{"id":4063,"date":"2021-04-28T20:57:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T20:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4063"},"modified":"2023-06-19T09:45:31","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T09:45:31","slug":"kumar-dostoyevski-ve-babam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=4063","title":{"rendered":"Kumar, Dostoyevski ve Babam"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Okudu\u011fumuz baz\u0131 kitaplar bazen yaz\u0131 yazma iste\u011fi uyand\u0131r\u0131r. Y\u0131llar \u00f6nce Dostoyevski\u2019nin Kumarbaz<\/strong>(*)<\/sup> kitab\u0131n\u0131 okumu\u015ftum. Eski klasikleri tekrar tekrar okuma huyum nedeniyle kitab\u0131 yeniden okudum. Ve bu yeni okumamda baz\u0131 yeni \u015feyler fark ettim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dostoyevski g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r tabiatl\u0131 bir kumarbazd\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seyahatlerinde kumar masalar\u0131ndan ender kalkar. \u201cKumara ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oyunun heyecan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr\u201d, t\u00fcm paras\u0131n\u0131 kaybedene kadar oynar. Kumar i\u00e7in, \u201chamile kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n evlilik y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, k\u00fcpelerini ve paltosunu bile rehineciye\u201d b\u0131rak\u0131r. Yay\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli avans ister. Kumarda kaybettiklerini, \u201cedebiyata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek telafi etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u201d. Yaz\u0131 yazmak i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli oynar ve kumardan geriye kalan zamanlar\u0131nda da durmadan yazar. Bir yaz\u0131c\u0131 (stenograf) kad\u0131n tutarak tam 29 g\u00fcnde Kumarbaz<\/strong> kitab\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bitirir. Joseph Frank\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6zde belirtti\u011fi gibi, bu \u201ceser hem bir \u00f6zele\u015ftiri hem de bir savunmad\u0131r.\u201d (s.35)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kumar eskimeyen bir sosyal olgudur. Tarih boyunca hep var olmu\u015ftur. Hain bir cazibesi vard\u0131r. Tutku bacay\u0131 sard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iradeyi ipotek alt\u0131na al\u0131r. Tuhaf duygular ya\u015fat\u0131r. Sadece para kazanmak i\u00e7in oynanm\u0131yor. \u201cZenginlik d\u00fc\u015flerini kovalayanlar kadar zenginler de kumara merakl\u0131… Ne yoksul ne zengin olan Fyodor Mihaylovi\u00e7 Dostoyevski\u2019nin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n bir d\u00f6neminde tutkunu oldu\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki kumar salonlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdavimlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, ne yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bilmedikleri kadar paras\u0131 olan aristokrat ve zenginlerdi.\u201d (Kumarbaz, G\u00fcnd\u00fcz Vassaf, sons\u00f6z, s.227)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kumarbaz<\/strong>\u2019\u0131 bu okuyu\u015fumda \u00e7o\u011fu yerde her nedense Babam (Cuma \u00dcz\u00fclmez, d.1931-\u00f6.1992) akl\u0131ma geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Babam zeki ve h\u00fcner sahibi nevi \u015fahs\u0131na m\u00fcnhas\u0131r biriydi. Ta\u015f ve duvar ustas\u0131yd\u0131, yani sanatk\u00e2rd\u0131. Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 haf\u0131zd\u0131, hattatt\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015feyh\/\u015fex bile derdi. Tad\u0131nda i\u00e7ki i\u00e7er, \u00e7ok iyi de kumar oynard\u0131. Ba\u011fc\u0131yd\u0131, ar\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131, kahveciydi ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iydi. Oyunlarda iyi bir halay ba\u015f\u0131yd\u0131 ve g\u00fczel halay \u00e7ekerdi. Ayr\u0131ca, \u201c\u0130nsan\u0131 arad\u0131m buldum \u00e2demde\/ G\u00fcl\u00fc arayan bulur g\u00fclist\u00e2nda\/ \u00c2 dost nerede? kanded\u0131r kande\/ Nihayet buldum, candad\u0131r canda \/\/ Bu yollar ayr\u0131l\u0131r, hep \u015faha gider\/ Yolu y\u00fcr\u00fcmekten ben b\u0131kt\u0131m me\u011fer\/ K\u0131rklar yediler oldular rehber\/ Nihayet buldum dostu, bendedir bende\u201d dizeleri gibi Latin ve Arap harfleriyle g\u00fczel de \u015fiirler yazard\u0131. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda iyi bir insan ve iyi bir babayd\u0131. O, 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019le birlikte karde\u015flerim ve benim g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6zalt\u0131lar\u0131, tutuklan\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131zda cezaevleri \u00f6n\u00fcnden, duru\u015fmalarda ise mahkeme salonlar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmayan hakiki bir babayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhuriyet okullar\u0131nda okumam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ocukken, Ergani Ahurlar K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nden El\u00ea Bac\u0131 diye kad\u0131n bir hoca dedemin evinde gelip kal\u0131r. Abdullah Dedem (d.1915-\u00f6.1979) ve Zelo Nenem (d.1907-\u00f6.1996), El\u00ea Bac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, yiyece\u011fini i\u00e7ece\u011fini, \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 temin edip ve biraz da para vererek, yani anlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z t\u00fcm ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layarak, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerine g\u00f6re \u00f6zel \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak tutarlar: Evde \u00e7ocuklara okuma yazma \u00f6\u011fretsin diye. Tabi bu okuma yazma, eski yaz\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz Arap Alfabesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re. Bu e\u011fitime yakla\u015f\u0131k on be\u015fe yak\u0131n tan\u0131d\u0131k ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da kat\u0131l\u0131r. Yani bir nevi mahalle okulu. Sabah, ak\u015fam ders verir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 sene b\u00f6yle devam eder. B\u00f6ylece babam alfabe ve Kur\u2019an okumay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenir. Daha sonra, hi\u00e7 tahsil g\u00f6rmemi\u015f, her \u015feyi kendi gayretiyle \u00f6\u011frenen ve \u00f6\u011freten M\u00fcft\u00fczadeler\u2019den Emin (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m) Efendi\u2019nin yan\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir, \u00f6zel ders almaya ba\u015flar. Okuma yetene\u011fini ve bilgisini geli\u015ftirir, dini bilgilere de vak\u0131f olur. Ard\u0131ndan da Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019a, Mislim (M\u00fcslim) Day\u0131\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir. Day\u0131s\u0131ndan ve ba\u015fka hocalardan dersler al\u0131r. (Benim ismimin M\u00fcsl\u00fcm b\u0131rak\u0131lma nedeni, bu Mislim Day\u0131\u2019ya duyulan sevgi ve sayg\u0131dand\u0131r) Kan\u0131mca, Mislim Day\u0131\u2019s\u0131ndan sadece Kur\u2019an ve dini bilgiler edinmez, ayn\u0131 zamanda kumar oynama huyunu da edinir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Mislim Day\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7ok iyi bir kumarc\u0131ym\u0131\u015f. Aile b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimin anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019dan kalk\u0131p taa Halep ve \u015eam\u2019a kumar oynamaya gidermi\u015f. Hatta bir keresinde Halep\u2019ten d\u00f6nerken gece, Arap \u00e7\u00f6l e\u015fk\u0131yalar\u0131 kendisini kovalar ve soymak isterler. O da ka\u00e7arak bir mezarl\u0131\u011fa girer. Hemen bir mezar\u0131n topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 e\u015feler, sal\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p, \u00f6l\u00fcye: \u201cKad\u0131nsan bac\u0131ms\u0131n, erkeksen karde\u015fimsin. Beni bu gece yan\u0131na misafir olarak kabul et!\u201d deyip sabaha kadar mezar\u0131n i\u00e7inde saklanarak hayat\u0131n\u0131 zor kurtar\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131da belirtti\u011fim gibi, babam \u00e7ok kumar oynard\u0131. Kumar oynarken de t\u00fcm kumarbazlar gibi t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini tek bir noktada, bedelini a\u011f\u0131r \u00f6dedi\u011fi, oyun k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 veya zarlar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki o bekledi\u011fi t\u0131ls\u0131ml\u0131 say\u0131lara odaklard\u0131. \u00d6yle g\u00fcnler olurdu ki, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7 gece kumar masas\u0131ndan kalkmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erasmus, 1511 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Delili\u011fe \u00d6vg\u00fc<\/strong> adl\u0131 eserinde, kumarbazlar\u0131 deliler aras\u0131nda say\u0131p saymama konusunda teredd\u00fct eder. Kumarbazlar i\u00e7in aralar\u0131nda bazen \u00f6yleleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ki, bunlar zarlar\u0131n sesini i\u015fitince, kalplerinin att\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyarlar. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da, kazanc\u0131n tatl\u0131 \u00fcmidiyle durmadan aldanarak talihlerinin gemisini gelip rastlant\u0131n\u0131n tehlikeli kayas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131r ve par\u00e7alarlar. Kuvvetten d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve hemen hemen k\u00f6r ihtiyarlar\u0131n burunlar\u0131nda g\u00f6zl\u00fck h\u00e2l\u00e2 kumar oynad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, hastal\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcnden parmaklar\u0131 tutmayanlar\u0131nda, bir kimseye para verip kendileri i\u00e7in zar att\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yazar. (Delili\u011fe \u00d6vg\u00fc, Kabalac\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, s. 94-95)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc Rus yazar\u0131 Aleksandr Sergeyevi\u00e7 Pu\u015fkin ise, Ma\u00e7a K\u0131z\u0131<\/strong> adl\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fc kitab\u0131nda, \u201cMa\u00e7a K\u0131z\u0131 gizemli bir u\u011fursuzlu\u011fun belirtisidir,\u201d diye yazar (Ma\u00e7a K\u0131z\u0131, Oda Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, s. 5). Ma\u00e7a K\u0131z\u0131 e\u011fer \u201cgizemli bir u\u011fursuzlu\u011fun\u201d belirtisi ise, kumar, u\u011fursuzluktan da \u00e7ok \u00f6te bir ocak s\u00f6nd\u00fcrendir derim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kumarc\u0131lar kahvelerde, kul\u00fcplerde, evlerde; nerede olurlarsa olsunlar k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlarla, zarlarla, ta\u015flarla kumar oynarlar. Hele Y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131lar\u0131… Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte hi\u00e7bir e\u011flencesi olmayan insanlara kumar sanki ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazm\u0131\u015f gibi sunulur ve \u00f6zendirilirdi. Kahvehaneler ve baz\u0131 evler \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131. Polis bask\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 gerekli r\u00fc\u015fvetler verilir, gizli\/ emniyetli yerler temin edilir, erketeler\/ g\u00f6zc\u00fcler sa\u011fa sola dikilirdi. Kan\u0131mca, bug\u00fcn de pek de\u011fi\u015fen bir \u015fey yok! Sadece Ergani\u2019de de\u011fil, Diyarbak\u0131r ve hatta t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne getirdi\u011fimizde; kahve veya cafelerin, lokallerin, kul\u00fcplerin, gazinolar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu bile pek bir \u015feyin de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir (Sanal bahis oyunlar\u0131 ve gazinolar\u0131 da unutmayal\u0131m). Kahvelerde sabahtan ak\u015fama, ak\u015famdan geceye kadar; baz\u0131 kahvelerde\/ yerlerde ise geceden sabaha ve tekrar sabahtan ak\u015fama kadar… gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz, hi\u00e7 durmadan insanlar zarl\u0131, ta\u015fl\u0131, pullu, ka\u011f\u0131tl\u0131 oyunlar oynayarak \u201coyalan\u0131rlar\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mislim Day\u0131s\u0131 Halep ve \u015eam\u2019a kumar oynamaya giderse, ye\u011feninin Y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda kahvelerde \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7 gece masadan kalkmadan zar at\u0131p kumar oynamas\u0131 \u00e7ok mu? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kumar al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 negatif bir g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Kumar h\u0131rs\u0131 insana her \u015feyi yapt\u0131r\u0131r. Kumarda, kumarc\u0131 ne e\u015fini, ne \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131, ne ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bah\u00e7esini, ne paras\u0131n\u0131, ne de sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Kumarda, kumarc\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc, akl\u0131, fikri at\u0131lan zarlarda veya da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan oyun k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dostoyevski kumar oynayaca\u011f\u0131 zaman sadece rulet oynard\u0131, babam zar atard\u0131. Dostoyevski sadece Avrupa\u2019ya seyahate \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kumar oynard\u0131. Babam ise Avrupa\u2019ya (Hollanda\u2019ya) 1971\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gidince kumar\u0131 t\u00fcmden b\u0131rakt\u0131. Dostoyevski kumar i\u00e7in \u201chamile kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n evlilik y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, k\u00fcpelerini\u201d bile rehineciye b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, babam da tek gayrimenkul\u00fc \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131. Dilim varm\u0131yor babama kumarbaz demeye, ama al\u0131n teriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 paralar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu kumara verdi. Dostoyevski, kumarda kaybettiklerini \u201cedebiyata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek\u201d, babam ise \u00e7ok daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p g\u00fcc\u00fc yetti\u011fince t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc okutarak telafi etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her ikisi de kumar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7ok ac\u0131 \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kumar deyip ge\u00e7memek laz\u0131m. \u0130\u015fin i\u00e7inde h\u0131rs var, heves var, haz var, \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 deneme var, tutku var, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k var, kazanma arzusu var, zengin olma istemi var; devletler var, gizli \u00f6rg\u00fctler var, siyasi olu\u015fumlar var, finans \u00f6rg\u00fctleri var, mafya var… Diyece\u011fim \u015fu ki: Siz siz olun, kumardan uzak durun!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

(*)<\/sup> Fyodor Mihaylovi\u00e7 Dostoyevski, Kumarbaz, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00c7ev. Ergin Altay, 6.Bask\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

28 Nisan 2021 tarihinde ve sonras\u0131nda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.gaphaberleri.com\/kose-yazisi\/811\/kumar-dostoyevski-ve-babam.html
https:\/\/www.ruhanews.com\/kose-yazisi\/573\/kumar-dostoyevski-ve-babam.html
https:\/\/www.3uncugoz.com\/kumar-dostoyevski-ve-babam\/
https:\/\/www.erganihaber.net\/kose-yazisi\/1394\/kumar-dostoyevski-ve-babam.html
https:\/\/www.tigrishaber.com\/kumar-dostoyevski-ve-babam-4932yy.htm<\/p>\n\n\n

baba<\/a>, <\/span>cuma \u00fcz\u00fclmez<\/a>, <\/span>dostoyevski<\/a>, <\/span>klasik<\/a>, <\/span>kumar<\/a>, <\/span>kumarbaz<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Okudu\u011fumuz baz\u0131 kitaplar bazen yaz\u0131 yazma iste\u011fi uyand\u0131r\u0131r. Y\u0131llar \u00f6nce Dostoyevski\u2019nin Kumarbaz(*) kitab\u0131n\u0131 okumu\u015ftum. Eski klasikleri tekrar tekrar okuma huyum nedeniyle kitab\u0131 yeniden okudum. Ve bu yeni okumamda baz\u0131 yeni \u015feyler fark ettim. Dostoyevski g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r tabiatl\u0131 bir kumarbazd\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seyahatlerinde kumar masalar\u0131ndan ender kalkar. \u201cKumara ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oyunun heyecan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr\u201d, t\u00fcm paras\u0131n\u0131 kaybedene kadar oynar. Kumar i\u00e7in, \u201chamile kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n evlilik y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, k\u00fcpelerini ve paltosunu bile rehineciye\u201d b\u0131rak\u0131r. Yay\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli avans ister. Kumarda kaybettiklerini, \u201cedebiyata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek telafi etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u201d. Yaz\u0131 yazmak i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli oynar ve kumardan geriye kalan zamanlar\u0131nda da durmadan yazar. Bir yaz\u0131c\u0131 (stenograf) kad\u0131n tutarak tam 29 g\u00fcnde<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[449,1197],"tags":[217,488,472,487,485,486],"class_list":["post-4063","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-inceleme","category-kultur","tag-baba","tag-cuma-uzulmez","tag-dostoyevski","tag-klasik","tag-kumar","tag-kumarbaz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4063","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4063"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4063\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4064,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4063\/revisions\/4064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4063"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4063"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}