{"id":4515,"date":"2016-06-15T09:27:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-15T09:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4515"},"modified":"2023-04-22T09:36:31","modified_gmt":"2023-04-22T09:36:31","slug":"bilim-etigi-ve-intihal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4515","title":{"rendered":"Bilim Eti\u011fi ve \u0130ntihal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201cBazen diyorum ki; ne olacak s\u00f6yle gitsin.
Sonra diyorum; s\u00f6yleyince ne olacak, sus bitsin.\u201d -Cemal S\u00fcreya<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir tesad\u00fcf sonucu Bilim Eti\u011fi G\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong> adl\u0131 bir kitap\u00e7\u0131k elime ge\u00e7ti. \u0130lgin\u00e7 ve \u00f6\u011fretici oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in zevkle okudum. Eme\u011fi ge\u00e7enleri kutluyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131m tarihi biraz eski. \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi 2012\u2019de yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f. Kitap\u00e7\u0131k, 4 Ekim 2011 tarihinde \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Etik Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen Bilim Eti\u011fi G\u00fcn\u00fcnde Y. Hakan Erdem, Ay\u015fe Erzan, K. Emre G\u00f6kyayla, G\u00fcrol Irz\u0131k, Hasan Yaz\u0131c\u0131, Paul D. White taraf\u0131ndan sunulmu\u015f olan bildirilerden olu\u015fuyor. Sunulan bildirilerde, \u201cbilimselli\u011fin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce temellerine, raconuna ve ahlak\u0131na t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ters<\/em>\u201d olan bilim ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6nemli sorunu intihal<\/em><\/strong> (=a\u015f\u0131rma) \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nleriyle ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f; etik (ahlak), bilimsel d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck, intihal gibi kavramlar irdelenmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu a\u015f\u0131rma ya da intihal olay\u0131 benim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131n da zaman zaman ba\u015f\u0131na gelen bir musibet. Sadece \u015fah\u0131slarca yap\u0131lm\u0131yor bu, kurumlarca da yap\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130ki \u00f6rnek vermek istiyorum. Birincisi, \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda teknik eleman olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda hava kirlili\u011finin \u00f6nlenmesine dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ayn\u0131 birimde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir m\u00fchendisin, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131 birimin m\u00fcd\u00fcr yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp sanki kendisi haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f gibi sundu\u011funu; daha ilgin\u00e7 olan\u0131 ise bu m\u00fcd\u00fcr yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n mevcut k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc sobalar\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesine dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 zaman\u0131n \u00e7evre koruma daire ba\u015fkan\u0131na kendisi haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f gibi sundu\u011funu d\u00fcn gibi hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. \u0130kinci olarak verece\u011fim \u00f6rnek ise a\u015f\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa \u00e7ok g\u00fczel(!) \u00f6rnektir. Ergani Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda Onbin Y\u0131ll\u0131k Tarihin Tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 ERGAN\u0130<\/strong> adl\u0131 bir kitap yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Kitab\u0131n hem ismi hem de i\u00e7erisinde yer alan bilgilerin \u00e7o\u011fu benim \u00e7e\u015fitli kitap ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131mdan kaynak g\u00f6sterilmeden al\u0131narak kitab\u0131 haz\u0131rlayanlarca sanki yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibi bask\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131larak yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O zaman, \u201cBunun Ad\u0131 Korsanl\u0131kt\u0131r<\/em><\/strong>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131mla kamuoyuna bu durumu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f ve yap\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131nam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benzer \u00f6rnekleri \u00e7o\u011faltabilirim, ama gere\u011fi yok. Burada yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelenlere de\u011fil, Bilim Eti\u011fi G\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong> kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bilim eti\u011fi ve intihal ile ilgili yaz\u0131lanlara bakmam\u0131z\u0131n daha yerinde olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Hem b\u00f6ylece kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi de daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHer i\u015fin, her mesle\u011fin bir raconu vard\u0131r. Racon, \u0130stanbul argosunda usul, adap, kaide demektir. Racon kesmek, kabaday\u0131lar aras\u0131nda adalet da\u011f\u0131tmak, h\u00fck\u00fcm vermek anlam\u0131nda da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Bilimin bir meslek olarak icras\u0131nda, di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 baz\u0131 teknik bilgi ve donan\u0131mlar sayesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan de\u011fer, ili\u015fki, y\u00f6ntem ve bilgilerin, asl\u0131na uygun bi\u00e7imde, tahrif edilmeden, do\u011fru olarak di\u011fer meslekta\u015flara ve uzman olmayan ki\u015filere bildirilmesi zorunlulu\u011fu, toplumsal kaynaklarla desteklenen bilimsel faaliyetin tan\u0131m\u0131ndan, varolu\u015f nedeninden yola \u00e7\u0131karak saf ak\u0131lla ula\u015f\u0131labilecek bir zorunluluktur.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Bilim prati\u011finin tabi her meslekte oldu\u011fu gibi, meslekta\u015flarla ili\u015fkileri de d\u00fczenleyen bir i\u015f ahlak\u0131 yan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Burada da, haks\u0131z rekabetten ka\u00e7\u0131nma anlam\u0131nda d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck, bilimin de raconunu olu\u015fturur. \u0130ntihal ve di\u011fer sahtecilik bi\u00e7imleri, hakemlik gibi g\u00f6revleri yerine getirirken k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma gibi ihlaller, haks\u0131z rekabete de yol a\u00e7an en yayg\u0131n ihlallerdir<\/em>.\u201d (Ay\u015fe Erzan, s.1, 4, 5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00fcrk Dil Kurumunun B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde intihal, \u2018a\u015f\u0131rma\u2019 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Fikir ve sanat eserleri hukuku anlam\u0131nda intihal ise, en basit ifadesiyle, bir eseri ya da bir eserde yer alan ifadeyi ki\u015finin kendisine aitmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6stermesidir. Fikir ve sanat eserleri hukukuna g\u00f6re korunan bir eserin ya da esere ili\u015fkin belirli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n, kendisine aitmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6sterilmesi intihaldir<\/em>.\u201d (Emre G\u00f6kyayla, s.67)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMesel\u00e2, \u00fczerindeki fikr\u00ee m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n yasal olarak kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir eserden usuls\u00fczce yararlanman\u0131n veya b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle kendine mal etmenin yasaca anlaml\u0131 bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 olmayabilir ama bu bilimsel bir \u2018su\u00e7\u2019 ve bilim eti\u011fine tamamen ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir durumdur. \u0130ntihal konusunun yasayla d\u00fczenlenmesi pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fiye geldi\u011fi gibi bana da \u015fahsen itici geliyor. Fakat ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer ve onlar\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n mal\u00ee haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruma kayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ilerek ve akademik-bilimsel kayg\u0131lardan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak yap\u0131lacak ciddi bir intihal yasas\u0131na, bilimsel ya\u015fam\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck nicel ve ayn\u0131 oranda olmasa da baz\u0131 nitel geni\u015flemeler ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkiye toplumunda her zamankinden daha \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d (Y. Hakan Erdem, s.21)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBilim eti\u011fi dedi\u011fimizde, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k gibi de\u011ferlerden insana ve \u00e7evreye zarar vermeme gibi norm ve kurallara uzanan geni\u015f bir yelpazeyi kastediyoruz. \u2026Bilimsel d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck, bilimsel veri ve bulgular\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lmadan yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131, ba\u015fka ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131rken haklar\u0131n\u0131n teslim edilmesi gibi ilkeleri kaps\u0131yor, dolays\u0131yla da a\u015f\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131k (intihal), sahtekarl\u0131k ve uydurmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n z\u0131dd\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor. A\u015f\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131k, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n emek ve \u00e7abas\u0131na bir sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k haks\u0131zl\u0131k iken, sahtekarl\u0131k ve uydurmac\u0131l\u0131k etik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bilimsel bilgi \u00fcretiminin g\u00fcvenirli\u011fini de zedeleyen davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imleri.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Bilimsel d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fckle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan davran\u0131\u015flar sahtekarl\u0131k ve uydurmac\u0131l\u0131ktan ibaret de\u011fil ku\u015fkusuz. A\u015f\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131k da di\u011ferleri kadar d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fckle \u00e7eli\u015fen bir davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi. Bilimsel devrim s\u0131ras\u0131nda bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u015fikayet ettikleri, onlar\u0131 en \u00e7ok u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131ran meselelerden biri de bu. Bu d\u00f6nemde a\u015f\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131k daha \u00e7ok, birinin elyazmalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131narak yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131, korsan kitap bas\u0131m\u0131, ba\u015fkas\u0131na ait bir eserden o yazar\u0131n ismi hi\u00e7 zikredilmeden sayfalarca kopya \u00e7ekilmesi bi\u00e7iminde tezah\u00fcr ediyor. Do\u011fall\u0131kla, a\u015f\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131k meselesi, yazarl\u0131k, \u00f6d\u00fcl ve itibar kavramlar\u0131yla s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ilgili.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Bu itibarla, bilimsel faaliyeti d\u00fczenleyen kurallar\u0131n hukuktan \u00e7ok eti\u011fin alan\u0131na girdi\u011fi ve bir gelenek meselesi oldu\u011fu, bilimsel bilgi \u00fcretiminde as\u0131l \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn tan\u0131nma ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131k oldu\u011fu, buna paralel olarak etik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n bedelinin sayg\u0131nl\u0131k kayb\u0131 oldu\u011fu hep g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bilimsel d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ve g\u00fcven her \u015feyden \u00f6nce etik kavramlard\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d (G\u00fcrol Irz\u0131k, s.55, 58, 64, 65)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131: Bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, edebiyatta, sanatta intihal (=a\u015f\u0131rma) denen s\u00f6z ve yaz\u0131 h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya yankesicili\u011fi maalesef \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n ve her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcnde daha fazla yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131yor. \u201cDe\u011ferli tarih\u00e7i H. Erdem taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olarak anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere intihal, \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u0131l\u0131flar alt\u0131nda bu topraklarda as\u0131rlar boyunca k\u00f6k salm\u0131\u015f. A\u015f\u0131rmayla ilgili k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve yasal cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ise, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dahi, olduk\u00e7a etkisiz. Ve nihayet bu s\u00f6z konusu intihal yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu \u2018entelekt\u00fcel miskinlik\u2019, ku\u015fkusuz y\u00fcz k\u0131zart\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, uluslararas\u0131 bilim \u00e7evrelerince de olduk\u00e7a iyi biliniyor<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ama bu yap\u0131lanlar, basit, s\u0131radan \u015feyler de\u011fil; en hafif deyimle ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r, emek ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Kepazeliktir. Benim bildi\u011fim, t\u00fcm ahlaki \u00f6\u011fretiler ve dini inan\u00e7lar ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz k\u0131zart\u0131c\u0131 bir su\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6rmekte ve ay\u0131plamaktad\u0131r, ama ne hikmetse intihal denilen ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131k, \u201cs\u00f6z ve yaz\u0131 h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d a\u015fik\u00e2r bir \u015fekilde yay\u0131nla\u015f\u0131yor. O zaman, nedeni ba\u015fka yerde aramal\u0131y\u0131z: \u201cTarih boyunca birey de\u011fil de toplum ahlak\u0131na \u00e7eki d\u00fczen vermek isteyen y\u00f6netimler \u00e7ok olmu\u015ftur. Ancak alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek belirtmek gerek. Her \u00f6rnekte yine b\u00f6yle otoriter devreler her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ahlak d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu zamanlar olmu\u015ftur<\/em>.\u201d (s.11)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15 Haziran 2016 tarihinde ve sonras\u0131nda<\/strong><\/em>:
http:\/\/www.gelawej.net de,
http:\/\/www.insanokur.org da,
http:\/\/argun.org da,
http:\/\/kuyerel.org da,
http:\/\/www.tigrishaber.com da yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

Ay\u015fe Erzan<\/a>, <\/span>bilim<\/a>, <\/span>Emre G\u00f6kyayla<\/a>, <\/span>ergani<\/a>, <\/span>ergani kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>Etik<\/a>, <\/span>G\u00fcrol Irz\u0131k<\/a>, <\/span>hilar<\/a>, <\/span>\u0130ntihal<\/a>, <\/span>Korsanl\u0131k<\/a>, <\/span>m\u00fcsl\u00fcm \u00fcz\u00fclmez<\/a>, <\/span>Racon kesmek<\/a>, <\/span>Y. Hakan Erdem<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cBazen diyorum ki; ne olacak s\u00f6yle gitsin.Sonra diyorum; s\u00f6yleyince ne olacak, sus bitsin.\u201d -Cemal S\u00fcreya Bir tesad\u00fcf sonucu Bilim Eti\u011fi G\u00fcn\u00fc adl\u0131 bir kitap\u00e7\u0131k elime ge\u00e7ti. \u0130lgin\u00e7 ve \u00f6\u011fretici oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in zevkle okudum. Eme\u011fi ge\u00e7enleri kutluyorum. Kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131m tarihi biraz eski. \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi 2012\u2019de yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f. Kitap\u00e7\u0131k, 4 Ekim 2011 tarihinde \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Etik Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen Bilim Eti\u011fi G\u00fcn\u00fcnde Y. Hakan Erdem, Ay\u015fe Erzan, K. Emre G\u00f6kyayla, G\u00fcrol Irz\u0131k, Hasan Yaz\u0131c\u0131, Paul D. White taraf\u0131ndan sunulmu\u015f olan bildirilerden olu\u015fuyor. Sunulan bildirilerde, \u201cbilimselli\u011fin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce temellerine, raconuna ve ahlak\u0131na t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ters\u201d olan bilim ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6nemli sorunu intihal (=a\u015f\u0131rma) \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nleriyle ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1197],"tags":[1443,674,1440,129,1447,1441,1442,892,1439,1446,845,1445,1444],"class_list":["post-4515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kultur","tag-ayse-erzan","tag-bilim","tag-emre-gokyayla","tag-ergani","tag-ergani-kaymakamligi","tag-etik","tag-gurol-irzik","tag-hilar","tag-intihal","tag-korsanlik","tag-muslum-uzulmez","tag-racon-kesmek","tag-y-hakan-erdem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4515","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4515"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4515\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4516,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4515\/revisions\/4516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}