{"id":3901,"date":"2023-02-21T20:28:23","date_gmt":"2023-02-21T20:28:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=3901"},"modified":"2023-07-01T11:42:32","modified_gmt":"2023-07-01T11:42:32","slug":"yeralti-edebiyatina-dair-aldigim-yazilar-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=3901","title":{"rendered":"\u201cYeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u201dna Dair Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m Yaz\u0131lar – 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesi: \u201cYeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u201dna Dair Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m Yaz\u0131lar \u2013 1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

ABD\u2019li akademisyen Robert Darnton\u2019un kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 1789 Frans\u0131z Devrimi \u00f6ncesini anlatan Eski Rejimde Yeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131<\/strong>(*)<\/sup> isimli kitab\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00d6fkelilerin \u00d6fkesi: \u201cYeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u201d<\/a><\/em><\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131m yay\u0131mland\u0131ktan sonra (28.01.2023) bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f ve bunlardan iki tanesini yay\u0131mlayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 belirtmi\u015f ve Ali Haydar \u00dcz\u00fclmez\u2019in Osmanl\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, devleti kutsama ve koruman\u0131n var oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klayan yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m (8.02.2023). \u015eimdi s\u0131ra ikincisinde; Mehmet Yakut\u2019un K\u00fcrtlerde yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 konu alan yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bilgilerinize sunuyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Yaz\u0131: K\u00fcrtlerde Yeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDe\u011ferli M\u00fcsl\u00fcm A\u011fabey,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018\u00d6fkelilerin \u00d6fkesi: Yeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u2019<\/em><\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makaleni okudum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011frusu \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 bir konuyu ele alm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n. Ben bu konuda hi\u00e7 kafa yormad\u0131m dersem yeridir. Makaleni okuduktan sonra \u015f\u00f6yle bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcnce; Biz K\u00fcrtlerde de yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131ndan daha rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6z edilebilir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Neden ve nas\u0131l diye sorarsan \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1898-1902 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan K\u00fcrdistan <\/strong>gazetesi. Bu gazete Kahire\u2019de Bed\u00eerxan Bey\u2019in o\u011fullar\u0131ndan M\u00eekdat M\u00eethat Bed\u00eerxan taraf\u0131ndan 22 Nisan 1898\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131. Gazetenin baz\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131 Kahire d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Cenevre, Folkstone ve Londra\u2019da yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fcrdistan gazetesi K\u00fcrtlerin ilk edebiyat \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir gazetedir. Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee\u2019nin Mem \u00fb Z\u00een<\/strong> adl\u0131 ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131 gazetede tefrika olarak yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u015eerefxan\u2019\u0131n \u015eerefname<\/strong>\u2019si de \u00f6yle. Zaten gazetenin temel ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisi de K\u00fcrt k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ve edebiyat\u0131na hizmet etmektir. O d\u00f6nemin ko\u015fullar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn zorluklara ra\u011fmen gazetenin oradan K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u015fehrine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, gazeteye g\u00f6nderilen mektup ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flardan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonralar\u0131 ise daha \u00e7ok K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeri olan \u0130stanbul\u2019da o d\u00f6nem K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan pek \u00e7ok K\u00fcrt\u00e7e-T\u00fcrk\u00e7e gazete ve dergiler yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f, bunlar\u0131n hemen hepsi o d\u00f6nemin bask\u0131lar\u0131 ve zorluklar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ne yaz\u0131k ki uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: K\u00fcrt Teavun ve Terakki Gazetesi<\/strong> (1908-1909), \u015eark ve K\u00fcrdistan<\/strong> (1908), Roj\u00ee Kurd<\/strong> (1913), Hetaw\u00ee Kurd<\/strong> (1913-1914), J\u00een<\/strong> (1918-1919)…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki gazete ve dergilerden ba\u015fka irili ufakl\u0131, k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc, bilinen ve bilinmeyen pek \u00e7ok K\u00fcrt\u00e7e gazete ve dergi yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde R\u00eeya Teze<\/strong> 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Erivan\u2019da yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flayan en uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc K\u00fcrt gazetesidir. 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda kapat\u0131lan gazete 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla da olsa yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda benim de elime ge\u00e7en bu gazete Kiril alfabesiyle K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yay\u0131nlan\u0131yordu. K\u00fcrt\u00e7e Kiril Alfabesiyle okuyabildi\u011fim i\u00e7in bu gazetede \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 yaz\u0131 ve haberleri o zamanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m TKP\u2019nin Sesi Radyosu<\/strong> yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda kulland\u0131m. Bu gazetenin K\u00fcrt dili ve edebiyat\u0131na paha bi\u00e7ilmez katk\u0131lar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1932-1943 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan Hawar Dergisi<\/strong> ve 1942-1945 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan Ronah\u00ee Dergisi<\/strong>\u2019ne gelince…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sevgili A\u011fabey, Hawar<\/strong> ve Ronah\u00ee<\/strong> dergilerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc okudu\u011fum i\u00e7in rahatl\u0131kla diyebilirim ki tam da senin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fin Yeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131. Bu dergiler Bedirxanlar, C\u00eegerxw\u00een, Osman Sebr\u00ee, N\u00fbrett\u00een Zaza ve o d\u00f6nemin en bilinen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fair, yazar ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getiriyor ve eserler yay\u0131nl\u0131yor. Dergi ayr\u0131ca K\u00fcrt dili ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fczerine \u00e7ok say\u0131da kitap da yay\u0131nl\u0131yor. K\u00fcrt s\u00f6zl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 hale getiriyor. Daha \u00f6nceki K\u00fcrt k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve edebiyat\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor. Ronah\u00ee<\/strong> ayr\u0131ca o d\u00f6nem s\u00fcrmekte olan \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan haberler ve resimler de yay\u0131nl\u0131yor; sava\u015fta Hitler kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda duruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu iki dergi K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n d\u00f6rt par\u00e7as\u0131nda o g\u00fcn\u00fcn zorlu ko\u015fullar\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlere ula\u015f\u0131yor ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n d\u00f6rt par\u00e7as\u0131ndan okuyuculardan mektuplar al\u0131yor. Bana g\u00f6re K\u00fcrt edebiyat\u0131 Bedirxan\u2019lar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hawar<\/strong> ve Ronah\u00ee<\/strong> dergileri ile doru\u011fa do\u011fru yol ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine 1940, 1950 ve 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda kimi K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan baz\u0131 dergi, kitap, gazete ve kitaplar\u0131 da bu ba\u011flamda g\u00f6rebiliriz san\u0131r\u0131m. 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dicle Kayna\u011f\u0131<\/strong>, 1950\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u015eark Mecmuas\u0131<\/strong>, 1958\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u0130leri Yurt<\/strong>, 1959\u2019da Musa Anter\u2019in kitab\u0131 Bir\u00eena Re\u015f<\/strong>, 1962\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Dicle-F\u0131rat<\/strong>, 1963\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Deng<\/strong>, 1966\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Roja Newe<\/strong>, 1967\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan Ferhenga Kurd\u00ee<\/strong>…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1970-1980 aras\u0131nda kimi K\u00fcrt \u00f6rg\u00fct ve partileri ve ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Roja Welat<\/strong>, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Yolu<\/strong>, Xebat<\/strong>, Rizgar\u00ee<\/strong>, Ala Rizgar\u00ee<\/strong>, Kawa<\/strong>, Serxweb\u00fbn<\/strong> gibi gazete ve dergileri ve isimlerini bilmedi\u011fim, duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131m, hat\u0131rlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m irili ufakl\u0131 gazete ve dergileri de burada belirtmeliyim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda ba\u015fta \u0130sve\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere Avrupa\u2019da bug\u00fcne kadar san\u0131r\u0131m be\u015f bin civar\u0131nda K\u00fcrt\u00e7e kitap yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde Mehmet Uzun, Mahmut Baksi, Malm\u00eesanij ve isimleri buraya s\u0131\u011fmayacak kadar \u00e7ok say\u0131da de\u011ferli K\u00fcrt yazar \u00f6nemli edebiyat eserleri verdi, veriyor. Bu eserlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 az say\u0131da, par\u00e7a par\u00e7a da olsa K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyaya binbir zorluklarla ula\u015ft\u0131, elden ele dola\u015ft\u0131. Ne yaz\u0131k ki K\u00fcrtlerde yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131 halen s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir taraftan devletin resmi radyo ve televizyonu K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yay\u0131nlar yaparken bir taraftan da K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kitaplar yasaklan\u0131yor, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yazanlar a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezalar\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Ama \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z art\u0131k internet \u00e7a\u011f\u0131. Art\u0131k \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 yasaklar b\u00fct\u00fcn bask\u0131 ve zul\u00fcmlere ra\u011fmen hi\u00e7bir etkide bulunam\u0131yor, h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sevgili M\u00fcsl\u00fcm A\u011fabey, size bu mektubu yazd\u0131ktan sonra tesad\u00fcfen K\u00fcrt bas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kitab\u0131n oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendim. San\u0131r\u0131m bu kitapta yeterli ve doyurucu bilgiler vard\u0131r. Ne yaz\u0131k ki kitap \u015fuanda elimde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu de\u011ferli kitaptan yararlanamad\u0131m. Bu konuda daha geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in ilgilenen olursa Fetullah Kaya\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fcrt Bas\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> isimli kitab\u0131 \u00f6nerebilirim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sevgili M\u00fcsl\u00fcm A\u011fabey, insanlar\u0131n istedikleri dillerde ve istedikleri her alanda \u00f6zg\u00fcrce yazabildikleri \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve bar\u0131\u015f dolu g\u00fcnleri g\u00f6rmemiz umuduyla sana kucaklar dolusu selamlar, sayg\u0131lar, sevgiler yolluyorum. Ho\u015f\u00e7a ve g\u00fczellikler i\u00e7inde kal\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mehmet Yakut<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30 Ocak 2023\/ Federal Almanya\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131: \u201cYeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u201dna Dair Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m Yaz\u0131lar \u2013 3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

(*) Robert Darnton, Eski Rejimde Yeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131, \u00c7ev: Suat Ba\u015far \u00c7a\u011flan, zoomkitap, \u0130stanbul, Ekim 2022.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

21 \u015eubat 2023 tarihinde ve sonras\u0131nda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/kovarabir.com\/muslum-uzulmez-yeralti-edebiyatina-dair-aldigim-yazilar-2\/
https:\/\/www.gaphaberleri.com\/kose-yazisi\/1036\/yeralti-edebiyatina-dair-aldigim-yazilar-2.html
https:\/\/ruhanews.com\/kose-yazisi\/789\/yeralti-edebiyatina-dair-aldigim-yazilar-2.html
https:\/\/www.tigrishaber.com\/yeralti-edebiyatina-dair-aldigim-yazilar-2-6247yy.htm
https:\/\/www.erganihaber.net\/kose-yazisi\/1426\/yeralti-edebiyatina-dair-aldigim-yazilar-2.html<\/p>\n\n\n

cumhuriyet<\/a>, <\/span>ehmed\u00ea xan\u00ee<\/a>, <\/span>erivan<\/a>, <\/span>ermenistan<\/a>, <\/span>gazete<\/a>, <\/span>hawar<\/a>, <\/span>illegal<\/a>, <\/span>kiril<\/a>, <\/span>k\u00fcrdistan<\/a>, <\/span>k\u00fcrt<\/a>, <\/span>k\u00fcrt bas\u0131n\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>k\u00fcrt\u00e7e<\/a>, <\/span>k\u00fcrtler<\/a>, <\/span>mahmut baksi<\/a>, <\/span>malm\u00eesanij<\/a>, <\/span>mehmet uzun<\/a>, <\/span>mehmet yakut<\/a>, <\/span>osmanl\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>reform<\/a>, <\/span>robert darnton<\/a>, <\/span>ronahi<\/a>, <\/span>\u015ferefxan<\/a>, <\/span>s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim<\/a>, <\/span>tkp'nin sesi<\/a>, <\/span>t\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a>, <\/span>yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesi: \u201cYeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u201dna Dair Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m Yaz\u0131lar \u2013 1 ABD\u2019li akademisyen Robert Darnton\u2019un kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 1789 Frans\u0131z Devrimi \u00f6ncesini anlatan Eski Rejimde Yeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131(*) isimli kitab\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00d6fkelilerin \u00d6fkesi: \u201cYeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131m yay\u0131mland\u0131ktan sonra (28.01.2023) bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f ve bunlardan iki tanesini yay\u0131mlayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 belirtmi\u015f ve Ali Haydar \u00dcz\u00fclmez\u2019in Osmanl\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, devleti kutsama ve koruman\u0131n var oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klayan yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m (8.02.2023). \u015eimdi s\u0131ra ikincisinde; Mehmet Yakut\u2019un K\u00fcrtlerde yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 konu alan yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bilgilerinize sunuyorum. 2. Yaz\u0131: K\u00fcrtlerde Yeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131 \u201cDe\u011ferli M\u00fcsl\u00fcm A\u011fabey, \u2018\u00d6fkelilerin \u00d6fkesi: Yeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makaleni okudum. Do\u011frusu \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 bir konuyu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[149,160,163,166,161,172,143,167,157,144,173,130,162,174,170,171,158,156,159,136,169,164,133,168,165,139],"class_list":["post-3901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politika","tag-cumhuriyet","tag-ehmede-xani","tag-erivan","tag-ermenistan","tag-gazete","tag-hawar","tag-illegal","tag-kiril","tag-kurdistan","tag-kurt","tag-kurt-basini","tag-kurtce","tag-kurtler","tag-mahmut-baksi","tag-malmisanij","tag-mehmet-uzun","tag-mehmet-yakut","tag-osmanli","tag-reform","tag-robert-darnton","tag-ronahi","tag-serefxan","tag-sikiyonetim","tag-tkpnin-sesi","tag-turkce","tag-yeralti-edebiyati"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3901","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3901"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3901\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6581,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3901\/revisions\/6581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}