{"id":3899,"date":"2023-02-08T20:13:30","date_gmt":"2023-02-08T20:13:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=3899"},"modified":"2023-07-01T11:39:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-01T11:39:00","slug":"yeralti-edebiyatina-dair-aldigim-yazilar-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/?p=3899","title":{"rendered":"\u201cYeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u201dna Dair Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m Yaz\u0131lar – 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z korkun\u00e7 deprem nedeniyle yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlere sab\u0131r ve g\u00fc\u00e7, yaral\u0131lara \u015fifa diliyorum.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131mda<\/a> ABD\u2019li akademisyen Robert Darnton\u2019un kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 1789 Frans\u0131z Devrimi \u00f6ncesini anlatan Eski Rejimde Yeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131<\/strong>(*)<\/sup> isimli kitab\u0131 tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Yaz\u0131mda, kitapta anlat\u0131lan \u201cyeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n siyasi propaganda nitelikli \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fctsel yay\u0131nlar<\/em>\u201d ve Henry Miller, O\u011fuz Atay, Metin Ka\u00e7an gibi yazarlar\u0131nda mensubu olduklar\u0131 \u201cyeralt\u0131 edebiyat ak\u0131m\u0131<\/em>\u201d kapsam\u0131ndaki yay\u0131nlardan farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ama biraz benzer yanlar\u0131n\u0131n da oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftim. Bu \u201cyeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131<\/em>\u201d mevzu biraz karma\u015f\u0131k ve biraz da \u00e7ok boyutlu bir kavram olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kafalar bu konuda biraz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k. Yaz\u0131m yay\u0131nland\u0131ktan sonra ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m yaz\u0131, mesaj ve telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m birinci sonu\u00e7 bu oldu. \u0130kincisi de bu konunun biraz a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve i\u015flenmesi gerekti\u011fi hususu oldu. Bu nedenle, gelen yaz\u0131lardan iki tanesinin \u00f6nemli belirlemeler i\u00e7ermesi ve ayr\u0131ca bir birilerini tamamlar nitelikte olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131 payla\u015fmak istiyorum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Yaz\u0131: Osmanl\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet D\u00f6neminde Devleti Kutsama ve Koruma Var<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDe\u011ferli A\u011fabeyim, \u00d6fkelilerin \u00d6fkesi: \u201cYeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u201d<\/a><\/em><\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131n\u0131 okudum. Bu konudaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimi k\u0131saca aktarmak istiyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bildi\u011fin gibi, edebi eserlerin al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131lan bir meta haline gelmesi ve seri \u00fcretimleri sanayi devrimi sonras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle edebiyat, \u00f6zellikle roman ve \u00f6yk\u00fc kapitalizmle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve burjuva k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr diyebiliriz. Olaya b\u00f6yle bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman T\u00fcrklerin edebiyat tarihi pek i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Tanzimat ve Islahat fermanlar\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 var. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 1876 Anayasas\u0131, Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6nemi ve \u0130ttihat Terakki ile Cumhuriyet\u2019e kadar devam eder. Bu d\u00f6nemde Gen\u00e7 Osmanl\u0131lar \u201cOsmanl\u0131l\u0131kla<\/em>\u201d, J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d ve \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d<\/em>le tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve bu tan\u0131\u015fma sonras\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrk-\u0130slam<\/em>\u201d ideolojisine evriliyor. Abd\u00fclhamit, \u201c\u0130slam\u201d<\/em>la Osmanl\u0131y\u0131 ayakta tutmaya ve da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, toprak kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemin m\u00fcnevverleri \u015einasi, Nam\u0131k Kemal, Tevfik Fikret, Halit Ziya U\u015fakl\u0131gil, Ahmet Mithat Efendi, Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem, Ahmet Hamdi Tanp\u0131nar, Halide Edip gibi yazarlar, Devrim i\u00e7in de\u011fil, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rlar. Reform yapmak, hanedan\u0131n\/ padi\u015fah\u0131n yetkilerini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak, sonradan Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in tahttan indirilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ederler. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki d\u00f6nemi ise, i\u00e7te k\u0131r\u0131m d\u0131\u015farda sava\u015f d\u00f6nemidir. Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura ve Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi devletin ideolojik olarak \u201cT\u00fcrk-\u0130slam<\/em>\u201d \u00e7izgisinde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemdir. Bu d\u00f6nemde sanat ve edebiyat \u00e7ok fazla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmamakta ve do\u011fal olarak yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131ndan bahsedemeyiz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00d6mer Seyfettin Ka\u015fa\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ve Yaln\u0131z Efe<\/strong> gibi eserlerinde ilk olarak J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk\u2019ler \u00e7izgisinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fini i\u015flemi\u015ftir. Hatta bu m\u00fcnevverlerin halkla da \u00e7ok fazla ilgileri yoktur. Bir avu\u00e7 ayd\u0131n\/ m\u00fcnevver kendi aralar\u0131nda ili\u015fki kurarak m\u00fccadele ederler. Bunlar\u0131n, Fransa veya Avrupa\u2019daki gibi saray ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ve saray entrikalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan roman, hik\u00e2ye ve \u015fiirleri de yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi de \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 de\u011fil, tek adam rejimi ve sava\u015f var. Bu d\u00f6neme, tek \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc muhalefet T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi (TKP) ve onunla birlikte hareket eden ayd\u0131nlard\u0131r. TKP ve ayd\u0131nlar Cumhuriyet\u2019e ve Mustafa Kemal\u2019e muhalefet etmiyorlar. Cumhuriyeti daha ileri ta\u015f\u0131mak ve SSCB\u2019nin yan\u0131nda olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal (Komintern) kararlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda m\u00fccadele ediyorlar. Ba\u015flar\u0131na da gelmeyen kalm\u0131yor. TKP\u2019nin devrim hedefi yok. Zaten b\u00f6yle bir g\u00fcc\u00fc ve halkla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesi de yok. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131ndan bahsedemeyiz. Fransa\u2019daki gibi yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kitaplar bas\u0131p yurt i\u00e7inde da\u011f\u0131tma, hele hele bundan para kazanma gibi bir durum hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil; peki, ne var?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Partinin ileri gelenlerinden \u015eefik H\u00fcsn\u00fc, Re\u015fat Fuat Barener, Naz\u0131m Hikmet, Hatice Suat Dervi\u015f, Zeki Ba\u015ft\u0131mar, Hikmet K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131 ve Sabahattin Ali, A. Kadir, Enver G\u00f6k\u00e7e, Abidin Dino, Sabiha Sertel, Sabahattin Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu\u2019nun bro\u015f\u00fcr, yaz\u0131 ve \u015fiirleri var. Bunlarda par\u00e7a par\u00e7ad\u0131r ve b\u00fct\u00fcnsellik yoktur. San\u0131r\u0131m Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019in \u015fiirleri ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 Destan<\/strong>\u0131 ile Sabahattin Ali ve Hatice Suat Dervi\u015f\u2019in romanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda edebi eser de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131yan eser de hemen hemen yok gibidir. Var olanlarda Cumhuriyete ve Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1960 ve 1970 d\u00f6nemi sonras\u0131n\u0131 ise ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. 1960 sonras\u0131nda da yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131 yoktur. 1961 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n getirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu k\u0131smi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ortam\u0131nda ad\u0131m ad\u0131m roman, hik\u00e2ye, \u015fiir kitaplar\u0131 bas\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi (T\u0130P)\u2019nin, Devrimci \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu (D\u0130SK)\u2019nun kurulu\u015fu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, d\u00fcnyada solun itibar kazanmas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de devrimci dalga kabarm\u0131\u015f ve kitleselle\u015fmeyle birlikte irili ufakl\u0131 onlarca \u00f6rg\u00fct ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar aksiyon halinde olmu\u015flar. Devrimci hareketin bu \u015fekilde yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131p y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7mesi do\u011fal olarak ayd\u0131nlar \u00fczerinde etkileri olmu\u015ftur. Yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131 \u00fcretmemi\u015f, yasal g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sol\/sosyalist sanat, edebiyat ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orhan Kemal, Kemal Tahir, Hasan \u0130zzettin Dinamo, Kerim Korcan, Ya\u015far Kemal, Sait Faik, Leyla Erbil, Sevgi Soysal, F\u00fcruzan, O\u011fuz Atay, Orhan Pamuk, Z\u00fclf\u00fc Livaneli, Ahmet \u00dcmit, Selim \u0130leri, Nevzat \u00c7elik ve daha bir\u00e7ok edebiyat ustalar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aziz Nesin mizahta, Ahmet Arif, Orhan Veli ve Cemal S\u00fcreya \u015fiirde, Vedat T\u00fcrkali romanda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 eserler zaman zaman yasaklansa da yer alt\u0131na itilmemi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bizde Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131 yoktur diyebiliriz. Bizde olan kopuk kopuk bro\u015f\u00fcr, bildiri d\u00fczeyinde siyasi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve propagandaya y\u00f6nelik siyasi metinlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusya\u2019da Herzen, \u00c7erni\u015fevski, Tolstoy, Dostoyevski, Gorki gibi yazarlar yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00c7arl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmi\u015fler. Rusya Sosyal Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi (RSD\u0130P)\u2019nin yay\u0131nlar\u0131 ve Lenin\u2019in Nisan Tezleri<\/strong> ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere yaz\u0131 ve kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Rusya\u2019ya gizli sokulmu\u015f, ayd\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda elden ele dola\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015fler; sol, sosyalist, adil bir d\u00fczen istemi\u015fler. Keza Fransa\u2019da Devrim var ve halk i\u015fin i\u00e7inde. Yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc var. Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kitaplar bas\u0131l\u0131yor bunlar \u00fclkeye sokuluyor. Ve insanlar bundan para kazan\u0131yor. Bu sekt\u00f6r halkla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e, halkla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fiyor. Binlerce insan bundan etkileniyor ve devrime kat\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 kendi ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 yeti\u015ftiriyor. Bizde ise, Osmanl\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde devleti kutsama ve koruma var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrt ulusal hareketi ile ilgili yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 ise ayr\u0131 ele almak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sevgi ve sayg\u0131lar sunuyorum a\u011fabeyime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29 Ocak 2023\/ Ali Haydar \u00dcz\u00fclmez\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrtlerde yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131 bir sonraki yaz\u0131da…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131: \u201cYeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u201dna Dair Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m Yaz\u0131lar \u2013 2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

(*)<\/sup> Robert Darnton, Eski Rejimde Yeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131, \u00c7ev: Suat Ba\u015far \u00c7a\u011flan, zoomkitap, \u0130stanbul, Ekim 2022.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

8 \u015eubat 2023 tarihinde ve sonras\u0131nda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.tigrishaber.com\/yeralti-edebiyatina-dair-aldigim-yazilar-1-6215yy.htm
https:\/\/www.gaphaberleri.com\/kose-yazisi\/1030\/yeralti-edebiyatina-dair-aldigim-yazilar-1.html
https:\/\/ruhanews.com\/kose-yazisi\/784\/yeralti-edebiyatina-dair-aldigim-yazilar-1.html
https:\/\/www.erganihaber.net\/kose-yazisi\/1424\/yeralti-edebiyatina-dair-aldigim-yazilar-1.html
http:\/\/kovarabir.com\/muslum-uzulmez-yeralti-edebiyatina-dair-aldigim-yazilar-1\/<\/p>\n\n\n

abd\u00fclhamit<\/a>, <\/span>ali haydar \u00fcz\u00fclmez<\/a>, <\/span>cumhuriyet<\/a>, <\/span>disk<\/a>, <\/span>diyarbak\u0131r<\/a>, <\/span>fransa<\/a>, <\/span>frans\u0131z devrimi<\/a>, <\/span>illegal<\/a>, <\/span>\u0131slahat<\/a>, <\/span>kitap\u00e7\u0131k<\/a>, <\/span>k\u00fcrt<\/a>, <\/span>mustafa kemal<\/a>, <\/span>naz\u0131m hikmet<\/a>, <\/span>osmanl\u0131<\/a>, <\/span>refrom<\/a>, <\/span>rejim<\/a>, <\/span>robert darnton<\/a>, <\/span>s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim<\/a>, <\/span>tanzimat<\/a>, <\/span>tip<\/a>, <\/span>tkp<\/a>, <\/span>t\u00fcrkiye kom\u00fcnist partisi<\/a>, <\/span>t\u00fcrkler<\/a>, <\/span>yeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z korkun\u00e7 deprem nedeniyle yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlere sab\u0131r ve g\u00fc\u00e7, yaral\u0131lara \u015fifa diliyorum. *** Bir \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131mda ABD\u2019li akademisyen Robert Darnton\u2019un kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 1789 Frans\u0131z Devrimi \u00f6ncesini anlatan Eski Rejimde Yeralt\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131(*) isimli kitab\u0131 tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Yaz\u0131mda, kitapta anlat\u0131lan \u201cyeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131\u201dn\u0131n siyasi propaganda nitelikli \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fctsel yay\u0131nlar\u201d ve Henry Miller, O\u011fuz Atay, Metin Ka\u00e7an gibi yazarlar\u0131nda mensubu olduklar\u0131 \u201cyeralt\u0131 edebiyat ak\u0131m\u0131\u201d kapsam\u0131ndaki yay\u0131nlardan farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ama biraz benzer yanlar\u0131n\u0131n da oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftim. Bu \u201cyeralt\u0131 edebiyat\u0131\u201d mevzu biraz karma\u015f\u0131k ve biraz da \u00e7ok boyutlu bir kavram olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kafalar bu konuda biraz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k. Yaz\u0131m yay\u0131nland\u0131ktan sonra ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m yaz\u0131, mesaj ve telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[147,105,149,152,115,146,131,143,151,132,144,153,140,156,150,145,136,133,154,148,138,141,155,139],"class_list":["post-3899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politika","tag-abdulhamit","tag-ali-haydar-uzulmez","tag-cumhuriyet","tag-disk","tag-diyarbakir","tag-fransa","tag-fransiz-devrimi","tag-illegal","tag-islahat","tag-kitapcik","tag-kurt","tag-mustafa-kemal","tag-nazim-hikmet","tag-osmanli","tag-refrom","tag-rejim","tag-robert-darnton","tag-sikiyonetim","tag-tanzimat","tag-tip","tag-tkp","tag-turkiye-komunist-partisi","tag-turkler","tag-yeralti-edebiyati"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3899","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3899"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3899\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6579,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3899\/revisions\/6579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uzulmez.site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}