Do\u011fada ve sosyal ya\u015famda her \u015fey nicel bir birikimin sonucunda geli\u015fir ve niteliksel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ya\u015far; hi\u00e7bir olay, olu\u015fum ve geli\u015fme nedensiz de\u011fildir ve hi\u00e7bir \u015fey tek bir nedene de ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inde, insanlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u00e7evrede binlerce de\u011fi\u015fik d\u0131\u015f etken vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle, insanlar\u0131n hayal d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 da evrim yasas\u0131 gere\u011fi i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f etkilerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde geli\u015fir. Bu, insan belle\u011findeki bilgilerin zor ve uzun s\u00fcrede olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fmesi nedeniyle y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 herkes i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Ultra ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 insanlar\u0131n, daha do\u011frusu \u201c\u00e7izginin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda<\/em>\u201d olanlar\u0131n durumu da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fildir. Bu tip insanlar\u0131 yak\u0131ndan, t\u00fcm y\u00f6nleriyle inceledi\u011fimizde onlar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u015feyin yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n genetik yap\u0131lar\u0131, IQ\u2019lar\u0131, ailenin ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel durumu, sosyal \u00e7evresi, \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rler, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitim, bulundu\u011fu co\u011frafya, milliyeti ve inanc\u0131, cinsiyeti ve ya\u015f durumu, d\u00f6nemin tarihsel \u00f6zellikleri ve zamanlama, yetenek, merak, tutku, h\u0131rs, \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u015fans\/ talih ve f\u0131rsat gibi etkenlerden biri veya birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n birlikte olmas\u0131, insanlar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131 ya da olmamalar\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Bu nedenle, ya\u015fam a\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde olup biten her \u015feyi \u201cba\u011flant\u0131sal b\u00fct\u00fcnsellik bilimsel y\u00f6ntemi ile<\/em>\u201d(1)<\/sup> <\/strong>de\u011ferlendirmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBaz\u0131 \u0130nsanlar Neden Daha Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 Olur?<\/em>\u201d sorusunu da bu ba\u011flamda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ABD\u2019li yazar ve gazeteci Malcolm Gladwell de, Outliers\/\u00c7izginin D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler (2)<\/sup><\/strong> isimli kitab\u0131nda, bu soruyu soruyor ve ikna edici, ak\u0131c\u0131, g\u00fczel bir anlat\u0131mla baz\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f hik\u00e2yeler anlatarak b\u00f6ylesi insanlar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmalar\u0131ndaki \u201cs\u0131rlar\u0131<\/em>\u201d aralay\u0131p nedenleri s\u0131ral\u0131yor. Potansiyel yan\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00f6tesine bakarak tatmin edici ger\u00e7ek yan\u0131tlar\u0131 ya\u015fam hik\u00e2yelerinin sat\u0131r aralar\u0131ndan bulup \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Malcolm Gladwell s\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015feyler yapan insanlar\u0131 anlat\u0131rken; \u201csizi birbiri ard\u0131na farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrden \u2018\u00e7izginin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler\u2019le tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131m<\/em>\u201d diyor ve sonras\u0131nda: \u201cDahiler, zengin ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc i\u015f insanlar\u0131, rock y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 ve bilgisayar programc\u0131lar\u0131. Dikkate de\u011fer bir avukat\u0131n s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131z, en iyi pilotlar\u0131 kaza yapan pilotlardan ay\u0131ran \u015feylere bakaca\u011f\u0131z ve Asyal\u0131lar\u0131n neden matematikte bu kadar iyi oldu\u011funu anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Aram\u0131zda dikkate de\u011fer \u2013beceri sahibi, yetenekli ve azimli- olanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 incelerken, ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ileri s\u00fcrece\u011fim<\/em>,\u201d (s.21) diyor ve ba\u015far\u0131ya dair yap\u0131lan \u00e7ok\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n ikna edici olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. \u201c\u0130nsanlar yoktan var olmaz. Soy sopa ve himayeye bir \u015feyler bor\u00e7luyuz\u201d(s.22); \u201conlar\u0131n hik\u00e2yelerini ger\u00e7ekten farkl\u0131 k\u0131lan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetenekleri de\u011fil, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc f\u0131rsatlar<\/em>\u201d (s.50) oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Bu tip insanlar\u0131n \u201ctarihin ve toplumun, f\u0131rsat\u0131n ve miras\u0131n eseri<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011funu aile, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve s\u0131n\u0131f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir insan bir i\u015fi ne kadar \u00e7ok yaparsa beyni o i\u015f i\u00e7in o kadar fazla h\u00fccre g\u00f6revlendir. Thomas Edison da, \u201cDehan\u0131n y\u00fczde 1\u2019i esin, y\u00fczde 99\u2019u al\u0131n teri<\/em>\u201d(3)<\/sup> oldu\u011funu belirtir; ampul\u00fc 1000\u2019den daha fazla denemenin sonucunda ancak ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131r. Malcolm Gladwell de Edison\u2019un prati\u011fini do\u011frularcas\u0131na ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 insanlar\u0131n her birinin \u201c\u00f6zel yerlerin ve ortamlar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtirken g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde art\u0131k kendi ismiyle birlikte an\u0131lan \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201c10.000 saat kural\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131 ilk defa bu kitab\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131yor. Uluslararas\u0131 k\u0131ymette bir \u00fcr\u00fcn ortaya koyabilmek i\u00e7in bir ki\u015finin o konuda en az 10.000 saat zihin ve emek yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 ya\u015famas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor (s.39). K\u0131sacas\u0131, hi\u00e7bir \u015fey g\u00f6kten zembille\/ sepetle inmiyor, \u201carmut pi\u015f a\u011fz\u0131ma d\u00fc\u015f<\/em>\u201d olay\u0131 yok! Yo\u011fun emek, bitmez istek, t\u00fckenmez merak, h\u0131rs ve d\u00f6nemin tarihsel \u00f6zelli\u011finin iyi bir f\u0131rsat olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ancak insan\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131ya g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilir diyor, o da bazen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nas\u0131l hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kendili\u011finden olu\u015fmuyorsa ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 insan\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 da kendili\u011finden olmaz, \u201c\u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir dizi ko\u015ful ve f\u0131rsatlardan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar<\/em>.\u201d(s.127) \u00d6rne\u011fin Bill Gates: B\u00fcy\u00fck babas\u0131 bankac\u0131, babas\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc zengin bir avukat, annesi bir bankerin k\u0131z\u0131. Yedinci s\u0131n\u0131ftayken devlet okulundan al\u0131n\u0131p se\u00e7kin ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na hizmet veren bir okula g\u00f6nderilir. \u0130kinci y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndayken bu okulda bilgisayar kul\u00fcb\u00fc kurulur. Okul aile birli\u011finin kermesten elde etti\u011fi 3.000 dolar gibi bir parayla okulun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir odas\u0131na zaman\u0131n bilgisayarlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok ileride olan \u201ce\u015f zamanl\u0131<\/em>\u201d bir bilgisayar terminali kurulur. O d\u00f6nem, yani 1968\u2019de ABD\u2019de \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fcniversitenin bile hen\u00fcz bilgisayar kul\u00fcb\u00fc yoktur. Zeki ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan sekizinci s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6\u011frencisi Bill Gates okulun bilgisayar odas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmaz, s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan bu i\u015flerle alakal\u0131 bir firmada \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve \u201ckod<\/em>\u201dlamay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenir. Sonras\u0131nda \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 denemek i\u00e7in arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte kendi \u015firketini kurar ve Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dcniversiteden ayr\u0131lma sebebi, o d\u00f6neme kadarki pratikleri ve \u00f6\u011frendikleri sonras\u0131nda Harvard\u2019dan bilgisayarla ilgili \u00f6\u011frenebilece\u011fi ba\u015fka yeni bir \u015fey kalmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa inanmas\u0131 ve pratikte 7 y\u0131l programlama yapm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Toplamda 10.000 saatin \u00fczerinde bir deneyime sahip olman\u0131n vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00fcvenle zaman\u0131 geldi\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda Microsoft \u015firketini kurar. Ki\u015fisel bilgisayar devrimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi d\u00f6nemle, do\u011fu\u015ftan sahip oldu\u011fu ve kendisine sunulan imk\u00e2nlar nedeniyle bu i\u015fe \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden haz\u0131r bir konumda olu\u015fu \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Bill Gates bir numara olma \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 yakalar (s.47-50).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Malcolm Gladwell kitab\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Bill Gates \u00f6rne\u011finden hareketle can al\u0131c\u0131 bir soru sorar ve vicdanen olmas\u0131 gerekeni dile getirir: \u201cE\u011fer bu olanak bir milyon gence sunulmu\u015f olsayd\u0131, bug\u00fcn ka\u00e7 Microsoft\u2019umuz daha olurdu? Daha g\u00fczel bir d\u00fcnya yaratmak i\u00e7in, bug\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 belirleyen \u015fansl\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131k ve keyfi avantajlar\u0131n yerini, f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011finin egemen oldu\u011fu bir toplum almal\u0131. (…) \u015eimdi yeteneklerin her alanda ve her meslekte bu yolla filizlendi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. D\u00fcnya yetindi\u011fimizden \u00e7ok daha zengin bir d\u00fcnya olabilirdi,<\/em>\u201d (s.218) diyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Malcolm Gladwell, bireylerin ve toplumlar\u0131n ruhi bi\u00e7imlenmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahip olan \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras<\/em>\u201d olay\u0131n\u0131 kitab\u0131n ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00f6rneklerle anlat\u0131rken, bireylerin ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miraslar\u0131ndan muaf olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir: \u201cHepimiz kendimize \u00f6zg\u00fc bir ki\u015fili\u011fe sahibiz. Ancak i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz toplumun ge\u00e7mi\u015finden gelen e\u011filim, varsay\u0131m ve refleksler bu ki\u015fili\u011fin \u00fczerinde yer almaktad\u0131r ve bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc spesifiktir<\/em>.\u201d (s.166) Kim oldu\u011fumuz nereden geldi\u011fimize ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel miraslar etkili g\u00fc\u00e7 niteli\u011finde olup kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelliktedir. Derin k\u00f6klere sahip ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa direnir, onlar\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015f olan ekonomik, sosyal ve demografik ko\u015fullar ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile neredeyse hi\u00e7 bozulmaz, tav\u0131r ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmekte \u00f6yle bir rol oynuyorlar ki onlars\u0131z d\u00fcnyam\u0131za bir anlam vermek olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r (s.144).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras<\/em>\u201d olay\u0131na b\u00f6yle bak\u0131nca, zihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel barajlar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 nedeniyle bizim durumumuz biraz i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor. D\u00fcnya Sanat ve Bilim Akademisi \u00fcyesi Prof. T\u00fcrker K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7\u2019\u0131n belirlemesi de dolayl\u0131 olarak bunu do\u011frular mahiyette. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z toplumdaki mevcut k\u00fclt\u00fcr: \u201cYeni bir \u00e7are ya da bulu\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcnce \u2018icat \u00e7\u0131karma\u2019, duygulan\u0131p yaz\u0131nca \u2018edebiyat yapma\u2019, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp sorgulay\u0131nca \u2018felsefe yapma\u2019, \u00e7o\u011funluk vasata yanl\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131z deyince \u2018hari\u00e7ten gazel okuma\u2019, avam kalabal\u0131kta \u00f6zg\u00fcvenle y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcnce \u2018artistlik yapma\u2019, bir \u015feylerden rahats\u0131z olup neden b\u00f6yle diye sorunca \u2018caz yapma\u2019 diye zihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na baraj koyar vasat\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcllendirdi\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcr<\/em>\u201dd\u00fcr. (T\u00fcrker K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, s.65.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na baraj konuldu\u011funda insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve hayalleri do\u011fal olarak k\u0131t, bilim ve teknolojik geli\u015fmeye katk\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olur. B\u00f6yle bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn egemen oldu\u011fu bir yerden \u201c\u00e7izginin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler<\/em>\u201d, yani mucit ve bilim insanlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar m\u0131? Elbette \u00e7\u0131kar, ama \u00e7ok az \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dipnotlar:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n (1) T\u00fcrker K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, Yeni Bilim: Ba\u011flant\u0131sall\u0131k Yeni K\u00fclt\u00fcr: Ya\u015famda\u015fl\u0131k, Ayr\u0131nt\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2022, \u0130st., s.81. 20 Aral\u0131k 2022 tarihinde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n http:\/\/kovarabir.com\/muslum-uzulmez-bazi-insanlar-neden-daha-basarili-olur\/ Do\u011fada ve sosyal ya\u015famda her \u015fey nicel bir birikimin sonucunda geli\u015fir ve niteliksel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ya\u015far; hi\u00e7bir olay, olu\u015fum ve geli\u015fme nedensiz de\u011fildir ve hi\u00e7bir \u015fey tek bir nedene de ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inde, insanlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u00e7evrede binlerce de\u011fi\u015fik d\u0131\u015f etken vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle, insanlar\u0131n hayal d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 da evrim yasas\u0131 gere\u011fi i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f etkilerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde geli\u015fir. Bu, insan belle\u011findeki bilgilerin zor ve uzun s\u00fcrede olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fmesi nedeniyle y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrebilir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 herkes i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Ultra ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 insanlar\u0131n, daha do\u011frusu \u201c\u00e7izginin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u201d olanlar\u0131n durumu da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fildir. Bu tip insanlar\u0131 yak\u0131ndan, t\u00fcm y\u00f6nleriyle<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3901,1197],"tags":[354,355,349,353,352,348,351,350,356],"class_list":["post-3996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","category-kultur","tag-10000-saat-kurali","tag-baglantisallik","tag-bill-gates","tag-cizginin-disindakiler","tag-harvard","tag-kulturel-miras","tag-malcolm-gladwell","tag-outliers","tag-turker-kilic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3996"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3997,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3996\/revisions\/3997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
(2) Malcolm Gladwell, Outliers (\u00c7izginin D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler), \u00c7ev: Ayt\u00fcl \u00d6zer, MediaCat Kitaplar\u0131, 2022, \u0130st.
(3) Aktaran: Ann Mei Chang, Yal\u0131n Etki, \u00c7ev: \u00dcmit \u015eensoy, TTGV, 2019, \u0130stanbul, s.33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.tigrishaber.com\/bazi-insanlar-neden-daha-basarili-olur-6117yy.htm
https:\/\/www.gaphaberleri.com\/kose-yazisi\/1018\/bazi-insanlar-neden-daha-basarili-olur.html
https:\/\/ruhanews.com\/kose-yazisi\/774\/bazi-insanlar-neden-daha-basarili-olur.html
https:\/\/www.erganihaber.net\/kose-yazisi\/1422\/bazi-insanlar-neden-daha-basarili-olur.html<\/p>\n\n\n