{"id":4834,"date":"2012-11-05T11:04:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-05T11:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4834"},"modified":"2023-05-15T11:42:21","modified_gmt":"2023-05-15T11:42:21","slug":"uzun-hasan-ve-cermik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4834","title":{"rendered":"Uzun Hasan ve \u00c7ermik"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201cHer haneden matem sesi y\u00fckseldi, o gece onlara k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc gibi oldu<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akkoyunlar ve Karakoyunlar s\u00fcrekli sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7ermik d\u00e2hil sava\u015f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mek\u00e2nlarda ya\u015fayan ahali ise peri\u015fan olmu\u015f, k\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f akt\u00f6rlerinden olan Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131 ve mensubu oldu\u011fu Akkoyunlar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n \u00c7ermikle olan ili\u015fkisini bilmekte yarar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akkoyunlular XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, \u0130lhanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Argon Han (1284-1291) d\u00f6neminde, Horasan\u2019dan Azerbaycan\u2019a geldiler. Hen\u00fcz a\u015firet halindeyken, XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Azerbaycan, Harput ve Amid aras\u0131ndaki yerlerde yer tuttu.(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonra Timur\u2019un ordular\u0131 g\u00f6kg\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc gibi g\u00fcrleyip \u015fim\u015fekler \u00e7akarak Ba\u011fdat\u2019a sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Ba\u011fdat \u201c\u015fehrine \u00f6yle bir dolu ya\u011fd\u0131 ki g\u00fcl bah\u00e7elerindeki a\u011fa\u00e7larda yapraktan eser kalmad\u0131<\/em>\u201d. \u015eehir fethedilip tarumar edildi. Veliaht olarak Emirzade Ebubekir atand\u0131; K\u00fcrdistan, Diyarbak\u0131r ve Mardin onun idaresine b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Timur, bu Irak ve Suriye seferinde Akkoyunlar\u0131 \u00f6nc\u00fc olarak kulland\u0131 ve Akkoyunlu beyi Kara Y\u00fcl\u00fck Osman Beg\u2019e bu hizmetine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak, 1401 y\u0131l\u0131nda Diyarbak\u0131r \u015fehrini ve havalisini verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akkoyunlar bu tarihten sonra Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131 ba\u015fkent yaparak Akkoyunlu Beyli\u011fi\u2019nden Akkoyunlu devletine ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131.(3)<\/sup> Timur\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra b\u00f6lgeye tek ba\u015flar\u0131na h\u00e2kim oldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kara Y\u00fcl\u00fck Osman Be\u011f\u2019in elinde \u00f6nceleri Kemah yaylak\u0131 vilayetinden, Amid ve Ergani\u2019den ba\u015fka bir yer yoktu, askerlerinin say\u0131s\u0131 son derece azd\u0131.(4)<\/sup> Timur istilas\u0131 zaman\u0131nda Silvan, Diyarbak\u0131r ve Ergani teslim olmu\u015ftu, ama Mardin teslim olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1401 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mardin\u2019e h\u00e2kim olan Karakoyunlu Kara Yusuf; T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrtlerden meydana gelen bir orduyla Kara Y\u00fcl\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Kara Y\u00fcl\u00fck, Amid sular\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ma\u011flup edildi ve surlar\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekildi. Kara Yusuf kaleye girmekten vazge\u00e7erek, Mardin\u2019e d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1411 y\u0131l\u0131nda Karakoyunlu beyi Kara Yusuf ikinci defa Amid \u00f6n\u00fcne geldi. \u015eehri alamay\u0131nca etraf\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalad\u0131. Oradan, \u00c7ermik \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. \u00c7ermik\u2019i zapt ve tahrip ederek, ekinlerini hasara u\u011fratt\u0131. Bunu \u00fczerine \u00c7ermik halk\u0131 kendisinden aman talep etti. Kara Yusuf, bin at verdikleri takdirde bunu kabul edece\u011fini bildirdi, ama \u00c7ermiklilerin yan \u00e7izmelerinden dolay\u0131 kaleyi ald\u0131 ve kaledekilerin \u00e7o\u011funu \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Sonra \u00c7ermik\u2019ten Ergani\u2019ye ge\u00e7ti. Etraf\u0131n\u0131 talan ederek Ergani kalesini ku\u015fatt\u0131. \u0130mdada gelen Kara Y\u00fcl\u00fck Osman ile aralar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok kez sava\u015f oldu. Karakoyunlu beyi \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kan Kara Y\u00fcl\u00fck Osman\u2019\u0131 sonunda bozguna u\u011frat\u0131p, onu kaleye kapanmaya mecbur etti ve \u00c7ermi\u011fi ya\u011fmalad\u0131.(5)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sava\u015f ve ya\u011fmalar\u0131 Ebu Bekr-i Tihran\u00ee, Kitab-\u0131 Diyarbekriyye<\/strong>\u2019yekitab\u0131nda \u00e7ok geni\u015f anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Burada sadece \u00c7ermikle ilgili k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 vermekle yetinece\u011fim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akkoyunlar, Karakoyunlar\u0131n elinde bulunan Mardin\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in sefer d\u00fczenledi. Sava\u015f uzun s\u00fcr\u00fcnce, \u201cMardin halk\u0131, Akkoyunlardan \u00fcmidini kesti. \u015eehri R\u00fcstem\u2019in(6)<\/sup> adamlar\u0131na teslim ettiler. Kale ku\u015fatma alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Kar\u0131n ve ya\u011fmurun \u00e7ok olmas\u0131, zora d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ve so\u011fu\u011fun \u015fiddetiyle \u00c7ermuk havalisinde bulunan b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanlar telef oldu. Sahip K\u0131ran,(7)<\/sup> m\u00fc\u015ffik davranarak onlara, nereye isterlerse oraya g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp gitmeleri konusunda izin verdi.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonra habercilerden gelen \u201cf\u0131rsat zaman\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>\u201d olumlu haberi \u00fczerine; \u201cSahip K\u0131ran\u2019da R\u00fcstem\u2019in ordusuna sald\u0131rma (ilgar) iste\u011fi belirdi. Sonra esirleri \u00c7ermuk kalesine g\u00f6nderdi. \u00c7ermuk ordusu da Mihrimar\u2019da ona kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bahar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in binek hayvanlar\u0131 ve di\u011ferleri halsiz ve g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Atlar\u0131 \u00c7ermuk\u2019ta de\u011fi\u015ftirdiler. (Sahip K\u0131ran) 600 \u00fcnl\u00fc s\u00fcvari ile gece bask\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti. Karza Kend\u2019e vard\u0131klar\u0131 zaman da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p o havalide toplanm\u0131\u015f olan ha\u015femlerden bir toplulu\u011fu ya\u011fma ve y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011fratmak istedi. Durumlar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 zaman onlar\u0131n tehlikeden ka\u00e7\u0131p kendilerini bir k\u00f6\u015feye atm\u0131\u015f olan Akkoyunlardan bir topluluk oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Sahip K\u0131ran onlara ac\u0131d\u0131. Onlara sald\u0131rmaktan vazge\u00e7ti.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Sahip K\u0131ran o k\u0131\u015f Ergani\u2019de idi. K\u0131\u015flak\u2019tan ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Ergani, \u00c7ermik ve Amid aras\u0131nda gidip gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026(Sahip K\u0131ran), Amid, Ergani ve di\u011fer kaleleri yiyecekle doldurdu. O arada R\u00fcstem-i Tarhan, Mayafarikin (Silvan)\u2019de konaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sahip K\u0131ran, Amid halk\u0131na cesaret ve \u00fcmit vermek i\u00e7in \u00c7ermik kapl\u0131cas\u0131na hareket etti.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sahip K\u0131ran\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrtler Taraf\u0131na Hareket Etmesi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u201c\u2026Amid bar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Sahip K\u0131ran, Mal \u00d6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yolundan H\u0131sn-\u0131 Erre\u2019ye(8)<\/sup> vard\u0131. Oradan da Deve Boynu\u2019na gitti. Hanesini orada b\u0131rak\u0131p sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7erek Birecik kalesi ile Suruc aras\u0131nda Akkoyunlara k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerde bulunmu\u015f olan K\u00fcrtlerin \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Oyak mevkiine vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 gece o mevkiyi \u00e7ok karl\u0131 ve son derece karanl\u0131k buldu. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, g\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc ve sis o derece yo\u011fun idi ki at\u0131n kula\u011f\u0131 bile g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez olmu\u015ftu. O beldelerde H\u0131z\u0131r \u0130lyas gecesi dedikleri bir gece ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Sahip K\u0131ran, askerleriyle birlikte Musa\u2019n\u0131n kavmi gibi \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k ve peri\u015fanl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcnde kald\u0131. Fakat o yolu daha \u00f6nce ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, geceler ne kadar karanl\u0131k olursa olsun, ona yol kapal\u0131 kalm\u0131yordu. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zorlukla ve tehlike ile \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olan o mevkide ordunun rehberi oldu. Oran\u0131n K\u00fcrtlerini yenerek onlar\u0131 ya\u011fmalad\u0131.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00fcstem Be\u011f\u2019in \u201c\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sonra Ali \u015eeker\u2019i \u00c7ermik kalesine g\u00f6nderdiler. Onun o\u011flu Pir Ali\u2019yi Ergani kalesine, Sulan Be\u011f\u2019i \u00c7\u00fcng\u00fc\u015f\u2019e g\u00f6nderdiler. O yurtta humus ald\u0131lar. Abar \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n Dicle\u2019ye kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde konaklad\u0131lar<\/em>.\u201d (9)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kara Y\u00fcl\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Akkoyunlu \u015fehz\u00e2deleri aras\u0131nda taht kavgas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Beylikler ve karde\u015fler aras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok sava\u015f oldu. Sonra Uzun Hasan bir darbe ile karde\u015fi Cihangir Ali\u2019yi de bertaraf edip y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmek istedi. K\u00f6m\u00fcrc\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na soktu\u011fu askerler kaleye girince Cihangir Ali ka\u00e7t\u0131. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n idaresi b\u00f6ylece Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti.(10) <\/sup> Ve 1469\u2019da devlet merkezi Tebriz\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n Anadolu\u2019da h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmas\u0131, fetihleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile aras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131, iki taraf 11 A\u011fustos 1473\u2019te Otlukbeli\u2019de sava\u015fa tutu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cK\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan sesler, saflar\u0131n toku\u015fmalar\u0131 ile g\u00f6k kubbeyi sa\u011f\u0131r ve cengin tozuyla yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc geceye d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Topuz vuru\u015flar\u0131yla T\u00fcrkmen kelleleri serseme d\u00f6n\u00fcyor, ol ezilesiceler sava\u015f oca\u011f\u0131nda odun gibi yan\u0131yor, sipahiler elinde olan her k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ol insanlar\u0131n en azg\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n emel tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 bi\u00e7en orak ve yaylar\u0131 ol uygunsuzlar toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015fen y\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyordu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Akkoyunlular\u0131n sa\u011f kanad\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 ordusunca yar\u0131ld\u0131, komutanlar\u0131 Zeynel (Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu) \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, cesedinin ba\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f alan\u0131nda g\u00f6vdesinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Sol kanad\u0131n da yenilmesinden sonra, Osmanl\u0131lar merkezdeki kuvvetlerini vurup imparatorluk sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teslim ald\u0131lar. Uzun Hasan\u2019a \u00e7ok benzeyen Pir Muhammed Alpavut, Hasan efendisine ka\u00e7acak zaman sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in Hasan Padi\u015fah oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek teslim oldu. Uzun Hasan, bu a\u011f\u0131r yenilgiden can\u0131n\u0131 zor kurtard\u0131. Hemen emir-i ahuruna aytt\u0131, \u2018Boz at\u0131 get\u00fcr\u00fcn ki cankurtarand\u0131r\u2019. O anda s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen kayan y\u0131ld\u0131zlarla yar\u0131\u015fan, \u015fim\u015feklerle birlikte g\u00f6klerde ko\u015fu\u015fan, hafif ko\u015fumlu at\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7ektiler. \u00dcst\u00fcne atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sava\u015f meydan\u0131ndan dizgin kald\u0131r\u0131p, var\u0131 yo\u011fuyla ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f yolunu tutup, d\u00f6rtnala u\u00e7tu.\u201d<\/em> (11)<\/sup> Ka\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f, Fatih Sultan Mehmed\u2019in zaferiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sava\u015f, bu muhabere tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir: K\u0131rk y\u0131l kadar sonra, d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz kilometre daha do\u011fuda, Otlukbeli<\/em>\u2019dekilerin torunlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7ecek olan \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019<\/em>n\u0131n Ergani, \u00c7ermik, Diyarbak\u0131r ve t\u00fcm K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n kaderini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek olmas\u0131 ve 15 ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda merkez\u00ee \u0130slam topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kas\u0131p kavurmas\u0131, siyasal ve toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fmelerin bir ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun Hasan, 1423 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ergani y\u00f6resinde do\u011fdu. 6 Ocak 1478 tarihinde \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri kanunn\u00e2meler yapt\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hasan Padi\u015fah Kanunn\u00e2mesi<\/em>\u2019ni Osmanl\u0131lar bir d\u00f6nem Diyarbak\u0131r ve \u00e7evresinde, K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131nda kulland\u0131lar. Ve ayn\u0131 kanunn\u00e2melerin uzun bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019da da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.(12)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun Hasan genelde Sultanu\u2019l-\u00e2dil Eb\u00fb\u2019n-Nas\u0131r Hasan Han veya Sultanu\u2019l-Galip Hasan Padi\u015fah unvanlar\u0131yla bilinir, ama di\u011fer \u00f6nemli bir unvan\u0131 da Sahib K\u0131ran<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r. Ebu Bekr-i Tihran\u00ee, Kitab-\u0131 Diyarbekriyye<\/strong> adl\u0131 eserinde Uzun Hasan\u2019dan hep Sahip K\u0131ran<\/em> diye bahseder ve ona \u00f6vg\u00fcler ya\u011fd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazar Nurettin De\u011firmenci ise, 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan bir kesit: \u00c7ERM\u0130K<\/strong> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n bu unvan ve \u015f\u00f6hretini biraz al\u0131\u015f\u0131la gelmi\u015f \u00f6vg\u00fcc\u00fc tarih\u00e7ilerden farkl\u0131 anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c1448 y\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u015fiddetli ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar ve so\u011fuktan \u00c7ermik havalisinde bulunan b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanlar telef oldu. Akkoyunlu lideri Uzun Hasan, m\u00fc\u015ffik davranarak onlara, nereye isterlerse g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp gitmeleri konusunda izin verdi. Di\u011fer bir deyimle, istedikleri yerde \u00f6lme izni verdi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun Hasan, Ergani\u2019de oturur ve etraf\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6le \u00e7eviren kas\u0131rgalar gibi durmadan \u00e7evreye ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenlerdi. 1448 y\u0131l\u0131nda Karakoyunlu R\u00fcstem ile sava\u015fan Uzun Hasan onu yendi. Karakoyunlu komutanlardan Ali \u015eeker\u2019i \u00c7ermik Kalesine, Ali \u015eeker\u2019in o\u011flu Pir Ali\u2019yi Ergani Kalesine, Sulan Be\u011f\u2019i \u00c7\u00fcng\u00fc\u015f Kalesine g\u00f6nderdi. Daha \u00f6nceden, Uzun Hasan kendi komutanlar\u0131ndan Cihan\u015fah Be\u011f\u2019i \u00c7ermik\u2019e g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. R\u00fcstem\u2019in ise derisini y\u00fczd\u00fcrmeden, se\u00e7ti\u011fi k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ile demokratik bir y\u00f6ntemle kellesini kestirdi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden Uzun Hasan bu yi\u011fitleri, Ali \u015eeker, Pir Ali ve Sulan Be\u011f\u2019i affederek kendi saflar\u0131nda ak\u0131nlara g\u00f6nderdi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ermik ve Ergani kalelerinin malzeme depolamak ve esirleri saklamak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018\u00d6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kan tepelerde ne varsa y\u0131karak
Ge\u00e7ti\u011fi her yerin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne getirerek\u2019 (Lucianus)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun Hasan, etraf\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6le \u00e7eviren ak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan f\u0131rsat bulduk\u00e7a, \u00c7ermik kapl\u0131calar\u0131na gitti\u011fini okumaktay\u0131z.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ermik ve Ergani \u00e7evresinde, \u0130lkbaharda esen ve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7eklerini kurutan f\u0131rt\u0131naya \u201cSahip K\u0131ran\u201d f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir. Tarihte bir pek \u00e7ok yi\u011fit lider, \u201cSahip K\u0131ran\u201d unvan\u0131 ile \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan biri de Uzun Hasan\u2019d\u0131r. K\u0131tab-\u0131 Diyarbekriyye yazar\u0131 Ebu Bekr-i Tihran\u00ee, Uzun Hasan\u2019a hi\u00e7bir yerde ismi ile hitap etmemekte; Sahip K\u0131ran unvan\u0131 ile \u00f6d\u00fcllendirmektedir. Acaba Uzun Hasan ne kadar sahip k\u0131rd\u0131 da, \u201cSahip K\u0131ran\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 eksiksiz ve kusursuz olarak hak etti?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eli sopal\u0131 bir yi\u011fit y\u00f6netiminde oldu\u011fu yerde kurt koyunun bek\u00e7isi; k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 yaran\u0131n merhemi olur. Sonu\u00e7ta: Yaral\u0131 nefes almaya son vererek, kurt a\u00e7l\u0131ktan kurtularak, koyun kurda yem olarak mutlu olurlar. K\u0131zg\u0131n aslan ve y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 kaplan yakalad\u0131klar\u0131 zebray\u0131 nas\u0131l koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131rlarsa; yi\u011fit bir lider de korumas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki insanlar\u0131n mal, m\u00fclk ve canlar\u0131n\u0131 benzer bi\u00e7imde korur. B\u00fct\u00fcn servetlere el koyarak, garantili bi\u00e7imde insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flar. Onlar\u0131, ya\u015fama derdinden kurtar\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Bat\u0131yordu ak\u015fam g\u00fcne\u015fi yal\u0131m yal\u0131m
Ve \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rm\u0131\u015f y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar
Sava\u015f\u0131yordu umutlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmeden\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun Hasan \u00e7ok yi\u011fit bir liderdi. S\u00fcrekli y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc ve H\u0131z\u0131r gibi her yere yeti\u015fti; aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde on sene ot bitmez, yirmi y\u0131l a\u011fa\u00e7lar \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7maz oldu; insanlar t\u00fcmden evcil hayvanlara hasret kald\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir sinek S\u00fcleyman Peygamber\u2019in (S.A.) yan\u0131nda h\u0131zl\u0131 esen r\u00fczgardan \u015fikayet etti. S\u00fcleyman cevab\u0131nda, \u201cGit hasm\u0131n\u0131 buraya getir\u201d dedi. Uzun Hasan da S\u00fcleyman gibi davran\u0131rd\u0131: K\u0131tl\u0131ktan, yokluktan, do\u011fal afetlerden \u015fikayet edenlere, \u201chasm\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 getirin, gereken cezay\u0131 vereyim!\u201d derdi. Bu arada, yoksulluk, sefalet, a\u00e7l\u0131k, k\u0131tl\u0131k, \u2026 gibi sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in; Uzun Hasan, halk\u0131n elindeki yiyeceklere son lokmas\u0131na kadar el koyard\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk bahar sultan\u0131n\u0131n, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n ve bitkilerin dallar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde ve damarlar\u0131nda yer eden b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc kuvvetleri harekete ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi; tomurcuklar\u0131n ve reyhanlar\u0131n rengarenk \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n kuruldu\u011fu; lale ve nergisin i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f perdelerinin a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131; bahar r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n\u0131n bah\u00e7elerde ve k\u0131rlarda a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n k\u00f6klerine akarsu ipleriyle y\u00fcz \u00e7e\u015fit b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fme sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman; yi\u011fitler, kas\u0131rgalar gibi harekete ge\u00e7erlerdi. Bir yi\u011fit toplulu\u011fu, di\u011fer yi\u011fit toplulu\u011fu ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ncaya dek; kas\u0131rga gibi gezen yi\u011fitler, \u00f6nlerine \u00e7\u0131kan yerle\u015fim yerlerini talan ederlerdi. Yi\u011fitlerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u015fehir \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fsa:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Herhangi bir \u015fehrin al\u0131nmas\u0131nda; \u015fehrin evleri harap edilir, surlar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r, kabirleri a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, mallar ya\u011fmalan\u0131r, kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na el konulurdu. Erkekleri ise derileri y\u00fcz\u00fclerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Deri y\u00fcz\u00fclmesi, daha \u00e7ok zaman bollu\u011fundan e\u011flence i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0131saca, yi\u011fitler, \u015fehirlere ve yerle\u015fim yerlerine bereket getiren ya\u011fmurlar gibi de\u011fil, yanarda\u011f lavlar\u0131 gibi inerlerdi<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki yi\u011fit toplulu\u011fun kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda ise seslerden ve ko\u015fu\u015fmalardan da\u011flar titrerdi. Sadece da\u011flar m\u0131? hay\u0131r, ovalar da zang\u0131r zang\u0131r sallan\u0131rd\u0131. Bir anda toz g\u00f6klere \u00e7\u0131kar, insan kelleleri havada top gibi savrulur ve ba\u015fs\u0131z bedenler, kendilerine yeni bir ba\u015f bulmak i\u00e7in olduklar\u0131 yerde d\u00f6n\u00fcp dururlard\u0131. Yaral\u0131 hayvanlar durmadan ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131r; ancak, ba\u011f\u0131rt\u0131y\u0131 duyacak kulaklar sa\u011f\u0131r oldu\u011fundan; hayvanlar, kendi yaralar\u0131n\u0131 kendileri bildikleri y\u00f6ntemle tedavi ederlerdi. Bu tedavi y\u00f6ntemi, genelde toprakla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmekle son bulurdu. Yi\u011fitler sava\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Sesler \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n kayalarda\/Yank\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131 durmadan.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oklar\u0131n v\u0131z\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131 ku\u015f c\u0131v\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n \u015fak\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131 ko\u00e7lar\u0131n boynuzla\u015fmas\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline geliyordu. Yaral\u0131lar\u0131n inlemeleri, bebek a\u011flamalar\u0131 kadar s\u0131radan davran\u0131\u015flar oluyordu. Bu arada da\u011flar ve ovalar tek veya iki tip hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015flarla zang\u0131r zang\u0131r titriyordu. Bazen de hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015flar bir birine kar\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin her iki taraf da, \u2018Allah, Allahhh!\u2019 diye ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131yordu. O zaman, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n s\u00f6zlerle uyumsuzlu\u011fu toplu olarak ilan edilerek, m\u00fch\u00fcrleniyordu. Ama, insanlar yine de s\u00f6zlerle davran\u0131\u015flar aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m\u0131 duymuyor, g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorlard\u0131. T\u0131pk\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde oldu\u011fu gibi\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 hayvanlar le\u015flere \u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce,
Akbabalar art\u0131klar\u0131 gagalamaya ba\u015flard\u0131.
\u00d6len yi\u011fitlere sadece:
Bulutlar g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6ker;
R\u00fczg\u00e2r ac\u0131dan inlerdi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eerefnama\u2019de, 1500 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, \u00c7ermik dolaylar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Alevi k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan bahsedilmektedir. Bu k\u0131r\u0131m, herhalde, Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n devam\u0131 olan y\u00f6neticilerin i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 ile ilgilidir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130dris Bitlisi Selim \u015eahname\u2019sinde, \u2018\u00c7erm\u00fck kalesi de kahraman emir Karay\u00e7ino\u011flu Bey\u2019in ve baz\u0131 Mirdasl\u0131 K\u00fcrt beylerinin ihtimam\u0131yla sava\u015f ve vuru\u015fma yoluyla ele ge\u00e7irildi\u2019 diye yazmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f, Yavuz Selim ile \u015eah \u0130smail aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Bir hamlede ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131lar, d\u00fc\u015fmandan bir tekini bile sa\u011f b\u0131rakmad\u0131lar.
Mardin, H\u0131sn Keyf, Ergani, Ruha ve Siver halk\u0131 zengindi. Sincar’\u0131, \u00c7erm\u00fck’\u00fc, Birec\u00fck’\u00fc ni\u00e7in sorars\u0131n?
Bunlar K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f’tan muzdaripti\u2019(13)<\/sup> (\u0130dris Bitlisi)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazar Vedat G\u00fcldo\u011fan ise, Diyarbak\u0131r Tarihi<\/strong> adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Uzun Hasan\u2019la dolayl\u0131 bir ili\u015fkisi olan bir konuda \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 bilgiler vermekte ve Ergani\u2019nin Q\u0131lle\u015f k\u00f6y\u00fcnde K\u00fcrt\u00e7e Destane Hasen\u2019e Tavil<\/strong> (Uzun Hasan Destan\u0131) destan\u0131n\u0131n elde edi\u015fini anlatarak, destan\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evrisini sunmaktad\u0131r. Destanla ilgili \u015funlar\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDe\u011ferli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u015eevket Beysano\u011flu, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Ergani il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 K\u0131lle\u015f (\u015fimdiki ad\u0131 \u015e\u00f6len) Beldesi\u2019nde Uzun Hasan ile ilgili bir destan anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 1989-1990 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Dicle \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden baz\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlilerinin bu destan ile ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 oldu\u011funu fakat bilgi alamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu destan\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131 benden istedi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131lle\u015f\u2019te yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m ara\u015ft\u0131rmada ya\u015flar\u0131 bir hayli ilerlemi\u015f olan \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n K\u00fcrt\u00e7e olarak bana anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 destan\u0131 teyp kasetine kaydettim. Destan\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi \u015fu \u015fekildedir<\/em>:\u201d(14)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Destan hem uzun ve hem de \u00c7ermikle ilgili bir \u015feyler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evrisini buraya almad\u0131m. \u0130lgi duyanlar veya merak edenler an\u0131lan eserden destan\u0131 okuyabilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

(1) Tor\u00ee, K\u00fcrtlerin Orta\u00e7a\u011f ve Yeni\u00e7a\u011f Tarihi, Berfin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130st.-2000, s.158.
(2) Nizam\u00fcddin \u015e\u00e2m\u00ee, Zafern\u00e2me, TTK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara-1949, s.331, 332.
(3) Prof. Dr. M\u00fcrsel \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, Ebu Bekr-i Tihran\u00ee\u2019nin yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu Kitab-\u0131 Diyarbekriyye\u2019ye yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Giri\u015f. s.1.
(4) Ebu Bekr-i Tihran\u00ee, Kitab-\u0131 Diyarbekriyye, (\u00c7ev: M\u00fcrsel \u00d6zt\u00fcrk), K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\/2631, s.35.
(5) \u015eevket Beysano\u011flu, Diyarbak\u0131r Tarihi, Diyarbak\u0131r B.B. K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara-2003, s.428
(6) R\u00fcstem: Karakoyunlular\u0131n lideri.
(7) Ebu Bekr-i Tihran\u00ee, Kitab-\u0131 Diyarbekriyye adl\u0131 eserinde Uzun Hasan\u2019a hi\u00e7bir yerde ismi ile hitap etmez; Sahip K\u0131ran unvan\u0131 ile \u00f6d\u00fcllendirir.
(8) Yeri tespit edilemedi.\u00a0 (Yay\u0131nevinin dipnotu.)
(9) Ebu Bekr-i Tihran\u00ee, Kitab-\u0131 Diyarbekriyye, s.116, 120, 131, 132, 170.
(10) Metropolit Hana Dolap\u00f6n\u00fc, Tarihte Mardin \u2013Itr-El Nardin fi Tarih Merdin, \u0130stanbul-1972, s.65.
(11) Hoca Sadeddin Efendi, T\u00e2c\u00fc\u2019t-Tev\u00e2rih, (\u00c7ev: Y. \u0130smet Parmaks\u0131zo\u011flu), Cilt 3, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, s.128,129, 131.
(12) \u015e. Beysano\u011flu, Diyarbak\u0131r Tarihi, 2.Cilt, Diyarbak\u0131r B.B. K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Sanat Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara-2003, s.455.
(13) Nurettin De\u011firmenci, 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan bir kesit: \u00c7ERM\u0130K, Kendi yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2002, s.47-50.
(14) Vedat G\u00fcldo\u011fan, Diyarbak\u0131r Tarihi, Kripto Kitaplar, Ankara-2011, s.62-63.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 Kas\u0131m 2012 tarihinde ve sonras\u0131nda<\/strong>:
http:\/\/www.ergani.gen.tr,
http:\/\/www.erganihaber.net, de,
http:\/\/www.ozgurhabergazetesi.com da yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

Akkoyunlar<\/a>, <\/span>Amid<\/a>, <\/span>\u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>\u00e7ermik<\/a>, <\/span>\u00e7ermuk<\/a>, <\/span>Destane Hasen\u2019e Tavil<\/a>, <\/span>diyarbak\u0131r<\/a>, <\/span>Diyarbak\u0131r Tarihi<\/a>, <\/span>Ebu Bekr-i Tihran\u00ee<\/a>, <\/span>ergani<\/a>, <\/span>Fatih Sultan Mehmed<\/a>, <\/span>\u0130dris Bitlisi<\/a>, <\/span>Kara Y\u00fcl\u00fck Osman Be\u011f<\/a>, <\/span>Karakoyunlar<\/a>, <\/span>Kitab-\u0131 Diyarbekriyye<\/a>, <\/span>k\u00fcrdistan<\/a>, <\/span>Mardin<\/a>, <\/span>nurettin de\u011firmenci<\/a>, <\/span>Otlukbeli<\/a>, <\/span>Q\u0131lle\u015f<\/a>, <\/span>Sahip K\u0131ran<\/a>, <\/span>Uzun Hasan<\/a>, <\/span>Vedat G\u00fcldo\u011fan<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cHer haneden matem sesi y\u00fckseldi, o gece onlara k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc gibi oldu.\u201d Akkoyunlar ve Karakoyunlar s\u00fcrekli sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7ermik d\u00e2hil sava\u015f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mek\u00e2nlarda ya\u015fayan ahali ise peri\u015fan olmu\u015f, k\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f akt\u00f6rlerinden olan Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131 ve mensubu oldu\u011fu Akkoyunlar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n \u00c7ermikle olan ili\u015fkisini bilmekte yarar vard\u0131r. Akkoyunlular XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, \u0130lhanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Argon Han (1284-1291) d\u00f6neminde, Horasan\u2019dan Azerbaycan\u2019a geldiler. Hen\u00fcz a\u015firet halindeyken, XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Azerbaycan, Harput ve Amid aras\u0131ndaki yerlerde yer tuttu.(1) Sonra Timur\u2019un ordular\u0131 g\u00f6kg\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc gibi g\u00fcrleyip \u015fim\u015fekler \u00e7akarak Ba\u011fdat\u2019a sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Ba\u011fdat \u201c\u015fehrine \u00f6yle bir dolu ya\u011fd\u0131 ki g\u00fcl bah\u00e7elerindeki a\u011fa\u00e7larda yapraktan eser kalmad\u0131\u201d. \u015eehir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1064],"tags":[2125,1909,2132,1107,2128,2137,115,2134,2129,129,2135,2133,2126,2124,2127,157,2122,298,2131,2138,2130,2123,2136],"class_list":["post-4834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","tag-akkoyunlar","tag-amid","tag-caldiran-savasi","tag-cermik-2","tag-cermuk","tag-destane-hasene-tavil","tag-diyarbakir","tag-diyarbakir-tarihi","tag-ebu-bekr-i-tihrani","tag-ergani","tag-fatih-sultan-mehmed","tag-idris-bitlisi","tag-kara-yuluk-osman-beg","tag-karakoyunlar","tag-kitab-i-diyarbekriyye","tag-kurdistan","tag-mardin","tag-nurettin-degirmenci","tag-otlukbeli","tag-qilles","tag-sahip-kiran","tag-uzun-hasan","tag-vedat-guldogan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4834"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4834\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4835,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4834\/revisions\/4835"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}