{"id":4476,"date":"2018-11-01T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-11-01T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4476"},"modified":"2023-04-22T18:07:35","modified_gmt":"2023-04-22T18:07:35","slug":"madene-ne-oldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4476","title":{"rendered":"Maden’e Ne Oldu?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

c\u0131v\u0131l c\u0131v\u0131l bir i\u015f\u00e7i kentinden hayalet bir kasabaya<\/em><\/strong>…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Madencili\u011fin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131, geli\u015fimini, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7indeki d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerden birini se\u00e7memiz gerekiyor. En uygun olarak 12 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesini, yani Neolitik d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 ele alabiliriz. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z co\u011frafyan\u0131n ve de ser\u00fcvenini anlataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Maden il\u00e7esinin tarihini bilmemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131lan arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar sonucu; Diyarbak\u0131r-Ergani\u2019de bulunan \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\/<\/strong>Qoteber\u00e7em<\/strong> yerle\u015fimi (M\u00d6 7500-5000), Urfa-Hilvan\u2019da bulunan Newala \u00c7ori<\/strong> (M\u00d6 9000-7500), Batman\u2019daki \u00c7em\u00ea<\/strong> Xalan<\/strong> (M\u00d6 10600-10000) y\u0131llar\u0131na tarihlenmektedir. Bu yerle\u015fimler Neolitik d\u00f6nemin en belirgin ve en erken temsilcileridir. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, bu yerler, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Neolitik d\u00f6nemde\/Ta\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda ilk \u00f6nce bu co\u011frafyada ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en iyi kan\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qoteber\u00e7em, Newala \u00c7ori <\/strong>ve \u00c7em\u00ea Xalan, yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan, bulunan bir tarihtir. \u00d6ncelikle arpa, bu\u011fday ekiminin ilk yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, koyun ke\u00e7i ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131r gibi yaban hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n ilk defa evcille\u015ftirildi\u011fi, tarihte ilk kez insan eliyle kerpi\u00e7 ve ev tipinde bar\u0131naklar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler olmas\u0131 nedeniyle uygarl\u0131k tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fck yerlerdir. Tarihin \u015fafa\u011f\u0131nda uygarl\u0131\u011fa be\u015fiklik yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck sayesinde, yani tar\u0131m\u0131n ilk yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, yaban hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n ilk evcille\u015ftirilmesi, insan eliyle ilk bar\u0131naklar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi toplumsal ilerlemeden dolay\u0131 n\u00fcfusta ve \u00fcretimde ya\u015fanan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc patlama, daha fazla bulu\u015f ve ke\u015fiflerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 tetiklemi\u015ftir. Bu yerle\u015fim yerlerinde ya\u015fayanlar madencilik, kaba dokumac\u0131l\u0131k ve pi\u015firilmi\u015f \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek\u00e7ilik, ayr\u0131ca \u015fehirle\u015fme, yaz\u0131 ve kay\u0131t tutma alanlar\u0131nda bulu\u015flar yaparak ya da bu bulu\u015flara b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131da bulunarak toplumsal geli\u015fmeye muazzam katk\u0131 sunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski end\u00fcstriyel b\u00f6lgesi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131lan arkeolojik kaz\u0131lara g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada madencili\u011fin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 Qoteber\u00e7em, Newala \u00c7ori <\/strong>ve \u00c7em\u00ea Xalan \u00e7evresidir. Za\u011fros ve Toros da\u011flar\u0131 bak\u0131r ve demir cevherleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin bir aland\u0131r. Ve Antik \u00c7a\u011f insanlar\u0131 bu alanda bulunan maden kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fletmeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Belgelerden bunu rahatl\u0131kla okuyabiliriz. Harvard \u00dcniversitesi (ABD) \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Prof. Dr. Mehrdad R. Izady yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda; \u201c\u0130nsan \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f devrinden devrimci maden (s\u0131ras\u0131yla bak\u0131r, bronz ve demir) \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yan kimi ilk madencilik teknolojilerinin geli\u015fimi<\/em>\u201dnin\u201cDiyarbak\u0131r yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan 8000 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc b\u00f6lgesinde<\/em>\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini yazmaktad\u0131r. (Bir El Kitab\u0131 K\u00fcrtler<\/strong>, Doz Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul-2004, s.392<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izady, yine ayn\u0131 kitab\u0131n bir ba\u015fka yerinde ise \u015funlar\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131r: \u201c\u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ndeki topluluk, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n, madencili\u011fe ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f olan iki toplulu\u011fundan biri olmu\u015ftur (Braidwood 1969, Caldwell 1967). Burada ke\u015ffedilen bak\u0131r aletler, M\u00d6. 5. biny\u0131l\u0131n birinci yar\u0131s\u0131na tarihlenmektedir. Bak\u0131rdan ve kalaydan yap\u0131lan bir ala\u015f\u0131m olan bronz bak\u0131rdan daha kat\u0131 ve daha kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir \u0131s\u0131da erir ve bu y\u00fczden i\u015flenmesi daha kolayd\u0131r. \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019nde bronz aletler M\u00d6. 4. biny\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r; Avrupa\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131ndan tam\u0131 tam\u0131na 2000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gerekli maden cevherlerinin yak\u0131nlarda olu\u015fu, madencilik alan\u0131ndaki ilerlemeleri kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n al\u00fcvyonlu ovalar\u0131 neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fcyle maden rezervlerinden yoksunken, Za\u011fros, Toros, Amanos da\u011flar\u0131, ayr\u0131ca Cudi volkanik olu\u015fumlar\u0131 b\u00f6yle rezervlerle dolup ta\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekten de, \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc \u00e7evreleyen b\u00f6lge, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ya\u015fayan en eski end\u00fcstriyel yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc neredeyse 7000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ba\u015flayan bak\u0131r d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerinden ve bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lma e\u015fya \u00fcreticili\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de devam etmektedir.<\/em>\u201d (M. R. Izady, age., s.64<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nihat Karademir ise Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Son Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00dcRTLER<\/strong> kitab\u0131nda Ergani Bak\u0131r Maden \u0130\u015fletmesi\u2019nin 1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131lardaki durumunu \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle anlatmaktad\u0131r: \u201cB\u00f6lge [K\u00fcrdistan] \u00f6zellikle maden kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengindir. Maden-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun kazas\u0131nda bir zamanlar g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f madeni de bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, son d\u00f6nemlerde sadece bak\u0131r madeni i\u015flenmektedir. Ergani\u2019de bulunan ve y\u0131ll\u0131k kapasitesi d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz ton olan de\u011ferli bak\u0131r madenleri ise ilkel \u015fartlarda ve Avusturyal\u0131 maden uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n nezaretinde, Rum maden i\u015f\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenmektedir. Bu madenler, bazen madenlerin ke\u015ffinin kendi \u00fclkelerinin yabanc\u0131 ordular\u0131n i\u015fgaline u\u011framas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanaca\u011f\u0131ndan endi\u015fe eden K\u00fcrtlerin tepkilerinden dolay\u0131, ama \u00e7o\u011funlukla y\u00f6neticilerin yolsuzluklar\u0131, teknolojik yetersizlik ve maliyetleri art\u0131ran bak\u0131ms\u0131z yollar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden verimsiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim h\u00fck\u00fcmet Ergani madenlerinin daha verimli i\u015fletilmesi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 te\u015febb\u00fcslerde bulunmu\u015f, ancak maden b\u00f6lgesinin limanlara olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 nakliye maliyetinden dolay\u0131 istenen verim al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d (N\u00fbbihar Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2017 \u0130stanbul, s.368-369.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015f d\u00f6neminde, 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda, Kemalist kadro Bat\u0131\u2019dan kredi aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girdi. \u201cMuvaffak olamay\u0131nca da Rusya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelmek zorunda kald\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde Birinci Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Sanayi Pl\u00e2n\u0131 (BBYSP) Sovyet uzmanlar\u0131nca haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ad\u0131na \u2018Orlof Pl\u00e2n\u0131\u2019 ad\u0131 verildi. Bu pl\u00e2n d\u00e2hiline Ergani Bak\u0131r Maden \u0130\u015fletmeleri de al\u0131nd\u0131<\/em>.\u201d (Dr. H\u00fcseyin Koca, Yak\u0131n Tarihten G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin Do\u011fu-G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu Politikalar\u0131 \/Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flikten Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal Valili\u011fine<\/strong>, Mikro Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 Bilimsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dizisi, Konya, s.391)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mediha Baysal, 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda Devlet Bas\u0131mevi taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131lan Ergani Bak\u0131r Yata\u011f\u0131 (1937)<\/strong> kitab\u0131nda bak\u0131r madeninin \u00f6nemi \u00fczerinde durur. Hem devletin resmi bir belgesinde Maden\u2019den h\u00e2l\u00e2 Ergani diye bahseder olu\u015funu hem de b\u00f6ylesine zengin bak\u0131r yataklar\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n uygulanan yanl\u0131\u015f ekonomik politikalar sonucu kapat\u0131lan bir i\u015fletmenin tarihini ve ekonomiye katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bilmemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir kaynak \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan kitaptan sadece \u00fc\u00e7 c\u00fcmle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnadolu\u2019da bak\u0131r istihsal edilmek i\u00e7in izni al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f madenler pek \u00e7oktur. Fakat bunlar i\u00e7inde ihracat yapabilecek kadar zengin yataklar azd\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki bak\u0131r havzalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bilhassa Ergani\u2019nin iktisad\u00ee bak\u0131mdan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131ymeti vard\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d (Age., s.7)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ey i\u015f\u00e7ileri koruyan \u2018Ergane Atena\u2019!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131ymetin de\u011ferini ne yaz\u0131k ki bilemedik, Ergani Bak\u0131r Maden \u0130\u015fletmesi\u2019nin yerinde \u015fimdi yeller esiyor. Tarihini ve ekonomik kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131ymetini bilmeyenler tarihi ve ekonomik miraslar\u0131 koruyabilir miydi zaten?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ergani bak\u0131r madeni ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyada bilinen en eski maden ocaklar\u0131ndan biri oldu\u011fu d\u00fcnya bilim \u00e7evrelerince kabul edilmekte ve \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\/Qoteber\u00e7em\u2019de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka yerlerinden 2 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce madencili\u011fe ge\u00e7ildi\u011fi, t\u00fcm tarih\u00ee \u00e7a\u011flarda da \u00f6nemini hep korudu\u011fu belirtilmektedir (Max-Planck Institute, \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc and the Beginnings of Metallurg<\/strong><\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ergani <\/strong>ad\u0131na temel te\u015fkil eden Arghini<\/strong> <\/em>yer ad\u0131n\u0131n arg<\/strong> <\/em>kelimesinden, geni\u015f anlamda maden ve di\u011fer metaller kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 maden yeri anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini belirtmektedirler.(1)<\/sup> Ergani ve Maden hep birlikte telaffuz edilmi\u015ftir. Ergani s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, \u00e7ok eski bir yerle\u015fim yeri olan ve eski bak\u0131r at\u00f6lyelerine verilen isimle an\u0131lan Kalhana <\/strong>(Yolk\u00f6pr\u00fc) k\u00f6y\u00fc, Maden<\/strong>\u2019deki bak\u0131r madeni cevheri (Erganibak\u0131r) ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Ergani Bak\u0131r Maden \u0130\u015fletmesi<\/strong><\/em>\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sav\u0131 do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131r ve maden i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finden olacak ki, Eski Yunanlar i\u015f\u00e7ileri koruyan mitolojik tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 Atena <\/strong>i\u00e7in, \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Atena<\/strong>\u201d anlam\u0131nda \u201cErgane Atena<\/strong>\u201d demi\u015flerdir. (Ya\u015far Atan, Akdeniz Tanr\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong>, Evrensel Bas\u0131m Yay\u0131n, s.83-91<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maden, ate\u015f, bak\u0131r, demir i\u015fli\u011fi ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri Ergani ve Maden\u2019in i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyaya asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7 de yabanc\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fckler de\u011fil. Ergani ve Maden isimleri ile tarih\u00ee zenginlikteki arkeolojik buluntular <\/strong>bunun kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fcm sonbahar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayan Maden<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maden il\u00e7esi (Elaz\u0131\u011f), Dicle nehrinin sa\u011f k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na h\u00e2kim bir yama\u00e7 \u00fczerine kuruludur. Tarihi bir mek\u00e2nd\u0131r, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi \u00e7ok eskilere dayan\u0131r. Kurulu\u015f nedeni burada bulunan bak\u0131r madeninin bulunmas\u0131 ve i\u015fletilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhuriyetten sonra Etibank Ergani Bak\u0131r Maden \u0130\u015fletmesi<\/strong> ad\u0131yla faaliyet g\u00f6steren i\u015fletme yanl\u0131\u015f politikalar ve k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netimlerin bir sonucu olarak kapat\u0131ld\u0131, art\u0131k yok.(2<\/sup>) Fabrika kapat\u0131l\u0131nca Maden\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, ya\u015fayanlar Maden\u2019i terk ederek ba\u015fka diyarlara g\u00f6\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kasabas\u0131 Maden \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcrecine girdi. Toplam n\u00fcfus 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda 15151 iken, 2013\u2019te 5125\u2019e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fabrikan\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kay\u0131p oldu. Emek ve al\u0131n teriyle var edilen k\u0131ymetli bir miras yok oldu. Maden kasabas\u0131 da \u00f6nemini yitirip viran oldu. \u015eimdi h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc sonbahar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor art\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maden\u2019den an\u0131lar\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1975 y\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131nda 60 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc olan kimya m\u00fchendisli\u011fi staj\u0131<\/em>m\u0131 Maden\u2019de bulunan Etibank Ergani Bak\u0131r Maden \u0130\u015fletmesi<\/em>\u2019nde yapt\u0131m. Staj d\u00f6nemimde maden sahas\u0131, k\u0131rma, \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme, flotasyon (cevher zenginle\u015ftirme), izabe, laboratuvar, asit \u00fcnitesi gibi hemen hemen t\u00fcm birimlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Yemekhanesinde yemek yedim, izabede i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7ay\u0131 i\u00e7tim, sendika lokalinde i\u015f\u00e7i toplant\u0131lar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131m. \u0130\u015fletmede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gen\u00e7 devrimcilerle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. G\u00fczel an\u0131lar\u0131m oldu. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n s\u0131cak ilgisini ve i\u015f\u00e7ilere her g\u00fcn birer tane da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan ve staj d\u00f6nemimde bana da verilen tay\u0131n<\/strong> <\/em>denilen <\/em>somun ekme\u011fin kokusunu ve tad\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 unutmad\u0131m! Ayr\u0131ca, 1975\u2019te, babam\u0131n Maden \u0130l\u00e7e M\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fck binas\u0131 biti\u015fi\u011findeki caminin minaresini yap\u0131yordu. Ben ve karde\u015fim Ali Haydar\u2019\u0131n ta\u015f yontma, duvar \u00f6rme, har\u00e7 yapma ve malzeme ta\u015f\u0131ma gibi bir\u00e7ok i\u015flerde babamla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Minarenin \u00fczerinden Maden\u2019i ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 seyretmenin g\u00fczelli\u011fini hi\u00e7 unutmad\u0131m, harikayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Servis arabalar\u0131 bak\u0131r ve emek kokard\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maden bak\u0131r i\u015fletmesi \u00fc\u00e7 vardiya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m d\u00f6nemde 163 memur, 2665 i\u015f\u00e7i olmak \u00fczere toplam 2828 personel vard\u0131, 1994\u2019te toplam personel say\u0131s\u0131 191\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc! Fabrikada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Erganiliydi ve bu nedenle, Maden\u2019e Ergani\u2019den sabah, ak\u015fam ve gece Belediye Park\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden i\u015f\u00e7i servisleri kalkard\u0131. Park\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Yahya amcam ve babam farkl\u0131 tarihlerde kahve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rlard\u0131. Bu kahvelerde zaman zaman ben de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler servislere binmeden \u00f6nce kahvede veya kahve \u00f6n\u00fcnde oturur sohbet eder, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r, oyun oynar ve \u00e7aylar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erlerdi. Kahvelerdeki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerle tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131n, Maden\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerle samimi s\u0131cak ili\u015fkiler kurmama \u00e7ok faydas\u0131 oldu. Staj yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m zaman, Ergani\u2019den i\u015f\u00e7ilerle birlikte ayn\u0131 servise binip fabrikaya gidip geliyordum: Servis arabalar\u0131 bak\u0131r ve emek kokuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fabrikada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda kahvelerde, sendika lokalinde kendi aralar\u0131ndaki konu\u015fmalarda ve sendika se\u00e7imlerinde Erganililer ile ba\u015fka kasabal\u0131lar, Cumhuriyet Halk Partililer ile Adalet Partililer aras\u0131nda bitmez t\u00fckenmez k\u0131yas\u0131ya bir tart\u0131\u015fma, m\u00fccadele vard\u0131. S\u0131n\u0131f ve kitle sendikac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok uzak olsalar da ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131yla ilk defa sendika, s\u00f6zle\u015fme, sigorta, i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi, grev gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri bu i\u015fletmede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan duydum ve anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 kavrad\u0131m. Sadece ben de\u011fil, t\u00fcm \u00e7evre k\u00f6y ve il\u00e7elerde ya\u015fayanlar da s\u00f6z konusu s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri bu fabrika \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131ndan duymu\u015ftur diyebilirim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fabrika \u015fimdi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan\u0131yla binlerce insan Ergani Bak\u0131r Maden \u0130\u015fletmesinden ekmek yedi. Ama t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi ba\u015fta i\u015fletmenin y\u00f6neticileri ve sar\u0131 sendikac\u0131lar olmak \u00fczere \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 kurumlar\u0131 hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedi, ta\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcne ta\u015f b\u0131rakmad\u0131, ekmek yedikleri kurumlar\u0131 hor ve bilin\u00e7sizce kulland\u0131lar. \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131yla birlikte \u015fimdi ne bak\u0131r i\u015fletme kurumu, ne \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i, ne de ekmek kald\u0131!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6lgedeki ilk tenis kortu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oysa 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Maden ne \u00e7ok canl\u0131, hareketli ve \u00e7ekim merkezi olan bir kasabayd\u0131. \u0130nsanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ve \u00fcretmenin mutlulu\u011funu ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Solgun olsa da y\u00fczler g\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131 pazar insan kayn\u0131yordu. Kahveler, lokantalar, bakkal d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131, oteller i\u015flekti. \u0130\u015fletme ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olu\u015fu nedeniyle esnaf\u0131n keyfi yerindeydi. \u0130nsanlar i\u015f bulup \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, i\u015fyeri a\u00e7mak, bir \u015feyler satmak i\u00e7in trenle, arabayla, binek hayvanlar\u0131yla Maden\u2019e gelirdi. Tren istasyonunda, garda katar ve vagonlar s\u00fcrekli hareket halindeydi; durmadan y\u00fck, malzeme, bak\u0131r, yolcu ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Sinema ve kad\u0131n kuaf\u00f6rleri kasabaya renk kat\u0131yordu. \u0130\u015fletmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hastane, t\u00fcm \u00e7evredeki insanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na derman olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ilk tenis kortu 1936 sonras\u0131nda halkla ili\u015fkisi olmayan i\u015fletmenin se\u00e7kin y\u00f6neticileri i\u00e7in Maden\u2019e yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve tenis kortunun bulundu\u011fu semtin ad\u0131 bu m\u00fcnasebetle Tenis<\/strong> olarak an\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Evler bak\u0131ml\u0131, badanal\u0131 ve \u015firindi; yama\u00e7lara kibrit kutusu gibi birbirinin \u00fczerine oturtulmu\u015f vaziyetteydiler. Mahalleler geceleri \u0131\u015f\u0131l \u0131\u015f\u0131l parlar, sanki g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcndeki y\u0131ld\u0131zlara \u00f6zenerek titre\u015fip s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6z k\u0131rparlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi hepsi hayal oldu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evler viraneye, kasaba hayalet bir kente d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emek ve \u00fcretimin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yerde hayat da tutunam\u0131yor maalesef!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dipnotlar<\/strong><\/em>
(1) Yerli ve yabanc\u0131 pek \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, tarihi belgeler ve tarihten gelen ili\u015fkiler nedeniyle \u00e7o\u011fu kez Ergani (Diyarbak\u0131r) ve Maden (Elaz\u0131\u011f) il\u00e7eleri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Maden il\u00e7esinde bulunan bak\u0131r madeninin Ergani ismiyle \u00f6zde\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131, 1846 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ergani Sancak merkezinin Ergani\u2019den Maden\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve bu ta\u015f\u0131nmayla birlikte isminin Erganimaden Sanca\u011f\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilip sanca\u011f\u0131n Diyarbekir\u2019e ba\u011flanmas\u0131, sonra 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1926 tarih ve 877 say\u0131l\u0131 yasayla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yap\u0131lan yeni idari d\u00fczenlemeyle sancak y\u00f6netimlerine son verilmesi, Erganimaden Sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n la\u011fvedilmesi ve Ergani\u2019nin il\u00e7e olarak Osmaniye ad\u0131yla Diyarbekir\u2019e, Maden\u2019in Ergani Madeni ad\u0131yla il\u00e7e olarak El\u00e2ziz\u2019e ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan Osmaniye ve Ergani Madeni ismi tutmay\u0131nca 26 Nisan 1937 tarih ve 3589 say\u0131l\u0131 yasayla yeniden \u201cErgani Osmaniye kazas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 (Ergani)\u201d, \u201cErgani Madeni kazas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 (Maden)\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gibi olgular bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klara neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/em>
(2) Ergani Bak\u0131r \u0130\u015fletmesi \u00f6nce 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ile 10 y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na Ber-Oner Madencilik \u015eirketine sat\u0131ld\u0131, sonra 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda ihaleyle 22,6 milyon YTL bedelle Eti G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f A.\u015e.’ye m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131yla birlikte sat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

*dilop dergisi’nde yay\u0131nland\u0131. Sal: 1 Hejmar: 5 Sermawez-Berfanbar (Kas\u0131m-Aral\u0131k) 2018<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

Akdeniz Tanr\u0131lar\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>Arghini<\/a>, <\/span>Atena<\/a>, <\/span>B\u00f6lgedeki ilk tenis kortu<\/a>, <\/span>\u00e7ay\u00f6n\u00fc<\/a>, <\/span>\u00e7em\u00ea xalan<\/a>, <\/span>Dilop<\/a>, <\/span>ergane atena<\/a>, <\/span>Ergani Bak\u0131r Maden \u0130\u015fletmesi<\/a>, <\/span>Ergani Bak\u0131r Yata\u011f\u0131 (1937)<\/a>, <\/span>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Atena<\/a>, <\/span>maden<\/a>, <\/span>Mediha Baysal<\/a>, <\/span>mehrdad r. izady<\/a>, <\/span>newala \u00e7ori<\/a>, <\/span>Orlof Pl\u00e2n\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>Qote ber \u00e7em<\/a>, <\/span>Ya\u015far Atan<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

c\u0131v\u0131l c\u0131v\u0131l bir i\u015f\u00e7i kentinden hayalet bir kasabaya… Madencili\u011fin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131, geli\u015fimini, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7indeki d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerden birini se\u00e7memiz gerekiyor. En uygun olarak 12 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesini, yani Neolitik d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 ele alabiliriz. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z co\u011frafyan\u0131n ve de ser\u00fcvenini anlataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Maden il\u00e7esinin tarihini bilmemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu \u00f6nemli. Yap\u0131lan arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar sonucu; Diyarbak\u0131r-Ergani\u2019de bulunan \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc\/Qoteber\u00e7em yerle\u015fimi (M\u00d6 7500-5000), Urfa-Hilvan\u2019da bulunan Newala \u00c7ori (M\u00d6 9000-7500), Batman\u2019daki \u00c7em\u00ea Xalan (M\u00d6 10600-10000) y\u0131llar\u0131na tarihlenmektedir. Bu yerle\u015fimler Neolitik d\u00f6nemin en belirgin ve en erken temsilcileridir. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, bu yerler, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Neolitik d\u00f6nemde\/Ta\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda ilk \u00f6nce bu co\u011frafyada ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en iyi kan\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r. Qoteber\u00e7em, Newala<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1064],"tags":[1195,1194,1261,1318,896,900,873,904,1198,1319,888,895,1212,889,899,1208,1317,1196],"class_list":["post-4476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","tag-akdeniz-tanrilari","tag-arghini","tag-atena","tag-bolgedeki-ilk-tenis-kortu","tag-cayonu-2","tag-ceme-xalan","tag-dilop","tag-ergane-atena","tag-ergani-bakir-maden-isletmesi","tag-ergani-bakir-yatagi-1937","tag-isci-atena","tag-maden","tag-mediha-baysal","tag-mehrdad-r-izady","tag-newala-cori-2","tag-orlof-plani","tag-qote-ber-cem-2","tag-yasar-atan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4476"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4476\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4563,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4476\/revisions\/4563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}