>” zaten yasal zorunluluktur. Ayn\u0131 zorunluluk bacalar i\u00e7inde s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu sistemlerin kurulmas\u0131 hem yasal y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerine getirilmesi, hem de \u00e7evre ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkileyen at\u0131k gaz ve tozlar\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n (emisyonlar\u0131n) \u00f6nlenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00f6k\u00fcm sanayicileri i\u00e7in bir g\u00f6rev olarak \u00f6nlerinde durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul’da demir-\u00e7elik izabe, ergitme, d\u00f6k\u00fcm ve \u00fcretimi yapan b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Pik D\u00f6k\u00fcm Sanatkarlar\u0131 Odas\u0131’na kay\u0131tl\u0131 850 \u00fcye bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan faal olan\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 550 i\u015fyeri oldu\u011fu Oda taraf\u0131ndan bildirilmektedir. Bunlar\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7ok ilkel ko\u015fullarda \u00fcretim yapmaktad\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lan teknoloji ise “Nuh-i Nebi”den kalma \u00e7ok eski teknolojilerdir. Yine bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Gayri S\u0131hhi M\u00fcesseseler Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi’nde h\u00fckme ba\u011flanan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri yerine getirmedikleri veya su toplama havzalar\u0131nda olmalar\u0131, meskun yerlerde bulunmalar\u0131 gibi nedenlerle bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmedikleri i\u00e7in Gayri S\u0131hhi M\u00fcessese Ruhsatlar\u0131 olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. 2872 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7evre Kanunu ve bu Kanun uyar\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan y\u00f6netmeliklerden ise hemen hemen t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn haberleri olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r veya yeni yeni olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6yle olunca ba\u015fta Belediyeler olmak \u00fczere yetkili mercilerle aralar\u0131nda sorunlar olmakta, bir \u00e7o\u011fu kapanmakta, bir \u00e7o\u011funun kap\u0131s\u0131na kapatma m\u00fchr\u00fc vurulmakta veya yasalara ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etmektedirler. Ya da pe\u015f pe\u015fe idari nitelikteki para cezalar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. 100’\u00fcn \u00fczerinde d\u00f6k\u00fcmc\u00fc esnaf\u0131 2872 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7evre Kanunu’nun ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re para cezalar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, cezalara kar\u015f\u0131 solu\u011fu mahkemelerde alarak itiraz davalar\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu itiraz davalar\u0131nda da bilgi eksikli\u011finden olacak, \u00c7evre Kanunu’nun 25. Maddesinde belirtilen “Yetkili \u0130dare mahkemesi”ne itiraz edecekleri yerde bir\u00e7o\u011fu “Vergi Mahkemeleri”ne itiraz ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan, itirazlar\u0131 vergi mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan reddedilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn uygulamada bir\u00e7ok demir ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm sanayicisinin \u00c7evre kanunu ve Bu Kanun do\u011frultusunda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan Y\u00f6netmelikler ile Gayri S\u0131hhi M\u00fcesseseler Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi’ndeki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirememe veya getirememesinin nedenleri; daha \u00e7ok bilgi eksikli\u011fi, yasal d\u00fczenlemeleri takip etmeme, neyin, nas\u0131l-nerede yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bilmeme, \u00e7evre bilincine vak\u0131f olmama, \u00fcretim ve \u00e7evre teknolojilerini takip etmeme, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00e2r h\u0131rs\u0131d\u0131r. Sorunlar birazda sosyal ili\u015fkilerimiz i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Denetim ve cezalar\u0131n cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz. Ama sorun salt cezai i\u015flemlerle de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclece\u011fi veya \u00f6nlenece\u011fi inanc\u0131nda de\u011filim. Ba\u015fta d\u00f6k\u00fcmc\u00fcler \u00f6zveride bulunarak-a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00e2r h\u0131rs\u0131ndan biraz vazge\u00e7erek d\u00f6k\u00fcmhanelerde iyile\u015ftirme- \u0131slah \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na giri\u015fmelidirler. Bunun yan\u0131nda taraflar bir araya gelerek yasal a\u00e7\u0131dan uygun olmayan d\u00f6k\u00fcmhanelerin s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde kent d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f veya kurulacak sanayi sitelerine, organize sanayi b\u00f6lgelerine ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kirletmeden daha fazla \u00fcretim ve kalk\u0131nma ile refah\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplum d\u00fczeyine varmada; d\u00f6k\u00fcm sanayicisine, denetleyici kurum elemanlar\u0131na \u00e7evre ile ilgili yasal y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin yerine getirilmesinde; \u00e7evre bilincinin geli\u015fiminde bu kitap yard\u0131mc\u0131 olursa, katk\u0131 sa\u011flarsa insanlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00fclkesini ve do\u011fay\u0131 seven, \u00e7evre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan bir eleman olarak mutluluk duyar\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitab\u0131n bas\u0131m\u0131nda eme\u011fi ge\u00e7enlere, Demir \u00c7elik D\u00f6k\u00fcm Sanayicileri Derne\u011fi ve mensuplar\u0131na ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 te\u015fekk\u00fcr eder, kalk\u0131nma ve \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131n ili\u015fkinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 dileklerimle sayg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131 sunar\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 Kas\u0131m 1993
M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez
Kimya M\u00fchendisi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SEVDA T\u00dcRK\u00dcS\u00dc<\/strong><\/em>
Demir, k\u00f6m\u00fcr, kum
ve ate\u015fim!
Olmu\u015fum kor
olmu\u015fum har
yanar\u0131m ha yanar\u0131m.
Yanar\u0131m,
cehennem s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131nda
baht\u0131m\u0131n karas\u0131na\u2026
yanar\u0131m,
sevda yaras\u0131na\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sevdal\u0131m;
kara g\u00f6zl\u00fcm
kara sa\u00e7l\u0131m
kara bahtl\u0131m,
bilmez misin ki
da\u011flan\u0131r\u0131z
karar\u0131r\u0131z
yanar\u0131z
bir sevda u\u011fruna<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00c7\u0130NDEK\u0130LER
SUNU\u015e
I. B\u00d6L\u00dcM: \u00c7EVRE VE \u00c7EVRE SORUNLARI \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 KISA B\u0130LG\u0130LER<\/strong>
I.1. \u00c7evre nedir?
I.2. \u00c7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri?
I.3. \u00c7evre kirlenmesinin kaynaklar\u0131
I.4. \u00c7evre kirlili\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitleri ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkileri
I.4.a. Toprak kirlili\u011fi ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkileri
I.4.b. Su kirlili\u011fi ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkileri
I.4.c. Hava kirlili\u011fi ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkileri
I.4.d. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkileri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. B\u00d6L\u00dcM: \u00c7EVRE \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 YASAL D\u00dcZENLEMELER (MEVZUAT)<\/strong>
II.1. Anayasa
II.2. 1580 Say\u0131l\u0131 Belediye Kanunu ile 3030 say\u0131l\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyelerinin kurulmas\u0131na dair yasa
II.3. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131s\u0131hha Kanunu
*Gayri S\u0131hhi M\u00fcesseseler Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi
II.4. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n kurulu\u015funa dair yasa
II.5. 3527 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015fyeri A\u00e7ma ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Ruhsatlar\u0131na Dair Kanun Y\u00f6netmelik
*\u0130\u015fyeri A\u00e7ma ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Ruhsatlar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Y\u00f6netmelik
II.6. 3194 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130mar kanunu
II.7. \u00c7evre Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n kurulu\u015funa ili\u015fkin yasa
II.8. 2872 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7evre Kanunu
*\u0130dari nitelikli cezalar
*Para cezalar\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131
II.8.1. \u00c7evre Kirlili\u011fi \u00d6nleme Fonu Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi
II.8.2. Su Kirlili\u011fi Kontrol Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi
II.8.3. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc Kontrol y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi
II.8.4. Kat\u0131 At\u0131klar\u0131n Kontrol\u00fc Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi
II.8.5. \u00c7evresel Etki De\u011ferlendirmesi Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi
II.8.6. Zararl\u0131 Kimyasal Medde ve \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin kontrol\u00fc Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi
II.8.7. Hava Kalitesinin Korunmas\u0131 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi
*Y\u00f6netmelikle ilgili tablo
*Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin Ek-8:3. grupta yer alan izne tabi tesislerin listesi
*\u0130zin almaya te\u015fkil edecek d\u00f6k\u00fcmanlarla ilgili Y\u00f6nerge
*Yeni kurulacak tesislerde emisyon izin ak\u0131m \u015femas\u0131
*Mevcut kurulu tesisler i\u00e7in emisyon izin ak\u0131m \u015femas\u0131
*\u0130zne tabi tesisler kuran ve i\u015fletenlerin yasal y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri
*Kirletici vasf\u0131 y\u00fcksek tesisler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel emisyon s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131
*\u0130zne tabi tesisler i\u00e7in emisyon s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131
*At\u0131k gazlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131
*\u0130zne tabi tesisleri kuran ve i\u015fletenlerin bu tesislerin kurulmas\u0131 ve i\u015fletilmesinde temel y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri
*Tebligat \u00f6rne\u011fi
*Tespit Tutana\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi
*Cezai i\u015flem yaz\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. B\u00d6L\u00dcM: EM\u0130SYONLARIN AZALTILMASI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Partik\u00fcl (Toz) tutanlar<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Genel olarak partik\u00fcl tutan sistemler<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • D\u00f6k\u00fcmhaneler i\u00e7in pratik ve basit filtre sistemleri
      1.2.1. Siklonlar
      1.2.2. Kuru tip filtreler
      1.2.3. Ya\u015f tip filtreler
      *\u00c7am filtresi
      *Susuz sulu sistem filtre<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Gaz halindeki kirleticileri tutan sistemler
        2.1. Absorbsiyon metodu
        2.2. Adsorbsiyon metodu
        2.3. Gaz yak\u0131c\u0131lar
        2.4. Yakma metodu<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        IV. EM\u0130SYONLARIN \u00d6L\u00c7\u00dcM\u00dc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. Sabit ve hareketli kaynaklarda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Meteorolojik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. D\u0131\u015f hava kalitesi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          V. B\u00d6L\u00dcM: HAVA KAL\u0130TES\u0130N\u0130N KORUNMASI Y\u00d6NETMEL\u0130\u011e\u0130’N\u0130N DE\u011e\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NE \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N G\u00d6R\u00dc\u015e VE \u00d6NER\u0130LER\u0130M<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00dcz\u00fclmez, Kendi yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1993, B\u00fcy\u00fck boy, 128 sayfa. Bask\u0131\/Ofset haz\u0131rl\u0131k: D\u0130YAR matbaac\u0131l\u0131k Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k LTD. \u015eti. SUNU\u015e D\u00f6k\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fck, \u00fclkemizin \u00f6nemli sanayi kollar\u0131ndan birini te\u015fkil eder. Do\u011fada bulunan maden filizleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle ergitilerek hammadde haline getirilir. Hammadde daha sonra ama\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re kurulmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc d\u00f6k\u00fcm at\u00f6lyelerinde di\u011fer maden ve ala\u015f\u0131mlarla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ergitilir. Ergitilmi\u015f bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m, \u00e7e\u015fitli makinalar ve ara\u00e7lar ile bunlar\u0131n yedek par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcnde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 end\u00fcstri dal\u0131 D\u00d6K\u00dcMC\u00dcL\u00dcK’t\u00fcr. K\u0131sacas\u0131, d\u00f6k\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fck; “Maden ve ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ergitip kal\u0131plara d\u00f6kerek, istenilen \u015fekli vermektir.” Bunu yapabilmek i\u00e7in d\u00f6k\u00fcm at\u00f6lyeleri kurulu\u015f ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun olarak bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6k\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fckte her bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1071],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kitaplar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4864","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4864"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4864\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4869,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4864\/revisions\/4869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4864"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}