{"id":4639,"date":"2015-06-30T20:14:00","date_gmt":"2015-06-30T20:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4639"},"modified":"2023-07-01T12:36:40","modified_gmt":"2023-07-01T12:36:40","slug":"tarih-uzerine-tarih-nasil-yazilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4639","title":{"rendered":"Tarih \u00dczerine, Tarih Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesi: Tarih Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131l\u0131r?, Tarih ve Yerel Tarih\u00e7i<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. Tarih \u00dczerine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Friedrich Nietzsche, Tarih \u00dczerine(*)<\/sup><\/strong> kitab\u0131nda tarihi felsefi a\u00e7\u0131dan sorgulayarak bilgi, tarih ve de\u011ferler alan\u0131na ele\u015ftiriler y\u00f6neltir. Tarihin, b\u00fcy\u00fck yaratmalar\u0131n, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kuran geli\u015ftirici ilkelerin, insan\u0131 a\u015famal\u0131 olarak ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek doru\u011funa ula\u015ft\u0131ran giri\u015fimlerin, kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda evrenin yarat\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc dile getiren \u201c\u00fcst\u00fcninsan\u201d\u0131n bilimi oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrer. Kitap, tarihin ya\u015fam i\u00e7in yarar\u0131 ve zarar\u0131 \u00fczerine Nietzsche\u2019nin \u201c\u00e7a\u011fa ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler\u201dinden bir se\u00e7ki. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ili\u015fkilendirmesindeki dehas\u0131yla \u00e7o\u011fu tarih\u00e7iyi; m\u00fc\u015fterilerini aldatan, defolu mal satan sat\u0131c\u0131lara benzetiyor. Nas\u0131l bir tarih, ya da tarihe gereksinimiz var m\u0131 sorusuna verdi\u011fi yan\u0131t ise yerinde g\u00fczel bir yan\u0131t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cElbette tarihe gereksinimiz var, ama bizim tarihe olan gereksinmemiz, bilgi bah\u00e7esinde ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f dola\u015fan kendini be\u011fenmi\u015f sorumsuzlar\u0131n gereksinmelerinden ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc bir gereksinmedir, isterse onlar se\u00e7kin kimseler olsunlar ve bizim o kat\u0131 ve tats\u0131z gereksinmelerimize ve zorunluluklar\u0131m\u0131za yukar\u0131dan baks\u0131nlar. Ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6ylersek, bizim, ya\u015fama ve eylem i\u00e7in tarihe gereksinmemiz var, ya\u015fama ve eylemden rahat\u00e7a y\u00fcz \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil, hele bencil ya\u015famalar\u0131n, al\u00e7ak\u00e7a davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ve k\u00f6t\u00fc yap\u0131p etmelerin ay\u0131b\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtmek i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 de\u011fil. Tarih ancak ya\u015fama hizmet etti\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, biz de ona hizmet etmek isteriz; ama tarihle u\u011fra\u015fman\u0131n da, ya\u015fam\u0131 t\u00fcketen ve soysuzla\u015ft\u0131ran bir tarihe de\u011fer vermenin de bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 (\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc) vard\u0131r; i\u015fte zaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n dikkat \u00e7ekici g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve belirtilerinde kendisini ortaya koyan bir olguyu \u015fimdi burada g\u00f6stermek, ne denli ac\u0131 olursa olsun, zorunludur.\u201d (s.58)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarih ve felsefeye ilgi duyanlar, Nietzsche\u2019nin \u201cayk\u0131r\u0131\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini merak edenler Tarih \u00dczerine<\/strong> kitab\u0131n\u0131 okumal\u0131 derim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Tarih Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131mda tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m Tarih Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong> kitab\u0131yla \u015fimdi anlataca\u011f\u0131m Paul Veyne\u2019nin kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tarih Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131l\u0131r?(**)<\/sup><\/strong> kitab\u0131 tamamen farkl\u0131 kitaplar. \u0130sim benzerliklerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ortak bir yanlar\u0131 yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paul Veyne, Tarih Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda tarihe tepeden bakarak ele\u015ftirisel bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla tarihi, tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, tarih bilimini(?) sorgulam\u0131\u015f. \u0130lgin\u00e7, tarih konusunda yazd\u0131klar\u0131 kula\u011fa kar suyu ka\u00e7\u0131ran cinsten. Potansiyel bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, entelekt\u00fcel bir havas\u0131 var. Akademik olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, sanki biraz da polemik i\u00e7in kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f: Anlat\u0131m ve \u00fcsl\u00fbp olarak Annales okulu yanl\u0131lar\u0131yla, Marksist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerle ve tabi ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla bir hesapla\u015fma i\u00e7inde gibi. Akademik \u00e7evreden olmayanlara, konulara yabanc\u0131 olanlara a\u011f\u0131r gelebilir. Okunmas\u0131 ve anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 benim i\u00e7in zor oldu mesela. Tire, iki nokta \u00fcst \u00fcste, noktal\u0131 virg\u00fcl gibi imla i\u015faretlerin \u00e7ok\u00e7a kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, parantez i\u00e7i a\u00e7\u0131klamalara fazlaca yer vermesi, yabanc\u0131 k\u00f6kenli ve anlam\u0131n\u0131 bilmedi\u011fim t\u00fcretilmi\u015f s\u00f6zc\u00fck ve kavramlar\u0131n fazla olu\u015fu, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00e7ok uzun c\u00fcmlelerle yap\u0131lan anlat\u0131mlar okumay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Kitab\u0131 bitirdi\u011fimde okuduklar\u0131m\u0131n ancak \u00fc\u00e7te ikisini anlad\u0131m: B\u00f6yle olsa bile tarih hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015fey \u00f6\u011frendim diyebilirim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veyne\u2019ye g\u00f6re do\u011fa yasalar\u0131 gibi \u201cevrensel ve zorunlu\u201d kabul edilmi\u015f tarih yasalar\u0131 yoktur. Her tarihi olay kendi me\u015frebinde geli\u015fir. Tarih belgelerden edinilen bilgi olsa bile, belgelerin hi\u00e7biri olaylar\u0131n kendisi de\u011fildir (s.19). Tarih bilim de de\u011fildir, \u201colan\u0131\u201d anlatmakt\u0131r; izler \u00fczerinden giden bilgidir. Bilgi birikimidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck harfli bir Tarih yoktur. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fe dair her \u015feyi istedi\u011fimiz \u015fekilde yazabiliriz, yeter ki yazal\u0131m. \u201cOlmu\u015f olan her \u015fey, ilke olarak, tarihin alan\u0131na girer.\u201d (s.330) Tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda bilgi birikimi ve konuya vak\u0131f olmakta \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli, ama bu i\u015f genelde team\u00fcllerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. \u201cMektep\u201dlerde bu i\u015fi yapan ve \u00f6\u011fretenlerde bu genellemeden muaf de\u011fildir. Tarih, ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olan\u0131n, olanlar\u0131n aktar\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r, daha do\u011frusu bunlar\u0131 anlamakt\u0131r: Tarih\u00e7i \u201colmu\u015f olanla\u201d u\u011fra\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cTarihsel bilgi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, bir olay\u0131n olmu\u015f olmas\u0131, onun bilinmeye de\u011fer olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterlidir\u201d (s.34)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarihe b\u00f6yle bak\u0131nca, Veyne bilinen \u015fablonlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar; \u201ctarih olaylar\u0131n anlat\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r\u201d, betimlemedir, romand\u0131r, der (s.18). Sonras\u0131nda ise, \u201cTarih sanat eseridir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc nesnel olmakla beraber y\u00f6ntemi de yoktur ve bilimsel de\u011fildir\u201d tespitinde bulunur (s.300) ve anlat\u0131lanlar\u0131n \u201cger\u00e7ek olaylar\u201d olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgular. Burada unutulmamas\u0131 gerekenin, herkesin anlat\u0131s\u0131 kendine g\u00f6re oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in tarih \u201csakatlanm\u0131\u015f bilgidir\u201d. \u201cTarihsel bilgi, sakatlanm\u0131\u015f belgelerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kal\u0131ba g\u00f6re kesilip bi\u00e7ilir; bu kusurun s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hemen hissetmeyiz, onu g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcamam\u0131z gerekir.\u201d(s.29-30)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deneyimlerin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi vard\u0131r. Elde edebilece\u011fimiz t\u00fcm bilgi, belge ve i\u015fe yarayacak nesneler toplanmal\u0131 ve bunlar analitik bir bak\u0131\u015fla de\u011ferlendirilmeli, yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda sosyoloji ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm di\u011fer disiplinlerden destek al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Olu\u015fan bu bilgi birikimi sayesinde tarih o zaman ete kemi\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veyne hakl\u0131, bu konuda ayn\u0131 \u015feyleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Tarih \u00f6zneldir, ama keyfilik de\u011fildir. \u201cOlmu\u015f olan her \u015fey\u201d yaz\u0131labilir. Sonu\u00e7ta yaz\u0131lan her tarih, yazanlar\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir, ama e\u011fri cetvelle do\u011fru \u00e7izilmeye de kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarih Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>, farkl\u0131, sorgulay\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretici oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in okumay\u0131 hak ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131: Bellek ve Akdeniz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

(*)Friedrich Nietzsche, Tarih \u00dczerine<\/strong>, Say Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, (\u00c7ev: Nejat Bozkurt), 2. Bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul-1995, 188 sayfa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(**)Paul Veyne, Tarih Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>, Metis Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, (\u00c7ev: Nihan \u00d6zy\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m), \u0130stanbul-2014, 421 sayfa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

30 Haziran 2015 tarihinde ve sonras\u0131nd<\/strong>a:
http:\/\/www.insanokur.org\/tarih-uzerine-tarih-nasil-yazilir-muslum-uzulmez\/
http:\/\/www.erganihaber.net\/koseyazisi-892-Tarih-Uzerine-Tarih-Nasil-Yazilir.html
http:\/\/gelawej.net\/index.php\/yazarlar\/muslum-uzulmez\/1978-tarih-uzerine-tarih-nasil-yazilir
yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

Friedrich Nietzsche<\/a>, <\/span>Paul Veyne<\/a>, <\/span>tarih<\/a>, <\/span>Tarih Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a>, <\/span>Tarih \u00dczerine<\/a>, <\/span>\u00dcst\u00fcninsan<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesi: Tarih Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131l\u0131r?, Tarih ve Yerel Tarih\u00e7i 3. Tarih \u00dczerine Alman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Friedrich Nietzsche, Tarih \u00dczerine(*) kitab\u0131nda tarihi felsefi a\u00e7\u0131dan sorgulayarak bilgi, tarih ve de\u011ferler alan\u0131na ele\u015ftiriler y\u00f6neltir. Tarihin, b\u00fcy\u00fck yaratmalar\u0131n, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kuran geli\u015ftirici ilkelerin, insan\u0131 a\u015famal\u0131 olarak ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek doru\u011funa ula\u015ft\u0131ran giri\u015fimlerin, kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda evrenin yarat\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc dile getiren \u201c\u00fcst\u00fcninsan\u201d\u0131n bilimi oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrer. Kitap, tarihin ya\u015fam i\u00e7in yarar\u0131 ve zarar\u0131 \u00fczerine Nietzsche\u2019nin \u201c\u00e7a\u011fa ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler\u201dinden bir se\u00e7ki. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ili\u015fkilendirmesindeki dehas\u0131yla \u00e7o\u011fu tarih\u00e7iyi; m\u00fc\u015fterilerini aldatan, defolu mal satan sat\u0131c\u0131lara benzetiyor. Nas\u0131l bir tarih, ya da tarihe gereksinimiz var m\u0131 sorusuna verdi\u011fi yan\u0131t ise yerinde g\u00fczel<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1064],"tags":[1608,1606,481,1609,1605,1607],"class_list":["post-4639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","tag-friedrich-nietzsche","tag-paul-veyne","tag-tarih","tag-tarih-nasil-yazilir-2","tag-tarih-uzerine","tag-ustuninsan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4639","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4639"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4639\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6604,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4639\/revisions\/6604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4639"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}