Bu yaz\u0131mda d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Rus yazar Anton \u00c7ehov\u2019u anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. \u00c7ehov, despot bir baban\u0131n ve ki\u015fili\u011fi sinik bir annenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak 1860 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Taganrog \u015fehrinde d\u00fcnyaya gelir. Cin gibi alt\u0131 karde\u015fiyle birlikte zorluklar i\u00e7inde ya\u015far. Zor ko\u015fullar ve baba bask\u0131s\u0131 kendisini y\u0131ld\u0131rmaz; lise \u00f6\u011frenimini Taganrog\u2019da, t\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenimini de Moskova\u2019da tamamlayarak doktor olur. Karde\u015fine; \u201cYasal kar\u0131m olan t\u0131p d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bir de metresim var: Edebiyat\u201d (s.90) dese de, asl\u0131nda \u201cmetres\u201di onu \u201cyasal e\u015f\u201di t\u0131ptan daha \u00e7ok ilgilendirir. Doktorlu\u011fuyla de\u011fil, \u00f6yk\u00fc ve piyesleriyle \u015f\u00f6hretin doruklar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r. Zirvedeyken 2 Temmuz 1904\u2019te Almanya\u2019da hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumar, 9 Temmuz\u2019da Moskova\u2019da topra\u011fa verilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ehov, \u00f6yk\u00fc yazmaya lise y\u0131llar\u0131nda ba\u015flar. T\u0131p okurken ailenin ge\u00e7imine katk\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6yk\u00fc yazmaya h\u0131z verir ve pe\u015f pe\u015fe yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 metinleri sanat dergilerine g\u00f6nderir. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden ustala\u015f\u0131r, edebiyat d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ad\u0131m atar ve Rusya\u2019da \u00fcnl\u00fc bir yazar olur. K\u0131sa \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son yirmi be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6yk\u00fc ve az say\u0131da piyes yazarak d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131nda sayg\u0131n bir yer edinir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de eserleri zevkle okunan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir yazard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6yk\u00fc ve piyeslerinde yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri, aristokratlar\u0131, toprak a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131, sanayicileri, i\u015f\u00e7ileri, esnaf ve t\u00fcccarlar\u0131, doktorlar\u0131, avukatlar\u0131, polisleri, subaylar\u0131, eczac\u0131lar\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretmenleri, papazlar\u0131, zango\u00e7lar\u0131, yani Rusya\u2019n\u0131n insan yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011fu h\u00e2liyle anlat\u0131r. T\u00fcm duyargalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r bir vaziyette insanlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyip ince, biraz da h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc mizahi bir \u00fcslupla foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eker gibi yazarak topluma ayna tutar. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 yarg\u0131lamadan, su\u00e7lamadan, kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6vme veya su\u00e7lamaya giri\u015fmeden, her hangi bir konuda yan tutup okuru etkilemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan sadece ne durumda olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolunu g\u00f6stermez, okuyucuyu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolunu aramaya zorlar. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolunu g\u00f6stermenin sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu tutumu olup bitenlere kar\u015f\u0131 duyars\u0131z ya da tarafs\u0131z demek de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Fransa\u2019da 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda haks\u0131z yere cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan Alfred Dreyfus\u2019un davas\u0131 ve bu dava s\u00fcrerken \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar \u00c9mile Zola\u2019n\u0131n cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cSu\u00e7luyorum\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kab\u0131na s\u0131\u011fmaz olur: \u201cZola, soylu bir insan\u2026 ve ben onun at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla co\u015fuyorum. Fransa ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir \u00fclke ve onun ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yazarlar\u0131 var\u201d (s.239) diye tarihe not d\u00fc\u015fer. Zola\u2019ya sald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ona hayranl\u0131k duyar. Sonras\u0131nda, A. Hotiayintseva\u2019ya \u015funlar\u0131 yazar: \u201cBana, Zola\u2019n\u0131n hakl\u0131 oldu\u011funa hep inan\u0131yor musun diye soruyorsunuz. Ben de size soruyorum: Beni ger\u00e7ekten o kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc m\u00fc bellemi\u015fsiniz ki, bir an olsun, Zola\u2019dan yana oldu\u011fumdan ku\u015fkuya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsunuz? \u015eimdi onu a\u011f\u0131r cezada yarg\u0131layan insanlar, b\u00fct\u00fcn generaller ve soylular s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan tan\u0131klar, bence onun t\u0131rnaklar\u0131n\u0131n bir tekine bile de\u011fmezler.\u201d (s.240)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anton \u00c7ehov\u2019un hayat m\u00fccadelesi, ailesini koruyucu \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131na al\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ili\u015fkileri, hayata ve sanata bak\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00f6yk\u00fc ve piyeslerini yaz\u0131m ser\u00fcvenleri, Sahalin Adas\u0131’nda bulunan k\u00fcrek mahk\u00fbmlar\u0131n\u0131 izlemeye gidi\u015fi, F. Mihaylovi\u00e7 Dostoyevski ve \u0130van Turgenyev\u2019e dair d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, \u201cya\u015fl\u0131 peygamber\u201d Lev Tolstoy ve Maksim Gorki ile bulu\u015fmalar\u0131 ve ili\u015fkileri, bir sanat\u00e7\u0131 olarak politikaya kar\u015f\u0131 tutumu, a\u015fklar\u0131, insanlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olma istek ve \u00e7abalar\u0131, bir doktor olarak insanlara yard\u0131ma ko\u015farken kendi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsememesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, ilgin\u00e7 ve \u00f6\u011fretici. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise kendi \u015fan\u0131na yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r g\u00fczellikte nefis bir vedala\u015fma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ehov, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsemeden s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve yazan bir d\u00e2hiydi. \u00c7ileli disiplinli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kendisiyle ilgili: \u201cManast\u0131rlara dinsizler al\u0131nsayd\u0131 ve insan dua etmeyebilseydi, ke\u015fi\u015f olurdum\u201d(s.203) diye yazacakt\u0131r bir g\u00fcn. S\u0131k gezmelerine, devaml\u0131 dostlar\u0131yla bir araya gelmelerine, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131rmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma temposuna ne yaz\u0131k ki v\u00fccuda fazla dayanamaz, k\u0131rk d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131na girdi\u011finde art\u0131k \u00e7ok hastad\u0131r, veremdir, s\u00fcrekli kan t\u00fck\u00fcrmektedir. Bir erkek karde\u015fi ve halas\u0131 veremden \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u201caile hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlar. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ileri a\u015famas\u0131nda Moskova\u2019da kendisini muayene eden doktor Almanya\u2019da \u00fcnl\u00fc bir doktora gitmesini \u00f6nerir. 15 Haziran 1904 tarihinde e\u015fi Olga ile birlikte Almanya\u2019ya gider. Verem uzman\u0131 doktorun ilk m\u00fcdahalesinden sonra biraz rahatlar gibi olur. Ama sonras\u0131nda bir g\u00fcn yataktan uyan\u0131nca doktor ister. Bu, hayat\u0131nda ilk defa yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015feydir. O g\u00fcn ya\u015fananlar\u0131 Henri Troyat \u015f\u00f6yle yazacakt\u0131r sonradan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cPencere ard\u0131na dek a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00c7ehov\u2019un aln\u0131 ter i\u00e7indeydi. Solu\u011fu kesiliyordu. Dr. Schw\u00f6hrer, sabah\u0131n ikisinde geldi. Onu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u00c7ehov, yast\u0131ktan ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rd\u0131. …Doktor ona hemen bir k\u00e2furi i\u011fnesi yapt\u0131. Sonra, kalp yan\u0131t vermeyince, bir oksijen t\u00fcp\u00fc getirmelerini istedi. Sonuna dek bilin\u00e7li olan \u00c7ehov, kesik kesik bir sesle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00abArt\u0131k her \u015fey gereksiz. T\u00fcp gelmeden \u00f6nce, bir kadavra olaca\u011f\u0131m.\u00bb O zaman, Dr. Schw\u00f6hrer bir \u015fi\u015fe \u015fampanya getirtti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ehov kendisine uzat\u0131lan barda\u011f\u0131 ald\u0131 ve Olga\u2019ya d\u00f6nerek, ac\u0131nas\u0131 bir g\u00fcl\u00fcmsemeyle: \u00abNicedir \u015fampanya i\u00e7memi\u015ftim\u00bb dedi. \u015eampanyay\u0131 yudum yudum i\u00e7ti. Ve sol yan\u0131na uzand\u0131. Biraz sonra, nefes alm\u0131yordu art\u0131k. Ya\u015famdan \u00f6l\u00fcme ge\u00e7mi\u015fti, her zamanki sadelikle. G\u00fcnlerden 2 Temmuz 1904\u2019t\u00fc. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sarka\u00e7l\u0131 saat, sabah\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyordu. Siyah kanatl\u0131 bir gece kelebe\u011fi pencereden i\u00e7eri girmi\u015f, yanan lambaya \u00e7arp\u0131yordu deli deli. Cenazenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki bu yo\u011fun \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131nma, sonunda, \u00e7ekilmez oluyordu. Birka\u00e7 avutma s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden sonra, doktor \u00e7ekip gitti. Birden, ne\u015feli bir patlama oldu: \u015eampanya \u015fi\u015fesinin t\u0131pas\u0131 f\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f ve k\u00f6p\u00fckler, \u015fi\u015fenin a\u011fz\u0131nda boncuk boncuk olmu\u015ftu. Kelebek, a\u00e7\u0131k pencereyi buldu ve s\u0131cak gecede yitip gitti. Sonradan, sessizlik ve hareketsizlik oldu yeniden. Sonunda g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131, ku\u015flar\u0131n c\u0131v\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131 ve yapraklar\u0131n h\u0131\u015f\u0131rt\u0131lar\u0131 ile. Olga, b\u00fcy\u00fclenmi\u015f gibi, kocas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ay\u0131ram\u0131yordu g\u00f6zlerini. Dingin, g\u00fcl\u00fcmseyen, ve her \u015feyden haberli bir y\u00fczd\u00fc bu. Olga \u015f\u00f6yle yazacakt\u0131: \u00abHi\u00e7bir insan sesi duyulmuyordu, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00e7alkant\u0131s\u0131 yoktu, yal\u0131n\u0131z g\u00fczellik, dinginlik ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vard\u0131.\u00bb \u201d(s.289-290)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Henri Troyat, \u00c7EHOV<\/strong> (Ya\u015fam\u0131\/Sanat\u0131), \u00c7ev: Vedat G\u00fcnyol, Ada Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1984.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6 \u015eubat 2020 tarihinde ve sonras\u0131nda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n https:\/\/www.tigrishaber.com\/sampanya-icerek-yasamdan-olume-gecen-olumsuz-anton-cehov-3849yy.htm Bu yaz\u0131mda d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Rus yazar Anton \u00c7ehov\u2019u anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. \u00c7ehov, despot bir baban\u0131n ve ki\u015fili\u011fi sinik bir annenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak 1860 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Taganrog \u015fehrinde d\u00fcnyaya gelir. Cin gibi alt\u0131 karde\u015fiyle birlikte zorluklar i\u00e7inde ya\u015far. Zor ko\u015fullar ve baba bask\u0131s\u0131 kendisini y\u0131ld\u0131rmaz; lise \u00f6\u011frenimini Taganrog\u2019da, t\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenimini de Moskova\u2019da tamamlayarak doktor olur. Karde\u015fine; \u201cYasal kar\u0131m olan t\u0131p d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bir de metresim var: Edebiyat\u201d (s.90) dese de, asl\u0131nda \u201cmetres\u201di onu \u201cyasal e\u015f\u201di t\u0131ptan daha \u00e7ok ilgilendirir. Doktorlu\u011fuyla de\u011fil, \u00f6yk\u00fc ve piyesleriyle \u015f\u00f6hretin doruklar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r. Zirvedeyken 2 Temmuz 1904\u2019te Almanya\u2019da hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumar, 9 Temmuz\u2019da Moskova\u2019da topra\u011fa verilir. \u00c7ehov, \u00f6yk\u00fc yazmaya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[449,1197],"tags":[575,568,569,570,571,576,577,578,499,573,574,572,579],"class_list":["post-4116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-inceleme","category-kultur","tag-alfred-dreyfus","tag-anton-cehov","tag-cehov","tag-doktor","tag-emile-zola","tag-henri-troyat","tag-olga","tag-olga-knipper","tag-oyku","tag-sahalin","tag-sampanya","tag-schwohrer","tag-vedat-gunyol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4116"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4116\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4117,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4116\/revisions\/4117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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